I no longer believe the problem is the game, at least it's not just the game. At least for me, on a i9-13900k, the issue is a combination of the AVX commands being called by the game which is pushing these CPUs harder in ways that they have not before, modern motherboards from Asus (and possibly MSI and others) helpfully optimizing the CPU for you by undervolting it (sometimes drastically), and the system being overly optimistic about how well the CPU being able to perform at high clocks with multiple cores at these settings.
I now have a stable setup for Victoria 3 and my i9-13900k which allows me to play for literally hours without a crash while also not being hot as hell. I am as shocked you are.