India has not gained "1k" development in the patch. It was increased by about 20% - 25%.
According to most estimates (though we should note population estimation is no exact science) Chinese population has been about the same (most of the time slightly smaller) compared to India's throughout the centuries.
GDP estimates (which are obviously even more speculative) also usually place both regions on par.
Now it is true we do artificially reduce both regions development for gameplay purposes. If we had not they should both individually have bigger economies than all of Europe combined, however that is not the case after Dharma, just as it was not the case before it
According to most estimates (though we should note population estimation is no exact science) Chinese population has been about the same (most of the time slightly smaller) compared to India's throughout the centuries.
GDP estimates (which are obviously even more speculative) also usually place both regions on par.
Now it is true we do artificially reduce both regions development for gameplay purposes. If we had not they should both individually have bigger economies than all of Europe combined, however that is not the case after Dharma, just as it was not the case before it