Not in-game, but if you were to mod the file, what's the max number possible. I know 99 work, but would 999 work, or 9999 work, or even more?
The impregnation chance isn't a problem, I have a couple of mods that allow you to have sex with people, rather than waiting on random chance.I've not encountered any bugs from setting some (rare) government types to have 1000 concubines, though I've also not really tried having a character with that many simultaneous concubines (it was set that high with the expectation that nobody would get that high). However, unless you also add some extra impregnation chance event it's not really going to have much of an effect after the first few since characters stop having children normally (i.e. outside scripred impregnation) after approximately nine (living, non-secret bastard) children.