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Tinto Maps #6 - 14th of June 2024 - Great Britain & Ireland

Hello everyone. @Pavía and the rest of the Content Design team are busy working on the feedback for the previous Tinto Maps, so I'm standing in for this week.

I'm @SaintDaveUK, some of you might have seen me here and there on the forums, but the long story short is that I work on a very secret game whose name I am contractually obligated to redact. That's right, it's ███████ ██████!

This week you get a double-whammy, mostly because it’s really hard to show Britain on its own on a screenshot. Partly to side-step the “British Isles” naming controversy, but mainly because the gameplay of them both is so different, this part of Europa is divided into 2 distinct regions: Great Britain and Ireland.

Climate​

The mild Oceanic climate (Köppen Cfb) dominates the isles. Where it cools towards the inland Pennines and the Scottish Highlands (Köppen Cfc), we represent it with the wintry and dreich Continental climate.

climate.jpg




Topography​

The isles are dominated by green and pleasant flatlands and low rolling hills, the peripheries punctuated by rocky mountains and craggy highlands.

We would like to add some more impassable locations in northern England and the Scottish borders to make manoeuvres a little more interesting and strategic, but would like suggestions from people more familiar with the Pennines.

[Edit: 16 June added the missing map]

topography.JPG


Vegetation​

The great moors, bogs, and fens are represented by Sparse vegetation, meanwhile much of the land is still wooded.

vegetation.jpg




Raw Materials​

The raw goods situation aims to reflect the economic reality of medieval Britain. Shepherding was common on every corner of the islands, a lot of the wool produced was sold to the industrial hub of the Low Countries to be manufactured into cloth, which was in turn sold back to British markets.

The further north-west we go, the less fertile the terrain, and as such the greater reliance on pastoral farming such as livestock over wheat. The western hills and valleys also expose a greater number of mineral delights, including the historic stannary mines of Devon and Cornwall.

raw_materials.jpg




Markets​

As you can see the two starting markets are London and Dublin. Aside from London we could have chosen almost any town, from Aberdeen to Bristol. We chose Dublin as it was the main trade centre in Ireland, and also because it handsomely splits the isles to the East and West of the Pennines, demonstrating the impact that terrain can have on dynamic Market attraction.

They are both shades of red because they are coloured after the market centre’s top overlord country – market control is a viable playstyle and we like to think of it as a form of map painting for countries not focused on traditional conquest routes.

market.jpg




Culture​

We have decided to go with a monolithic English culture. We could have forced the introduction of a second Northumbrian or even third Mercian culture, but typically they were not really considered separate peoples. The English, though diverse in origin and with a variety of dialects, had already begun to coalesce in the face of the Viking invasions hundreds of years before.

Scotland, conversely, is a real porridge of cultures. The Lowland Scots (who speak a dialect of Northumbrian English that later develops into the Scots language) dominate their kingdom from their wealthy burghs, and are gradually encroaching onto the pastoral lands of the Gaelic Highlanders. The Norse-Gaelic clansmen watch from the Western Isles, with some old settlements remaining around Galloway. The far north, ironically called Sutherland, retains some Norse presence.

Wales, conquered for around a century by this point, plays host to English burghers looking to make a few quid, as well as the descendants of Norman adventurer knights in the marcher lordships, but is still majority Welsh-speaking from Anglesey to Cardiff.

The Anglo-Irish (representing the spectrum from Cambro-Norman knights to the so-called ‘Old English’ settlers) live in great numbers in the south-eastern trading towns from Dublin to Cork, as well as in smaller numbers in frontier outposts.

The cosmopolitan towns across the isles are also home to people from elsewhere in Europe, most notably Flemish weavers from the Low Countries, though their numbers are too small to impact the mapmode.

The Norman ███████ dominates as the ██████████████ for both of the kingdoms and their subjects. The conquest of 1066 is no longer fresh, but the continuing bonds between the aristocratic classes of England, Scotland, and France have kept the French language alive and strong.

culture.jpg






Religion​

I decided that it's not even worth taking a screenshot of the Religion map mode. There are tiny minorities of Jewish people in some Scottish and Irish towns (they had been expelled from England), but they are so small in number they don't even register on the map mode

Other than that, it's all Catholic. But not for long.

> John Wycliffe has entered the chat.


Areas​

Based on the 4 provinces of Ireland (sorry Meath) and splitting England roughly into the larger Anglo-Saxon earldoms which have some similarity with the modern Regions (sorry Yorkshire).

areas.jpg





Provinces​

We have fixed the colours of the Provinces mapmode so you can see the individual provinces a bit more clearly. These are largely based on the historic counties, which have remained fairly constant throughout history, while merging some of those that are too small.

We’ve almost certainly offended someone.

The ancient Scottish shires are pretty messy and difficult to coalesce into neat provinces, so any suggestions for better arrangement there would be very welcome.

provinces.jpg




Locations​


You might notice that the locations in Ireland are varyingly written in both English and in Irish. This is because we have the new system up-and-running where we can name Locations by the primary culture of the country they are owned by.

This means that for example London might be called Londres if it was ruled by a Catalan country. It’s currently a WIP feature and we might add more elements, such as a game setting to base the name on dominant culture of the location instead, or to just use default (English) names.

locations.jpg




Government Types​

As with most of Europe, most of the countries are under some monarchy or another, but the Irish tuathas begin with the Tribe government type. This, among other mechanics such as [redacted] helps to give them a very unique playing style in Europe.

government.jpg


Countries​

England

England of course stands as the dominant kingdom in the isles. Despite having a lot of power resting on the barons, the country is fairly unitary even at this point, with very little practical separation between the crown’s power in somewhere like Kent versus Yorkshire. However there are notable exceptions.

The powerful Burgesses estate in the City of London enjoys ancient freedoms from royal power, while the king peers in from the Crown’s seat of power in neighbouring Westminster.

The County Palatine of Durham is not represented by a country, but buildings that give the Clergy Estate a huge amount of power in the locations it is present in. This also ties into political gameplay as a ██████████ ██████.

The newly created Duchy of Cornwall—the only duchy in England at the time—would also not be represented well by the Cornwall country, being a disparate set of manorial holdings that are ironically mostly in Devon. Cornwall of course exists as a releasable country though.

The Isle of Man is a little less certain. For now we have it as a subject of England. On paper it was a ‘kingdom’ awarded to William Montagu, the king’s favourite, however we aren’t sure if he actually wielded any real power on the isle. It changed hands between England and Scotland numerous times in this period, but in practice it appears to have been governed by a local council of barons. Any more details on exactly what was going on here in this period would be greatly appreciated.

These decisions have been made because as England heaves itself out of the feudal system, we thought it would be best if the small-fry inward-looking internal politicking is handled through the Estates and [redacted] systems, and then the diplomacy tracks are freed up for the English player to behave more outwardly against other major countries.

Wales

Though subjugated by conquest, Wales was not formally annexed into the Kingdom of England until the mid 1500s. As such the principality begins as a Dominion subject under England.

Those familiar with Welsh history will note that historically the Principality of Wales didn’t extend much beyond the old kingdom of Gywnedd. Much of the country to the southeast was in fact ruled by marcher lords, which we represent with a powerful Nobility estate in the valleys and beyond.

There is an alternative vision of Wales that I would like to gauge opinion on, and that is expanding it to include the Earldom of Chester and the marches on the English side of the modern border. If you are an Englishman familiar with modern borders this might look alarming, but these lands were also constitutionally ambiguous parts of the “Welsh Marches” until the 1500s. This will hand over to the Wales player the full responsibility of dealing with the marcher lords, allowing England to focus on bigger picture issues like beating France.

Ireland

Ireland is going through a moment of change. English royal power is centred on the Lordship of the Pale, the king’s Dominion ruling out of Dublin Castle. However, it struggles to keep a grasp on the rebellious Hiberno-Norman earls scattered around the island - some of whom remain as vassals, some of whom have managed to slip free of royal control.

The Tanistry system of succession endemic to the Gaelic Irish has its advantages, but it can also lead to chaotic feuds between rival branches. The so-called Burke Civil War has fractured the powerful Earldom of Ulster into rival Burke cousins who jealously feud over their shrinking lordships in Connaught. Native Irish princes of the north have reconquered most of their own lands from the de Burghs, but there are also two rival O’Neill cousins who style themselves King of Tyrone either side of the River Bann.

The feuding Irish lack a unifying figure, but anyone powerful enough could theoretically claim the title of High King. The former provincial kingdoms, such as Meath and Connacht, enjoy the elevated rank of Duchy, giving them a slight edge in the High Kingship selection.

Scotland

The chancer Edward Balliol continues his attempt for the Scottish throne, with England’s tacit permission. It’s hard to determine the exact lands held by Balliol in 1337, but we know his disinherited loyalists hold the castle of Perth while his English allies had seized large tracts of the lowlands from Bruce. Balliol has also bought the loyalty of the MacDonald and the other Hebridean galley lords by granting them remote land on the west coast of the mainland.

Meanwhile, Scotland’s canny regent Sir Andrew de Moray launches his decisive counterattack as his true king, David II de Bruce, waits in exile in France.

political.jpg


Dynasties​

We know about Plantagenet, Balliol, and Bruce, so I've zoomed in on Ireland to show the ruling dynasties of the various chieftains and earls.

dynasty.jpg


Population​

Excuse the seams and the greyscale mapmode. We have something better in the pipeline...

population_country.jpg
population_location.jpg




Well, thats it for now!

As always the team is eagerly awaiting your feedback and looking forward to the discussions. We’ll try to keep on top of the thread, but we have a teambuilding activity this afternoon so it might be a little more sporadic than usual!

Next week: Anatolia!
 
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Lovely to see the Isle of Man represented properly! Even in CK3 we didn't get much love (CK3 having a less nuanced feudal system than
Redacted
).

I did wrote a long paragraph detailing my understanding of Manx history, based on popular general knowledge. While refreshing my memory I found an interesting account of Manx property law which thoroughly disagrees with most of what I wrote, and seems much more likely to be true historical fact.

Despite all of this history, and the Isle of Man remaining a sovereign nation that boasts of having the oldest continuous parliament, I honestly feel like it might be better represented as a part of England with very low Control. Functionally that's what it was, an untaxable and impoverished outpost at the edge of the country, less valuable than even disloyal bits of Ireland. I would also add that we were involved in the English civil war, with an insurrection in support of Parliament lead by Illiam Dhone - since this is one of the largest impacts the Island has had on world history I'd suggest that if vassals don't take part in their masters' civil wars the Island shouldn't be independent.
 
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In the case of the Bradford example in your map, we would lose Bradford and have to replace it with a no-name village that nobody has ever heard of. In these cases we have erred on the side of preserving more recognisable names and more important places based on rough cardinal directions of the county, even if they are not satellite-correct.

Replacing Liverpool with 6 locations or Sheffield with 4 locations is not what we want to do here either. If we go too granular the game basically becomes impossible to manage.
I'd have thought you'd still want to be geographically accurate. If you want to have Bradford as a province then thats fine, but I think the boundaries need to be drawn so that that province has the town in surely.

As an alternative, people have already suggested Skipton as a very good suggestion for that one, which is still a fairly important town today.
 
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I am seeing Anglo-Irish culture
View attachment 1148871


Is it some sort of cultural mixing mechanic, or when English men move to Ireland their culture changes to Anglo-Irish? Or it's just a name for a culture

They're meant to represent Norman lords who moved to Ireland, intermingled with the local customs (and women) and 'went native'. Many had at best tenuous loyalty to England and were mostly autonomous
 
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I have to confess that all the Irish we have in game is just a side project by me, and I'm not an Irish speaker so there's unfortunately going to be a lot of inconsistencies. However most sources I have used use modern orthography.

How does dotted lenition work and how important is it for historical immersion? How 'weird' would it be for Irish speakers unfamiliar with it? We avoid Middle English for example because it will just be too strange in most cases.
It would be very hard to implement and would look unwieldy unless using gaelic script. Only occurs where a h succeeds a consonant. So instead of Ó Domhnaill you would have Ó Domnaill but a dot over the m.
 
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Looking very impressive and promising. That the level of granularity inspires debate about English history and not just Irish/Scottish/Welsh bodes well for it!


Anglo-Irish


For Ireland's "Anglo-Irish" I'd be interested to see if they get fleshed out to represent the balancing of English loyalty/influences with Irish assimilation. Historically the "Old English"/Sean-Ghall became culturally integrated to a large extent. They were in a bind because advancing English control reduced their influence as local frontier elites.

IRL the change of religion in England to Protestantism was the cleavage that separated them from being an Anglicising influence, but even without that, to the extent that the post-"medieval" politics and economics of Tudor England involved developing that system in Ireland with "new men", it displaced the older Norman-era families from dominance of the politics. The new timeframe in this game seems hopeful of capturing the historical moment between the late medieval and the proto-early modern, whereas in EU4 epoch-defining things like the Lancastrian wars and the fall of Granada and Constantinople felt like preliminary filler obstacles.


So for that culture, "Hiberno-Norman" might be a better name to reflect the initial time period. But while I'm overall NOT a fan of splitting cultures into smaller groups, this might be a case where the "Old English" are worth distinguishing from the "Nua-Ghall", known in modern Irish historiography as the "Anglo-Irish" or "Protestant ascendancy". Depending what the later game timeframe is.

Reason being that if local Norman nobles in Ireland secured dominance over the Irish clans' territories, it would be a very different outcome if it represented an extension of England's political power over Ireland, or a consolidation of political power internal to Ireland, creating a power base in Ireland which naturally would be against England. On a long enough timeframe they might be predestined to either conform to "English" or "Irish" identity rather than making a middle-path last indefinitely.

On a related note, if Gaelic Irish lords took over Ireland, taking over the Pale at the right time, or any time, would be a disaster for England, so having that represented as its own thing distinct from how it is in EU4, where Dublin is just another easily-tanked low development province in England's eyes makes much more sense.


Population

As people have pointed out, it looks weird that some Irish OPMs have respectable populations and others have barely 4 digits. Similar to how things in CK were built around control of population centres instead of population (except for CK2 nomads, whose system actually could have mapped onto Ireland well with some adjustment), the gist of Ireland in that period would have been control of rural populations rather than urban centres, so the actual balance between political units would have made more sense relative to population. Notional English-claimed areas' Gaelic population shouldn't count towards their political power but against it, and vice versa, except to the extent that vassal relationships are cultivated.



Marble/Trade Goods

As has been pointed out, marble wasn't relevant in medieval Ireland. It does raise interesting questions if enough socio-economic development could change the trade goods in peripheral areas. Like coal in EU4. And more places would have relied on livestock than fish in Ireland.
I'm also not a geographer, but I think a lot of what is seen as "sparse" or "grasslands" today would have been "woods" in medieval times or even "farmland" before the 19th century.


Names and Placenames

Again, as others have said, great that you're consciously addressing different names in the different languages. The granularity is such that you'll have people from all over the world telling you the history of their local areas from 700 years ago, for the next 700 years or however long the DLC cycle for this game ends up lasting!
I'll wait for the game to come out before fussing over minor details, but one thing that jumps out is "An Clochán" aka Clifden, which was founded in the 19th century. I'm not really an expert but I think Ballynahinch/Baile na hInse was the medieval centre of the dynasty in that region. The more well-known castle town associated with Iar Connacht is Uachtar Ard/Oughterard, but that would have been at the edge of Clanricard/Burke control, just outside Galway, in the peak of Norman influence.

A useful resource for Irish placenames is https://www.logainm.ie/en/

I have to confess that all the Irish we have in game is just a side project by me, and I'm not an Irish speaker so there's unfortunately going to be a lot of inconsistencies. However most sources I have used use modern orthography.

How does dotted lenition work and how important is it for historical immersion? How 'weird' would it be for Irish speakers unfamiliar with it? We avoid Middle English for example because it will just be too strange in most cases.
Dotted letters aren't necessary for modernised Irish orthography, even when spelling things in older ways. Historically IIRC the use of "h" instead of the dot came about because of using printing presses built for other languages.
One area that could be improved is the dynasty names. "Ua" might be more correct for the period than "Ó", but I don't know when exactly Middle Irish became early Modern Irish, or if that's a marker of that. And because of the way the genitive works, the "Ó/Ua" and "Mac" aren't optional.

  • Mac Uidhir
  • Mac Cárthaigh
  • Ua/Mac Mathghamhana
"Caomhánach" is apparently an exception though. And if the Anglo-Irish dynasties Gaelicised, they might change names. Eg: Fitzgerald in Irish would be Mac Gearailt.


Having placenames in Britain adjust to Welsh is a good thing. I made a thread about how province names would turn into gibberish if Ireland invaded Britain, and the Irish namelists became nonsensical if the Irish OPMs in EU4 formed "Ireland" tag.

 
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I have to confess that all the Irish we have in game is just a side project by me, and I'm not an Irish speaker so there's unfortunately going to be a lot of inconsistencies. However most sources I have used use modern orthography.

How does dotted lenition work and how important is it for historical immersion? How 'weird' would it be for Irish speakers unfamiliar with it? We avoid Middle English for example because it will just be too strange in most cases.
The dotted lenition would follow certain consonants that can have lenition (séimhiú)

b, c, d, f, g, m, p, t

If these letters have lenition (séimhiú) the h would be dropped and a dot would be placed above the character to signify séimhiú.

SmartSelect_20240615_201022_Samsung Notes.jpg


It might be hard for non native speakers to understand. So may not be worth it. But it would be a very cool edition. Will you fix the Irish in the areas and for the Kingdom names? I appreciate the locations being in Irish but the provinces areas and Irish Kingdoms should be in Irish too. I hope you fix that.
 
"Ua" might be more correct for the period than "Ó", but I don't know when exactly Middle Irish became early Modern Irish, or if that's a marker of that. And because of the way the genitive works, the "Ó/Ua" and "Mac" aren't optional.
  • Mac Uidhir
  • Mac Cárthaigh
  • Ua/Mac Mathghamhana
"Caomhánach" is apparently an exception though. And if the Anglo-Irish dynasties Gaelicised, they might change names. Eg: Fitzgerald in Irish would be Mac Gearailt.



Great post in general but I disagree here.
For this period Ó is standard. Ua is anachronistic (though some pseudo-archaic texts would have used it). Another smal point is Mág Uidhir rather than Mac Uidhir, some say because it precedes a vowel but my phd supervisor always insisted it was Mac Uí, son of the grandson.

Thanks for bringing Caomhánach to my attention. It is not a dynasty name on its own and only occurs as "Mac Murchadha Caomhánach". Caomhánach got attached to the name after Diarmait Mac Murchadha's son, Domhnall, was educated in St Kevin's (Caomhán) Monastery in Glendalough.
 
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For natural resources in Kent, the marble should probably be replaced by salt and the fibre crops with iron to represented Wealden iron ore deposits.
What would that salt resource represent? Was there a mine there?
Most of the English salt production was a boiling process, requesting workforce and massive amount of fuel, as such it should not be represented as an RGO, but rather as a building/industry (to consume that fuel).
 
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What would that salt resource represent? Was there a mine there?
Most of the English salt production was a boiling process, requesting workforce and massive amount of fuel, as such it should not be represented as an RGO, but rather as a building/industry (to consume that fuel).
Not sure where your logic that it shouldn't be a resource comes from? Sheep didn't magically appear out of the ground in East Anglia, nor was tin waiting to be picked up off the ground in Cornwall. The vast majority of the '"natural resources" that appear on the map were industries that required manpower to produce. If the salterns at Whitstable aren't fit to be represented, then neither should the salterns in western Ireland.
 
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Having the Pale as a English vassal is kinda weird, considering it refers to the Irish lands hold directly by the English crown it would be better for England to control the locations around Dublin and for the ones on the south to be an anglo-irish vassal(the lordship of wexford)

The Irish holdings of the English Crown were officially the Lordship of Ireland, in personal union with the English monarch. That's why it's shown as a separate state.
 
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They're meant to represent Norman lords who moved to Ireland, intermingled with the local customs (and women) and 'went native'. Many had at best tenuous loyalty to England and were mostly autonomous

As the saying went, they became more Irish than the Irish.
 
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Also, I'm thrilled to hear we're getting a full English localisation, since Johan said previously that locations would all have native-language names! That's been one of my biggest gripes in recent Paradox games :)
 
In the case of the Bradford example in your map, we would lose Bradford and have to replace it with a no-name village that nobody has ever heard of. In these cases we have erred on the side of preserving more recognisable names and more important places based on rough cardinal directions of the county, even if they are not satellite-correct.

Replacing Liverpool with 6 locations or Sheffield with 4 locations is not what we want to do here either. If we go too granular the game basically becomes impossible to manage.
Not wanting to create too many locations is definitely understandable, but I do fool like some parts of the areas East Anglia and Northumbria could use some touches :)
 
Since nobody is giving scotland some love, i will :D

Many of the locations given didn't exist in the places given, or didn't exist for most/all of the time period. Here's my ideas (didn't touch the impassable terrain):

View attachment 1148666

Fully behind this. Maybe, while you're at it, change Cowal and Kintyre to be named after individual settlements, as with majority of mainland locations.

Cowal > Dunoon. Largest settlement. Dunoon Castle has only just recently been sieged by Edward Balliol, and it won't be the last siege of the game's timeframe.

Kintyre > Tarbert. Then largest settlement. Of strategic importance. Fortified to guard the isthmus and counter the Isles. Else, Kinlochkilkerran (Campbeltown).
 
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Not sure where your logic that it shouldn't be a resource comes from? Sheep didn't magically appear out of the ground in East Anglia, nor was tin waiting to be picked up off the ground in Cornwall. The vast majority of the '"natural resources" that appear on the map were industries that required manpower to produce. If the salterns at Whitstable aren't fit to be represented, then neither should the salterns in western Ireland.
You may be right and maybe split of RGO vs building is done differently from how I see it, but then every coastal location (or inland brine spring) in the world can produce salt with no additional goods input, I find it very strange for the balance.

What I was thinking is that there is a lot of difference, and it comes to resources - I compare it not to Ireland (as I don't know how salt was gathered there) but to other places we've seen in the maps already, being usually large ponds with progressive evaporation or salt marshes. With salinas in warmer climates, there is almost no material input, sun and temperature is making brine stronger to the level where salt is scraped and there is (rather low) work associated with them, mostly to operate sluices and collect salt. They exist is specific places where natural conditions allow for it.
Salt production in the way it was performed in England is not bound by natural conditions, every coastal location can do it - you put water into vats and boil it in the ‘open pan process’. Amount of work that the sun can do it limited and can produce only brine, not salt and amount of fuel that is to be used is getting harder and harder to ignore.
 
I am seeing Anglo-Irish culture
View attachment 1148871


Is it some sort of cultural mixing mechanic, or when English men move to Ireland their culture changes to Anglo-Irish? Or it's just a name for a culture
I'm pretty sure that's to represent the "Yola" people. Basically the English that arrived after the initial Norman conquest. They remained distinct from the Irish till the 1700s but they eventually assimilated into Irish culture since they largely remained Catholic and from my understanding saw themselves as Irish rather than English.
 
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It's been said, but I do agree with those saying that the province density of England in particular, especially compared to countries previously shown, is particular low. Just my thoughts
 
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I would maybe rename 'Anglo Irish' culture to 'Hiberno-Norman' to represent the original English settlers who arrived during the Norman invasion of Ireland in the 12th century with 'Anglo Irish' perhaps being better suited as an emergent culture which could appear if a Protestant England attempts to reassert control in Ireland at a later point. This would allow the Hiberno-Normans to increasingly oppose English rule as occurred historically and would highlight the differences between the 'Old English' and 'New English'.
 
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Following on from my earlier post, I have two more changes (still without thinking about impassable terrain).

locations.png


1. Separate Peebles. I didn't realise there were 17k+ people living there at the start of the game as per Vispian's post, so I think it's big enough to include. Probably wool.

2. By fudging borders around, Clackmannan (or Kinross) can fit in western Fife and southern Perthshire.
 
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To begin, a hearty thank you to all the development team for your excellent work on Project Caesar! I have loved following the development of this game, and words cannot express my enthusiasm, though they will certainly be used in an attempt to do so.

I'd like to put a suggestion for the addition of another province to Ireland, namely to separate Cairbrigh (Carberry) into two locations, Beara (Béarra) and Baltimore (Dún na Séad). While this may seem pedantic, I believe it would be an important addition to Munster which would provide intrigue and drama to players there, and is also rooted in history.

While the O’Sullivan (Ó Súilleabháin) family was indeed in an advantageous position in Cork and Kerry of the 14th century, they weren’t unopposed in the area, and were actually relative newcomers in Southwest Munster, after being expelled from around Leinster. They were rivaled by a nearby clan more ancient and which would be of greater import to history, the O’Driscoll (Ó hEidirsceoil) clan.

At the time of Project Caesar’s start, the O’Driscolls were down on their luck, the only living descendants of the Dáirine, or the Corcu Loígde, which were mythic kings of Munster. Regardless of the legends, the O’Driscolls were a small clan without many allies, losing men to both the Eóganachta and the Anglo-Normans. In fact, Baltimore would become an economic threat to the power of the English in Waterford City, and the O’Driscoll clan would ally with the local powers of the county.

The O’Driscolls would become some of the richest pirates in Ireland for centuries, eventually one of their number being knighted by Elizabeth I, Sir Fineen O’Driscoll, clearly exhibiting the family’s continued presence in Southwest Cork. To go from opposing the dominance of the Anglo-Norman hegemony to being knighted in service of the English crown represents how the family adapted to survive.

Baltimore (Dún na Séad) is a location which has been represented in many prior paradox games, and serves an important place in the early modern history of ireland as a thriving pirate base for centuries. Additionally, the O’Driscolls perfectly exhibit the spirit of the Irish as you understand them, in a “moment of change”. This tribal clan would make alliances and betrayals to survive in the face of overwhelming opposition.

Even today, the descendants of the O’Driscolls organize a festival in Baltimore. As one of their number, I felt as if I would be remiss not to humbly argue for the addition of my ancestors.

Some of my sources:

Kelleher, Connie. "Pirate ports and harbours of west Cork in the early seventeenth century." Journal of Maritime Archaeology 8 (2013): 347-366.

Ibrahim, Vivian. "Sailors, Merchants, Migrants: From the Sack of Baltimore to World War II." Muslims in Ireland: Past and present (2015): 27-48.

Rodger, N.A.M. (2004) [1997]. The Safeguard of the Sea. A naval history of Britain, 660–1649. Penguin Books. p. 349.

Wikipedia contributors. "O'Sullivan family." Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, 9 May. 2024. Web. 16 Jun. 2024.

Wikipedia contributors. "Dunasead Castle." Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, 11 Apr. 2024. Web. 16 Jun. 2024.
 
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