They do shift jobs around. Its just really slow. If you don't try to micromanage it you'll be happier and it'll get done eventually.
(Note...I got a positive review of this post long before I edited it. I fully understand if that "endorsement" is no longer relevant. I do believe my Jan 3 2019 version is the definitive edit.)
This isn't really true. I set up restricted domes half a map apart from one another and colonists would take shuttles to work in domes they CAN'T live in, even when there were plenty of jobs in the dome they did live in. Sometimes they would stubbornly remain homeless to work in the "wrong" dome. I even had children only domes set up half a map apart, and not only did the children swap homes at the drop of a hat, but adults would roam around in those domes even if nothing was there for them to do...adults that didn't even live or work nearby. I had to shut off life support to those domes, and even though there were plenty of shuttles to transport them to the "right" domes, they'd (at best) walk to a "wrong" dome and try to work there. That's a programming bug, and it's annoying at best and gamebreaking at worst, especially if you bothered to go to the trouble of setting priorities in domes in the first place.
The only way it "gets done eventually" is if your map is really simple, "eventually" is a ridiculous amount of Sol (10 or more***, in which case it is useless to even bother with setting up specialized domes...on the easier game setups* specializing domes is over kill even when they do work), or you (general you, not specific you) as a player don't really care about allocation (again, on the easier game setups* allocation by specialization isn't necessary anyway). This last option I really have no problem with...except...the game implies (nay, explicitly encourages) that specialization is the intended method of play. Because of this, until the game is properly patched (and mods don't count, even if I did have the PC version...in fact, I'm 99% sure if the game is properly patched it will break mods anyway), I'll ignore both specialization and dome restrictions. This means universities will have, at best, a minimal effect in my games. In other words, one university, one shift. Even when I use amateur only one ship only applicants.
Note...some of my domes were clustered and connected by passages. I am aware that passages are a comparatively new addition to the game, and I wonder if it is possible the AI is not fully optimized to use these properly. However, as I said it even happens when domes are half a map apart so passages can't be entirely to blame.
*and unless you are a newbie, or extremely competitive over meaningless (ie, no monetary or gameplay advantage; ego or dopamine boosts are not "meaningful"...and EVERY SINGLE DEVELOPER since MS and Sony decided to add achievements circa 2005 to exploit this phenomena, though developed from "scores" from arcade games 1970s and earlier) statistics, easy game setups = no achievements is a negligible penalty...achievements are meaningless gameplay-wise except for about 5 games released in the last 15 years
***and even if less...come on...it's implied in-game specialization takes less time than this. Yeah, if you are patient, it evens out in the end. But that's not the way the game implies it works. And the implication, as well as the explication, does not work right...ie, the game needs to be patched.