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theowovsk

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Sep 5, 2024
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  • Hearts of Iron IV: Cadet
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  • Hearts of Iron IV: Expansion Pass
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  • Europa Universalis IV
The hesychast controversy
The hesychast controversy occurred between Gregory Palamas, arguing for mystic forms of monasticism, and Baarlam of Calabria, arguing for a more realistic, Aristotelian approach. Hesychasm heavily influenced Orthodox Christianity and further separated it from the western church. There should be an event chain relating to it in 1337. Here is how it could look:
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The first event, to spark things off. Here you get two options, support Palamas, or support Baarlam. These choices will influence the next events in the event chain:

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The first option is if you supported Palamas, while the second option is if you supported Baarlam. There is no tooltip explaining what each event does, as that would be a matter of balancing for the devs.

The final event would look something like this:

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There is a law in the Patriarchate IO concerning this. It looks like this:
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If in the council of Constantinople you chose hesychasm, you would adopt the "Hesychasm" policy, while if you chose the second option you would adopt the "Aristotelian thought" policy.
Hesychasm would further spread by event until all orthodox patriarchates set a law regarding it.
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Ecumenical councils

When changing an important policy such as "Christology", you would need to invoke an "Ecumenical Council" International Organization. Here is how it would look:
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The interface is taken from the Ilkhanate IO, but you get the idea. All orthodox patriarchs, and all orthodox nations would participate, in this case byzantium, georgia, bulgaria and cyprus. The IO would vote similarly to the catholicism IO
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When the ecumenical council ends, it would change the law discussed in all orthodox patriarchates.

Ecumenical councils are necessary because it is impossible for any orthodox religious figure to simply "decide" to change an important law without consulting with all bishops. This is what differentiates orthodoxy from catholicism.
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The patriarchate problem

Patriarchates don't always correspond to countries. For example, if Byzantium takes Antioch, Antioch will not be under Constantinople's juridiction, but will still be their own patriarchate. How does paradox intend to adress this?

My solution is to have Antiochene, Roman, Jerusalemite and Alexandrian patriarchates tied to a building, thus being a building based country. similar to a "cardinal seat".
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This building automatically creates a "Patriarchate" that rules the province, in this example, this building is owned by the Jerusalem patriarchate, as indicated by the flag in the top right corner. When an orthodox or miaphysite country takes control of a patriarch seat, the building-based country has an event to convert to the religion of its owner, the AI would always convert. This isn't a perfect system, but if Paradox wants to accurately portray how orthodox christian administration works, all the patriarchates mentioned in the ecumenical creeds must keep existing, as dismantling them would be high heresy, and not portraying them would defeat the purpose of portraying patriarchates.

When an orthodox country conquers rome, this building would automatically be built in that location.

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To further enhance this mechanic, every time a patriarchal seat is conquered, you get an event like this. First option gives the building-based country a vassal that actually rules the land, as mentioned possible in the tinto talks. I don't know if you can vassalize building based countries, but if not, the vassal could just become yours and adhere to the patriarchate IO instead.
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Further flavor

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Mount Athos is the center of orthodox christianity. It should have a unique building, like St. Peter's basilica.

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When an orthodox country takes the location of Rome, this privilege is given instantly. This would provide a challenge to convert catholics in Rome.

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A government reform available to patriarchates after Antioch, Rome, Constantinople, Alexandria and Jerusalem are owned by an orthodox country and majority orthodox locations.

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...And other small flavor for christian religion like this

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I made this tread specifically to give illustrations to potential additions for orthodoxy in EU5. Paradox promised us the greatest strategy game, and told us to be ambitious. We are incredibly excited for this game, and want religion to feel vibrant, active, satisfying and historically accurate, and important. I would especially emphasize the need for ecumenical councils, extraterritorial patriarchates and the Palamas controversy which fits so well within the game's start.

I will be further expanding on this post, especially since we haven't got the orthodox tinto talks yet. Feel free to add feedback, and suggest flavor or mechanics for the orthodox religion in the comments
 

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Hopefully patriarchates like Antioch and Alexandria will be allowed to exist without needing a country. I'd also like a patriarchate mapmode like we got in CK2, it probably won't be as useful in eu5 but it's fun to see where jurisdiction is on the map.
 
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Hopefully patriarchates like Antioch and Alexandria will be allowed to exist without needing a country. I'd also like a patriarchate mapmode like we got in CK2, it probably won't be as useful in eu5 but it's fun to see where jurisdiction is on the map.
Maybe there could be a building based country, like holy orders or such? There would be buildings covering the historical extents of the patriarchates. These countries wouldn't do much, but potentially vote on the ecumenical council IO that I proposed.

Perhaps the buildings of the patriarchates could employ orthodox clergy to give something in return. Thus, Muslim nations in the levant, for example, would be incentivized to let the christian population survive, so that they could work on those buildings.

Everything outside of the extent of the historical patriarchates is fair game, and would be assigned to the patriarchate that conquered them. It would be cool if you could create a patriarchate for your subject, too.
 
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Great work! I would love to see the character of Barlaam of Calabria more expanded. He is very interesting. He is mainly known for the hesychast controversy, but he also took part in the East x West controversy and I would say it was his main focus throughout his life and the hesychast controversy only arose for him occasionally, because Gregory Palamas criticised what Barlaam said about the procession of the Holy ghost (I believe the issue was that Gregory used the experience of the hesychast monks to argue against Barlaam). Barlaam discussed about the controversial questions with legates of John XXII in Constantinople, during which he started arguing with Palamas, then he proposed a plan for union to the Romans, then he was sent to Avignon where he presented his plan to Benedict XII but was likely refused, then he returned to Constantinople, was condemned for his anti-hesychast teachings and then he got frustrated with the orthodox church and turned catholic out of spite (at least that is my interpretation) he returned to Avignon, taught Petrarch Greek and spat out the usual catholic propaganda abandoning his previous refined argumentation. It would be cool if there were some events about him, where you could send him to try to negotiate a church union, if you expel him, he could appear in Avignon and maybe help pope with research or something.
 
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Great work! I would love to see the character of Barlaam of Calabria more expanded. He is very interesting. He is mainly known for the hesychast controversy, but he also took part in the East x West controversy and I would say it was his main focus throughout his life and the hesychast controversy only arose for him occasionally, because Gregory Palamas criticised what Barlaam said about the procession of the Holy ghost (I believe the issue was that Gregory used the experience of the hesychast monks to argue against Barlaam). Barlaam discussed about the controversial questions with legates of John XXII in Constantinople, during which he started arguing with Palamas, then he proposed a plan for union to the Romans, then he was sent to Avignon where he presented his plan to Benedict XII but was likely refused, then he returned to Constantinople, was condemned for his anti-hesychast teachings and then he got frustrated with the orthodox church and turned catholic out of spite (at least that is my interpretation) he returned to Avignon, taught Petrarch Greek and spat out the usual catholic propaganda abandoning his previous refined argumentation. It would be cool if there were some events about him, where you could send him to try to negotiate a church union, if you expel him, he could appear in Avignon and maybe help pope with research or something.
I agree, the papal states could have some scripted events about him, but in orthodoxy he is mainly remembered as the antagonist to saint Gregory. Regarding catholicism, I wish paradox made the cardinal and conclave system more politically intriguing, but I don't feel qualified to give an opinion of how it could work, lol. There should also definitely some mechanic to unify both churches, but difficult to do regarding balance.
 
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I agree, the papal states could have some scripted events about him, but in orthodoxy he is mainly remembered as the antagonist to saint Gregory. Regarding catholicism, I wish paradox made the cardinal and conclave system more politically intriguing, but I don't feel qualified to give an opinion of how it could work, lol. There should also definitely some mechanic to unify both churches, but difficult to do regarding balance.
By "church union" I mean some sort of rapprochement of the two churches not an actual union. The game does not really seem to support alternate history scenarios in church matters so I think that reunification of the east an west is too much for it. I can't really see it happening in the game time frame: The easterners were too mad after the horrible things Latins did to them in 1204 and after so they would not be open to a compromise and the popes tended to have a massively overblown ego since at least the 6th century, which had become pretty much the norm by the later middle ages so that the only thing they would accept would be basically a total submission of the easterners. I remember reading a historian who apparently believed that this was so obvious that he wondered why did Barlaam even suggest that pope should abandon his claims to infallibility given that it was obvious that he could never accept that. There could be however something like in EU IV where if you dismantle the institutions of the other side enough many nations of the other side will convert to your religion. Byzantium had such a mission that required converting Rome and a lot of catholic provinces to orthodox.
 
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Ecumenical councils are necessary because it is impossible for any orthodox religious figure to simply "decide" to change an important law without consulting with all bishops.
And one has therefore not been called since 787 - unlike said Catholics. It makes little sense to make a mechanic off an action that wouldn't have even happened within CK3's time frame much less EUV's. You could make synods a replacement mechanic but they would be much more local and often party to a specific issue between those who'd make up the synod.

Hesychasm seems a lot more like Byzantine flavour than Orthodox mechanics tbh.
 
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And one has therefore not been called since 787 - unlike said Catholics. It makes little sense to make a mechanic off an action that wouldn't have even happened within CK3's time frame much less EUV's. You could make synods a replacement mechanic but they would be much more local and often party to a specific issue between those who'd make up the synod.

Hesychasm seems a lot more like Byzantine flavour than Orthodox mechanics tbh
Since the orthodox religion in EU5 contains policies such as "Accept tenet of essence" "Accept tenet of person" and "Dual nature", an ecumenical council is required to be a feature because it simply isn't possible for a patriarch to change these laws by himself. Having such policies implies the possibility of changing them, unless paradox intends on having them as static policies with no alternatives, which I doubt. Synods could be complimentary, but ecumenical councils are a required feature to accurately portray the religion in EU5.

Also, the fourth and fifth council of Constantinople are viewed as having similar authority to ecumenical councils. EU5 is a game, where you can choose to make your own path. Ecumenical councils weren't called simply because orthodoxy chose not to change its fundamental tenets, but in EU5 you might choose to alter something, as indicated in the policies for the orthodox religion. Also, is it that difficult to program an action that spawns an international organization where the sole purpose of it is to have countries vote on an issue?

And yes, hesychasm was legitimized by byzantine politics. But the Greek church exerted an enormous amount of influence on all the other churches. The affirmation of hesychasm changed the relationship between the orthodox and the catholic countries, and hesychasm spread itself to be practiced by all the orthodox churches.
 
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EU5 is a game, where you can choose to make your own path.
A game rooted in real history. Despite multiple theological controversies both within and between nations nothing close to a council was called was ever called. I won't be surprised if those aspects you listed are unchangable or issues of prudence/liturgy not dogma and as such wouldn't need a council/are national issues in the first place. As a mechanic (not an event) it makes more sense to have Catholics have an ecumenical council system rather than the Orthodox in terms of translating things that actually happened into game systems.

In terms of Hesychasm it was impactful but it sounds more like a Byzantine centred event chain rather than a religious mechanic. The Albigensian Crusades is a similar event in terms of religious conflict (though far more violent depending on how you link the 1341 civil war to religious divides) but that wouldn't be a Catholic mechanic in the game but an event chain affecting those involved that everyone else hears about the outcome of.
 
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This is a fantastic post. I'm hoping to see the controversy and its effects be a defining part of Orthodox play in the early game.

That said, I have a handful of issues with the portrayal you're going with.

The hesychast controversy occurred between Gregory Palamas, arguing for mystic forms of monasticism, and Baarlam of Calabria, arguing for a more realistic, Aristotelian approach
If in the council of Constantinople you chose hesychasm, you would adopt the "Hesychasm" policy, while if you chose the second option you would adopt the "Aristotelian thought" policy.
This is a common way of framing the debate, but incorrect by most modern scholarship. It wasn't 'Mystical Hesychasm' vs 'Realistic Aristotelianism'. That's a stereotype which has been falling out of favour for years, now. Both sides quoted Aristotle extensively, and to claim one side had anything approaching a monopoly on having Aristotelian influence is a misrepresentation. Rather naming the opposing sides after their figureheads would be more neutral and accurate - Baarlamites vs Palamites.

Some of the modifiers you have aren't making sense to me, either. I'm not sure why Baarlamites would be more humanist, or Palamites more spiritual. Both were spiritual movements, and should both be on the same side of that spectrum. Being non-spiritual should mean losing some of the benefits of a either outlook. And I don't see why you have true faith acceptance for one and not the other. Neither side seems like it was proposing for more acceptance of non-Orthodox beliefs. Both of these modifiers don't seem based on the actual movements at all.

I also deeply dislike using the term 'realistic' to describe either movement. Both were realistic to their believers, so it takes away any neutrality from the description to say that one is realistic as it implies the other is in some way unrealistic by comparison.

For the council mechanic, I'd recommend using a term like 'Religious debate', rather than Ecumenical council for the Orthodox. The latter is a technical term, and the last Ecumenical council recognized by the Orthodox was hundreds of years before this game is set. Otherwise I agree with the suggestion.
 
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A game rooted in real history. Despite multiple theological controversies both within and between nations nothing close to a council was called was ever called. I won't be surprised if those aspects you listed are unchangable or issues of prudence/liturgy not dogma and as such wouldn't need a council/are national issues in the first place. As a mechanic (not an event) it makes more sense to have Catholics have an ecumenical council system rather than the Orthodox in terms of translating things that actually happened into game systems.
Catholics already have a "council of trent system". Also, why would the devs make orthodoxy have generic, unchangeable aspects? What would differentiate orthodoxy from all other christian denominations who believe in Chalcedon? That seems like a lazy and flavorless design
In terms of Hesychasm it was impactful but it sounds more like a Byzantine centred event chain rather than a religious mechanic. The Albigensian Crusades is a similar event in terms of religious conflict (though far more violent depending on how you link the 1341 civil war to religious divides) but that wouldn't be a Catholic mechanic in the game but an event chain affecting those involved that everyone else hears about the outcome of.
The albigensian crusades were military conflicts, while Hesychasm is a doctrine. The game takes during an important period for orthodoxy, and while Hesychasm may be a bit too byzantine-centered for some, its better to have it as a policy than to have "Dual nature" or "accept the tenet of essence" as the gift for the players choosing to play an orthodox nation.
 
This is a common way of framing the debate, but incorrect by most modern scholarship. It wasn't 'Mystical Hesychasm' vs 'Realistic Aristotelianism'. That's a stereotype which has been falling out of favour for years, now. Both sides quoted Aristotle extensively, and to claim one side had anything approaching a monopoly on having Aristotelian influence is a misrepresentation. Rather naming the opposing sides after their figureheads would be more neutral and accurate - Baarlamites vs Palamites.
Fair point. The biggest difference would be the essence vs energies distinction, then? Don't you think affirming that distinction is worthy of being implemented in the game as a distinct orthodox christian policy?
For the council mechanic, I'd recommend using a term like 'Religious debate', rather than Ecumenical council for the Orthodox. The latter is a technical term, and the last Ecumenical council recognized by the Orthodox was hundreds of years before this game is set. Otherwise I agree with the suggestion.
What would be the differente between an ecumenical council and a "religious debate" concerning trinitarian formula and christological nature?
 
What would differentiate orthodoxy from all other christian denominations who believe in Chalcedon?
Wouldn't know. I expect there to be other mechanics I'm just not expecting and would be surprised ecumenical councils to be it. Especially with the historically focused bent they're going with for release at least.
The albigensian crusades were military conflicts, while Hesychasm is a doctrine.
My point was that both religious conflicts violent or otherwise (and Hesychasm was a conflict and debatably a violent one) are localised events who's fallouts may have had wider impact but not much value in terms of mechanical gameplay for their religions. Even your followup around it being a policy fits into another mechanic than something I'd call a mechanic itself.
 
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