Comte Johan of Majorque 02/01/867 - 08/07/869
So it was that on the 2nd of January 867, Comte Johan officially began his role as Crown invested ruler of Majorque. His initial days though likely busy, were taken up with tours of the island and audiences with its prominent citizens. His position prior to elevation is unknown but we can perhaps assume a certain lack of knowledge in regards the inner workings of the Mallorcan government.
News of war reached Majorque in January 867 though not from Amir al-Mu’minin Muhammad of the al-Umawi Imara (Muhammad I of Cordoba) as had been feared. Instead the war was to the north with King Lothaire V of Lotharingen declaring a Lotharingi-Aquitainian Holy Roman Unification War against King Louis II ‘the Stammerer’ of Aquitaine.
- Roi Lothaire V of Lotharingen (Lothair II)
Given that King Lothaire’s father Lothaire IV (Lothair I) had previously ruled over vast swathes of Europe (including Lotharingen and Lombardy) as the Holy Roman Emperor it is wholly natural that reunification of the Empire would be his goal. The only complication was that all the rulers of Europe from Aquitaine to Baiern, and the lands between, were born of the same line. Europe was a web of claims and Imperial desire, within days of the first war, King Charles II ‘the Bald’ declared on Lothaire V seeking himself the crown.
The disputes of the Carolingian Dynasty however were of no real import to the small Balearic Islands. Their only worry was that with their King distracted by a familial war, Cordoba may be encouraged to seize the islands chancing that troops may not be released to defend the islands.
In January sword-master Ffernfael ap Meurig arrived on the island to take up his role as an instructor to Comte Johan. Ffernfael was of noble birth and heir to the welsh county of Gwent, he had left the British Isles and traveled mainland Europe offering his services at various times as a mercenary, instructor and commander. His brother Brochfael, current Tywysog of Gwent, having sired no sons by the age of 31 (though being father of two girls) had banished Ffernfael from his lands for fear his heir take his inheritance into his own hands.
- ffernfael ap Meurig (Heir to the county of Gwent and sword instructor to the Comte)
The Lotharingi-Aquitainian war continued on the mainland. An Aquitainian army of some 3500 men clashed with 4500 Lotharingi near Viennois on the Aquitain-Lotharingen border. The battle was fought in May 867 in the midst of unseasonal weather, heavy snow and temperatures well below freezing. The Aquitainian army was routed with losses of almost 2000, while the Lotharingi army, whose losses were less than one thousand, remained to siege the border counties.
- Prince-Bishop Bernoin (Aquitainian Commander) & Comte Eberhard (Lotharingi Commander)
Peace reigned still on Majorque with neither threat nor raid from Iberia or Africa. Gold slowly grew in the Mallorcan treasury and while ground level infrastructure improved there were no significant building works undertaken.
In acknowledgment of his rule Comte Johan was named Grand Ecuyer (Master of the Horse) by his Liege Comte Bernard. While a minor title it did confer some measure of prestige to both the Compte and Majorque itself.
The Aquitainian defeat raised concerns in the Balearics as with almost half of the Kingdom’s standing army defeated the Kingdom’s ability to defend itself and its borders may be questioned. In a bid to foster good relations with their Muslim neighbours Comte Johan sent Chancelier Folc on a diplomatic mission to the court of Amir al-Mu’minin Muhammad in Qurtuba.
- Amir al-Mu’minin Muhammad (Muhammad I of the Caliphate of Cordoba
The first recorded incident in which Comte Johan was required to exert his authority involved the crime of poaching. The island of Majorque had few species of indigenous wildlife, owing in part to the vegetation. As a consequence strict laws were in place limiting hunting of the rabbits and civet cats found across the island. A number of the farmers from the flat central plains of the island are recorded as petitioning the Comte following discovery of high number of butchered carcasses.
- Farmers petition the Comte with concerns of poaching
The task of discovering the culprits was delegated to Spymaster Alvar and Marshall Radulfo who following a number of weeks of investigation successfully identified the men responsible. Fragments of the court records which remain suggest that the poachers would sell the meat to Menorcan merchants though this cannot be verified.
The sentence passed, however, is known and that was death by hanging. Comte Johan, preceding the sentence being actions is quoted as addressing the observers and stating the following;
- ‘The theft of a rabbit may seem to be a small thing, but is it a small thing to steal food from the mouth of your neigbour? The bible would say nay, and so therefore do the laws of Majorque. The punishment cannot be anything other than death.’
- The poachers are found and sentenced to hang by Comte Johan, to the approval of Spymaster Alvar
As the moved transitioned into 868 the Lotharingi-Aquitainian war rattled on lacking any decisive engagements. The two armies avoided each other entirely and continued to siege the border counties which did little to give either side the advantage.
February 868 yielded some changes to the Mallorcan Council. Though a just and efficient administrator Comte Johan seemingly lacked energy in his actions, this coupled with the year of peace being enjoyed on Majorque meant he had made no developments in his personal combat training.
Having found his time empty Ffernfael considered leaving the island and returning to the mainland, given the man’s skill and noble descent this was was undoubtedly a cause for concern on Majorque. A reshuffling ensued and Radulfo de Barcelona was removed as Connetable (though installed as a commander) and Ffernfael named the new Marshall.
Peace and, relative, prosperity thrived on Malorque and so with gold to spare Comte Johan sought to organise a summer fair in the capital of Palma. Across May and June much rejoicing ensued, at its heart was a celebration of nature and fertility. The Comte’s wife Agnes took an active part in the fair;
‘To thin branches of pine had the Comptesse tied, with green ribbon, sprigs of Rosemary which were given, freely, along with a smile to any of the desiring womenfolk’
A full chronicle of the event was not recorded but it is believed that an Adoptionist preacher was expelled from Palma for stoking religious fears.
- Though enjoyed by all, the Summer Fair was not without it’s problems
In June 868 concerns were raised at the lack of reports being sent from Chancelier Folc in Cordoba. From what we are able to discern Folc was enjoying the opulent decadence of the Cordoban Caliphate a little too much. Comte Johan sought a suitable replacement and following discussions with Connetable Ffernfael sent word to the Briton’s acquaintance Aethelgeard that he had a position in Majorque if he would sail to Cordoba and relieve Folc;
‘Goodman Aethelgeard, know that your faithful friend Ffernfeal has spoken highly of your skill with word and language. As Comte of Majorque I offer you employment as my Chancelier, should you accept this request sail with speed to Qurtuba in Cordoba and relive your predecessor. Ensconce yourself in the court of the Emir and speak to him of our desire for peace and trade, ever are we open to friendship. For all the praise Ffernfeal speaks of your sin, we are a land of God and so I pray you do not abse yourself of the flesh, as I am informed is your proclivity.’
Comte Johan’s missive was successful as Aethelgeard prompty accepted the offer.
- Aethelgeard, the new Chancelier of Majorque
At this point it is worth noting that the Lotharingi-Aquitainian war moved in favour of the defender. Harrassed by King Charles ‘the Bald’ on their norther borders the entire Lotharingi army moved north to support the forces there. This left the Aquitainian forces unharrassed and able to continue their border sieges.
With life on Majorque good, Comte Johan turned his attention to Comte Petro. Of the opinion that that unity between the islands could only be good he sailed to Minorque and in doing so met his Minorcan contemporary for the first time in July 868.
We are led to believe that he was less that impressed with the man he encountered;
‘Like a Pagan King does Petro live, wine and food in abundance in his home. Not a smile to be seen on the pinches faces of his ‘subjects’.’
- Comte Petro of Minorque
In August 868 Comptesse Agnes announced she was with child for the second time, news that was joyously met by the Comte and the people of Majorque. During the pregancy the devotion of Comte Johan was plain to see with his doing everything in his power to make his wife comfortable and happy.
- Comtesse Agnes wanted for nothing during her pregnancy, but would it lead to a happy and healthy child?
Having heard nothing from Comte Petro since his visit to Minorque the previous July, In February 869 Comte Johan invited Petro to Majorque hoping to build a relationship and establish some kind of intra-island council.
Comte Petro arrived on 10th February 869, he walked onto Majorque like a peacock. He is described as ‘strutting like a prince’ and painted as an extremely demanding guest, making significant dents in the larder of Comte Johan’s kitchen.
Again the outcome was disastrous, so much so that Comte Johan felt moved to write the following to their Liege, Comte Bernard;
‘My Lord Bernard, may God be with you now and always. My Lord I entreat you to intervene and bring to task your vassal Comte Petro. A most despicable ruler I have not yet met. Minorque, with most humble deference, should be as happy and prosperous as mine own Majorque but for the Comte and his gluttonous desire. Again I beseech you to speak direct with the Comte and steer him towards God and noble rule. Ever am I your humble servant my Lord. May God, the greatest, be with you.’
- Comte Petro of Minorque did not have many admirers on Majorque
Following the visit Comte Johan threw himself into his work and in March 869 organised a full census of his lands and instituted a full accounting of the treasury.
- One of the key factors for the continuing prosperity of Majorque were the administrative skills of its Comte
While Aquitaine continually feared an Islamic influence on the Balearic Islands it was a Christian Heresy which had taken root in the Mallorcan society. Adoptionism was being embraced by the lower classes, though did not seem to have claimed any of the citizens of note. The Comte acted quickly and with the aid of Court Chaplain Folc increased services begun in the hope of returning the coverts to the flock.
- Adoptionism rears its head in Majorque
On 13 June 869 the Comte & Comtesse welcomed their daughter Sybilia, a healthy and by all accounts robust child.
Following a summons from Comte Bernard, Comte Johan arrived in Barcelone for an audience with his Liege.
The main reason for the summons was that Comte Bernard had made the decision to offer that Sybilia de Majorque be betrothed to his son, and heir, Guillaume Gellones. This was an opportunity not to be missed by Comte Johan, the prestige and security which would be bestowed upon his house would be tremendous. Though his house was still young there would not be many that could argue with the decision, the star of Majorque was certainly rising. Its treasury continued to grow and good relationships had been fostered with the Caliphate of Cordoba, these successes could be firmly ascribed to Comte Johan.
- A betrothal was agreed between the Houses of Gellones & Majorque
A fragment of a letter sent from Comte Bernard to Comte Johan following their meeting suggests that there was additional point of discussion;
‘… may be the lesser in size but should not be the lesser in honour. In respect of the bonds between our houses I ask that you deal with Petro as you see fit…’