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Alfred Packer

Off Again
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Jun 3, 2007
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Czech AAR
1936-1947
Normal/Normal + Bad HOI Player.

Got called into work while preparing this 1st post, so consider this a placeholder and I will begin the action later today.
 
A History of the Czech Soldier in World War II
Prelude to War


In 1936, Czechoslovakia was faced with a series of threats. To the north and west, Nazi Germany was rising, Phoenix like, from the ashes of World War I. Hitler had already expressed the desire to incorporate the Volksdeutsch into the Reich. Czechoslovakia contained a very large German minority. Conflict with Germany was seen as inevitable.

To the south Czechoslovakia faced a bitter Hungary eager to restore their ancient borders, which included all of Slovakia.

Standing between these two threats was a small standing army of 25 divisions. The young nation understood its precarious position early on and this was a surprisingly modernized force, with almost 25% armored and motorized and with some of the finest tanks in the world.
Combined with an alliance with France and various British and Soviet guarantees, Czechoslovakia seemed to be in a very secure position.

President Edvard Benes was concerned about the growing power and vocalized ambitions of his neighbors. Armaments Minister Faulkus proposed an ambitious plan for 1936 known as “Plan 50.” The goal was to increase the Army to 44 Divisions and to build a first rate air defense force of 4 air divisions.

Technologically, the plan was a success. A Basic Multi-role fighter was ready for production by May 1, 1936. In that same year, the General Staff developed a new Mobile Artillery Doctrine and muti-barrelled AA guns were deployed for the first time.
From a production standpoint, however, “Plan 50” was a total failure, with only 30 Active divisions and no air units at all. Despite Faulkus’ reasonable claims that the delays were related to the strength of the divisions raised, (each was provided with an additional brigade of support units) a sacrifice had to be made for the failure and Benes chose Faulkus. He was replaced with Emil Franke, who would worry more about making numbers than the “quality obsessed” Faulkus.

1936 1/1/1936 Plan Actual `+/-
Army 25 44 30 (14)
Infantry 18 30 23 (7)
Motorized 2 3 2 (1)
Mountain 1 3 1 (2)
Panzer 4 8 4 (4)
Air Force 0 4 0 (4)
 
1937

1937 saw the “Franke Plan”, with army targets set at 47 Divisions and an ambitious plan for 6 air units. Once again, technological advances continues apace, with Blood Transfusions discovered and the General Staff developed a Combined Arms tactical doctrine.

Militarily, Franke’s plan was as big a failure as Falkus’. Only 5 more divisions were added, two of them overstrength units already in training when Franke took over and three Militia divisions.
What saved Franke’s job was the air force. 2 fighter divisions were deployed into the I. Air Corps, a military and political coup for Benes.

Year 2 Plan - "Franke Plan"
1937 1/1/1937 Plan Actual +/-
Army 30 47 35 (12)
Infantry 23 28 25 (3)
Motorized2 3 2 (1)
Mountain 1 1 1 0
Militia 9 3 (6)
Panzer 4 6 4 (2)
Air Force 0 6 2 (4)
 
1938

1938 would be a decisive year for the Czech Army, the Czech people and for the whole world.

In March, Austria refused German offers of annexation, but did join in a full military alliance. This allowed the Czech government to breath a sigh of relief. The German alliance might surround Bohemia, but it was not the German nation. This development, Benes was later quoted as saying, gave him the strength to resist in his own test against Hitler.

By May, more than 50 German divisions were stationed on the Czech border. Nazi provocateurs were active in the Sudetenland, stirring up ethnic Germans against the Czech government. Martial law was declared in July, and more than 300,000 soldiers were deployed into the border provinces, to restore order and to act as a warning to Hitler.

In response to the deepening crisis, the Army continued to grow, with expensive Medium Tank divisions balanced against cheaper militia units.

By August, the Czechs had deployed 42 divisions in three armies. Facing them were around 60 German units. The Hungarians remained blissfully quiet.

This rising level of tension could not last forever. In September, things came to a head. At Munich, a conference Benes was not invited to, Chamberlin agreed Hitler’s Sudeten demands, returning home with an informal agreement he called “Peace in our time.” Without Britain’s support, the French abandoned the Czech nation to its fate.

Hitler demands the Sudetenland or war. Evdard Benes, in a memorable, yet bitter, speech to Parliament declares “Mr. Chamberlain was mistaken. His scrap of paper was not peace, but abject surrender. The Czech people have struggled too long and have sacrificed too much to simply lay down and surrender in order to hide the guilty conscience of our ersatz-allies. If Mr. Hitler wants a war, then by God he shall have one!”

Hitler backed down.

The Sudeten Germans agitated strongly for liberation, with Nazi “help.” Reprisals on both sides lead to a state of suppressed Civil War in the contested areas. The country was damaged, but remained intact.

Jezek replaced Derer as Minister of Security. The respected Crime-fighter pledged to bring order, peace and security to Germans and Czechs in the Sudetenland. He did succeed in curbing the worst excesses, but now the Hungarians and Germans stirred up the Slovakian people and, of course, Hitler had never truly given up on the Sudetenland.

With over 20% of the population (mostly Slovak and German nationalists) openly opposing the "oppresive" Czech government, Benes knew his success was not unqualified.
 
January 1, 1939 - September 15, 1939

In early 1939, Austria “descended into civil war,” at least in the words of the German army sent to “restore order.” The Austrian parliament, surrounded by German tanks, voted unanimously to join with Germany. 20 more divisions were stationed on the Czech border.

In March, the Germans demanded and received Memel. In response, the British and French extend their protection to Poland and enter into a defensive alliance.

To a Czech nation and army left to fend for themselves when Hitler came calling, this is perceived as nothing more than an insult.

By September 1, 1939, when all the sabre rattling and posturing came to a head and German tanks rumbled across the Polish border, Benes felt pretty good about Czechoslovakia’s situation, sure they were outnumbered, with 53 Divisions, compared to 149 German Divisions and only 3 Fighter Div. Compared to 30 German air units, but with French, British and Polish support, the Czechs felt this was their one best chance to save themselves, for if Poland fell, the Czech border would be impossibly extended and Hitler’s demands were quite clear.

On September 15, 1939, the Czech Parliament declared war on Germany, in support of Poland.

OOB 9/15/1939:

1.Army – Field Marshal Kreji (defensive/minor offensive-Winterberg.Karlsbad region)
156,000 soldiers (20,000 Militia)
- II.Corps – Lt. General Luza
o 3 Infantry Divisions
- IV.Corps – Lt. General Ingr
o 3 Infantry Divisions
- VI.Corps – Lt. General Huarek
o 3 Infantry Divisions
o 2 Artillery Brigades
o 1 AA Brigade
- IX.Corps – Lt. General Prchala
o 3 Infantry Divisions
- XII.Reserve Corps – Lt. General Bartos
o 2 Militia Divisions
- Army Reserves
o 3 Infantry Divisions
o 1 Mountain Division
o 1 AA Brigade
o 1 Engineer Brigade

2.Army – General Votruba (defensive only – Troppeu/Reichenberg region)
182,000 soldiers, 400 T-35 Tanks (70,000 Militia)
- III.Corps – Lt. General Blaha
o 3 Infantry Divisions
- VII.Reserve Corps – Lt. General Homola
o 3 Militia Divisions
- X.Reserve Corps – Lt. General Gajda
o 2 Militia Divisions
- XI.Reserve Corps – Lt. General Elias
o 2 Militia Divisions
- I.Tank Corps – Lt. General Kutlausr
o 2 Tank Divisions (T-35)
o 1 Motorized Inf. Division
- Army Reserve
o 4 Infantry Divisions
o 2 Artillery Brigades
o 1 AA Brigade
o 1 Engineer Brigade

3.Army – General Syrovy (Offensive Operations – Austria Region)
189,000 soldiers, 800 Tanks (200 T-34, 200 T-35, 400 T-40) (30,000 Militia)
- I.Corps – Lt. General Hasal
o 3 Infantry Divisions
- V.Corps – General Vojcechosky
o 3 Infantry Divisions
o 1 AA Brigade
o 2 Engineer Brigades
- VIII.Reserve Corps – Lt. General Viest
o 3 Militia Divisions
- II.Tank Corps – Lt. General Rychtrnoc
o 2 Tank Divisions (T-34/T-35)
o 1 Motorized Inf. Division
- III.(H)Tank Corps – Lt. General Koutnak
o 2 Tank Divisions (T-40)
o 1 Motorized Inf. Division
- Army Reserve
o 3 Infantry Divisions

527,000 soldiers, 1200 tanks

Czech Military plans: 2.Army – hold defensive positions. I.Tank Corps is to reinforce any trouble areas. 1.Army – hold positions in north, advance in south to guard 3.Army’s flank. 3.Army-invade Austrian territories, then spin west and link up with the French army in Bavaria.
 
9/15/1939 - 9/21/1939
2.Army/IV. Corps siezed Nuremburg in the early hours of September 18th. The advance took the Germans completely by surprise and the city fell without a struggle. At the same time, 3.Army/II. Tank Corps attacked Linz

The Battle Of Linz (9/18/1939): II. Tank Corps (2 Armored Divisions and 1 Motorized Division) face off against a single German Division. The Germans, caught by surprise are totally overwhelmed. With losses of only 300 men, the Czech tankers captured over 3000 Germans and forced the defenders to flee in disarray. The II. Tank Corps charges on, reaching Salzburg on the 20th. From their, they motor on towards Munich.

The Battle of Nuremburg (9/18/1939-9/21/1939): IV. Corps was attacked by 2 German Infantry Divisions in an evening attack on 9/18. The 3 Czech Infantry Divisions,, though still pacifying the city, fought back vigourously, (one of which, fresh from Linz, was at 70% strength). IV. Corps blunted the German counter-attack, but was unable to make any headway until reinforced on the morning of the 20th with 1.Army/XII. Reserve Corps (2 Militia Divisions). Perhaps in an open field, the Militiamen would have been cut to pieces, but the Germans were already shaken by the Czech invasion and by their inability to push them from Nuremburg. The flank assault, even by half-trained, poorly equiped reserve troops, served to rout the shocked Germans. While the Germans lost almost 18,000 soldiers (a third of them captured in the rout), In the battle, the Czech army lost around 5000 men, most of them regular infantry.

The Battle of Vienna (9/20/1939-9/21/1939): III. Heavy Tank Corps (2 Med. Tank Divisions, 1 Mot. Infantry Division) advance on the old Austrian Capital, defended by 3 fresh German Infantry Divisions and the defenders of Linz (70%). The over-stretch Czech tanks aren't able to manuever well in the tight old city streets. The outnumbered Czech Infantry are driven out of the city as well. The defeat costs the Czech army some 9000 of their most elite soldiers as well as 120 of the T-40 medium tanks, roughly a quarter of the Tank Corps' vehicles. German losses are negligable in this first land defeat of the Czech Army.

The Air War (9/15/1939-9/21/1939): I. Air Corps, covering the garrison in Winterberg, is severly mauled by 5 German air fleets, losing 22% of their aircraft, over 88 fighters out of a total strength of 400. The Germans lose around 70 airplanes, but they muster over 30 air units compared to 3 for the Czech Air Force.

II. Air Corps is completely grounded after being mauled by German air units over Vienna. They lose over 70 aircraft as well, leaving the unit at 60% strength.

The air war is virtually over. Despite the Czech gains on the ground, the air losses did not bode well for their war effort, especially in combination with two other developments in the political arena.

Politics (9/15/1939-9/21/1939): Edvard Benes' became furious at the French, screaming at their ambassador in a virulent exchange. The Poles were holding off the bulk of the German Army, but they could not stand forever. The Czech Army, at great risk, had advanced into southern Germany. The German army was distracted and heavily occupied. Benes begged his allies to attack and finish off their enemy. The French Army mustered over 100 Divisions and they were facing only around 8 German garrison divisions.

The French agreed to a joint advance on Munich, but not a single French soldier crossed the Rhine. It was an opportunity missed and the Czech soldiers, fighting for their lives, never did forgive their allies' inactivity.

On the same day that Benes was exchanging harsh words with the Ambassador, Hungary joined the war on Germany's side. Czechoslovakia faced a certain invasion from the south.

 
Yeah that Hungarian entry will definitely hurt! Poor Bene%
 
9/22/1939 - 9/23/1939

German forces numbering 9 Divisions assaulted Nuremberg in the early morning on the 22nd. Defending the city were the IV Corps and XII Reserve Corps, consisting of 3 Infantry Divisions and 2 Militia Divisions. The units were not yet dug in after the fierce fighting the day before and the regular units were down in strength. By 9am of the 23rd, the city was once more in German hands. Though overmatched, the Czech army fought hard, inflicting around 10,000 casualties on the German forces, though at great cost. Over 4,000 militiamen and another 3,000 regulars were lost in battle. The divisions of IV Corps had been particulary hard hit over the last five days, with nearly 30% of the soldiers dead, missing or wounded since the war began.

At the same time the Czech Army was streaming out of Nuremberg, the Hungarian Army invaded and siezed the province of Kosice. 2.Army/I Tank Corps was already en route to secure the Hungarian border and was diverted to a counter attack.

Better news came from the southwest where II Tank Corps continued what the tankers called their "Bavarian Tour" as they charged into undefended Munich.

The losses in Nuremberg and the Slovak regions (as well as German preparations for an assault on Troppau) caused a general halt to be called on II Tank Corps advance.

The French continued their inactivity.

The Poles continued to give ground, grudgingly, to the overwhelming German forces ranged against them. Until now, with Czechoslovakia guarding their southern flank, the Poles were able to rely on a narrow front defended in depth. Hungary has changed all that. The strategic position has begun to look untenable for Poles and Czechs alike.
 
I see that the time covered by each update is compressing. Will the next one be about what happens during a single hour?

And Hungary is quite the spoiler. Hopefully losing Munich for a while at least will hurt the Germans a bit.