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You can form a normal empire in the "decisions" tab if you meet the requirements, but de jure empires (like Scandinavia) are almost all gone for ck2+.
Incorrect. They are just titular. Scandinavia appears when you have the correct number of kingdom titles, holdings, and have Sjaelland as your capital.
 
So I need all the kingdom titles in the Scandinavian region and Sjaelland as my capital.
No. You need 2 (or 3 depending on the game rule) kingdom titles, 150 holdings (or whatever the county count was, I forget) and Sjaelland as your capital
 
I don't think Sjaelland needs to be capital. Sjaelland is just empire's de jure capital, that means it has to be controled.

Creation conditions are standard. 50 provinces or 150 holdings, 2 or 3 kingdom titles depending on game rule, and north_germanic/english_norse culture.
 
I don't think Sjaelland needs to be capital. Sjaelland is just empire's de jure capital, that means it has to be controled.

Creation conditions are standard. 50 provinces or 150 holdings, 2 or 3 kingdom titles depending on game rule, and north_germanic/english_norse culture.
I haven't looked at the full reqs for a while so I was mistaken. So yeah, this.
 
To clarify for those wondering: You have to select the norse empire or empire of scandanavia from the list of titles that "Can be created" via the alert at the top of the screen. And last I checked you also need to have ruled your primary title for 5 years before it'll appear as an option too, alongside the 50 counties/150 holdings and 2/3 kingdoms plus culture. It's a lot cheaper than using the form empire decision, but I think the form empire decision actually absorbs crown titles too unless that's changed by the mod. However, if you can maintain a stable empire for a couple gens de jure drift will make your empire non-titular and add created kingdoms into the de jure of it. I forget what the default drift is however.

My last run I formed the norse empire this way with 4 kingdoms as tribal(Norway, sweden, denmark, and finland) because 50 counties takes a lot of land. Luckily increasing tribal authority increases vassal limit because takes quire a number of vassals to reach that. But those 4 kingdoms combined are more than enough. If your feudal then you can potentially get by without finland if you have more than 3 holdings average in each county(Which I'm not sure is viable in scandanavia due to the smaller northern holdings). Gavelkind is a wonderful thing while doing this either way. But so are strong claims and a large retinue of huscarls with 5k levies in sjealand to back them up.
 
If you use the title search you can find all of these titular empires, along with the requirements.