This pretty much has to be a Steam or local problem, as the game itself is not involved in installation in any way.
Make sure steam.exe is in all exceptions lists of your antivirus app.
If that doesn't help, Please do a full clean re-install of Steam and game:
- move any valued save games elsewhere
- "uninstall" in Steam-Vic3
- exit the Steam app completely
- manually delete both the Steam/SteamApps/common/Victoria3 AND Documents/Paradox Interactive/Victoria3 folders
- delete everything in the Steam folder EXCEPT steam.exe and the SteamApps folder
- run steam.exe to rebuild all that
- re-install game in Steam, run a Steam Verify when done.
- add Victoria3.exe to the exceptions list of your antivirus app; ESPECIALLY if you have Windows Defender, add it to the Ransomware "Apps Allowed Through" list.
- start the game with no mods active and test
Good luck!