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Developer Diary | Opposition Iran

Generals!

It’s Synth here, good to see you again! I hope you’re ready for our latest report in Graveyard of Empires! Last time we explored the historical events that took place in Iran during World War 2, as well as the potential alt history that lay within a strong Iranian Empire. This time, we take a look at what the opposition had to say in regards to the Pahlavi Dynasty. Buckle up soldiers, we’re going to be exploring the Democratic, Communist and Fascist paths and see what kind of alternate history awaits us.

From what we saw in history, Iran maintained its monarchy all the way through to the 1970s, but as with all nations, it was never a cut and dry case. In the 20th century, ideology took a forefront in modern politics, and Iran was no stranger to concepts such as communism and fascism. Today, we are going to explore a few what if scenarios, in which the Shah was faced with a strong enough opposition to change the trajectory of Iran on the world stage. Without further ado, let’s hop right in!

(A disclaimer: there may be some placeholder art for the time being)
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Is being a King of Kings not your cup of tea? Well, we have a wide selection of ideology for you!

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Taking power is not so simple. You must build your opposition first.

Before we dive into any specific branch, you must first establish your national front. Doing so will unlock a decision in which you can decide where to place your ‘headquarters’ should a civil war break out (And let me be real with you folks, it probably will). This will make that state your capital when you decide to go to war with the Shah, giving you a good foothold for your new government.

This will allow you to then take some more decisions through the next focuses, which will help you to lower support for the Shah and establish opposition groups in various states that will join you on the onset of a civil war.

From this point, you must then decide which ideology you want to use to spearhead Iran into the future.


Rallying Behind Mosaddegh
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I love democracy, I love the Republic…

Have you heard the tale of Mohammad Mosaddegh? He was a prominent Iranian politician, author and lawyer. To this day, he remains one of the most popular figures in Iranian history. In the context of Graveyard of Empires, Mosaddegh is the man who will spearhead our democratic movement in Iran.
As the democratic Iranian player, you will have the choice of either restoring and maintaining constitutional limits on the Shah, allowing him to serve as a figurehead, or instead work towards a republic, which will inevitably result in the Shah’s deposition. Whilst forcing an abdication will result in a civil war no matter what, if you are able to garner enough democratic support, you should be able to avoid conflict and quietly become a full democracy if you instead decide to enforce a constitutional monarchy.

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I’m sure the Shah won’t mind…

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Oh yeah, he probably will mind…

At this point, you are now a democracy, and it is time to open up free elections and decide who you want to lead your nation. You will have three options, each with their own perks: Mohammad Mosaddegh, Mohammad Ali Foroughi, and Abol Ghasem Kashani.

If you choose to follow a constitutional monarchy, there will also be an option to strengthen the power of the Islamic clergy, and generally reject overt westernization. This won’t result in a take over, but it will ensure that religion will continue to have a place within your new government.

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It always comes down to oil, doesn’t it?

There are two ways in which foreign policy can go when playing democratic Iran. One will take you down a path of anti-colonialist movements in the middle east (which I will touch on after the communist branch, as both ideologies can take this), and joining up with the Allies. The latter will allow you to secure Iraq and Afghanistan to have a better control over the region and ensure that the middle east remains democratic. Like I said, I will discuss international solidarity a bit later, but first let’s take a look at the communist branch of Iran!


The Rise of the Tudeh
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Red, as far as the eye can see

The Tudeh party was an Iranian communist party that had considerable influence in their early years of operation, including playing an important role alongside Mosaddegh in the attempts to nationalize the Anglo-Iranian oil company. Following the occupation of Iran, however, they became very pro-Soviet, which we have reflected here in the tree. The other option is to follow the Iran Party, which was not as far left as the Tudeh were, but also played their role as part of the backbone of the ‘National Front’. Even though their membership never exceeded the several hundreds, they remain a potential route to take in your efforts to bring the communist revolution to Iran!
In order to proceed down this path, it is crucial that you reach out to the Kurdish and Azerbaijani separatists, promising them independence once you have taken power. Once you carry out your revolution, you will have a certain amount of time to deliver on your promise of independence or they will try and take it from you by force!

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Plans must be laid following your revolution

Following your rise to power, it is time to make some decisions on what to do. Given the proximity towards the Soviet Union, regardless of whether or not you align with them directly, you will be working closely with them. After working on restructuring your industry and making changes to your country, the path of the Iranian communist tree becomes a lot more focused on building a military and engaging in foreign policy.

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That’s a lot of collaboration…​


In order to keep up with the military behemoth of your communist neighbour, the latter part of this branch focuses on collaborating with them in order to strengthen your military technology. This should help the Iranian communist player prepare for any threats to their new ideology.

On the flip side, we can finally talk about international solidarity!

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It’s time to de-colonize!

This little sub-branch is shared by the communist and democratic tree, and will give you the opportunity to cause a little chaos in the region. For many years, European powers have held colonial dominance in the Middle East, and now it is time to disrupt their great game and expel them from these lands. Don’t get it entirely twisted, however. There are gains to be made here, after all, if these lands are under your “protection”, then they won’t be in the hands of the great empires either.

These focuses will give you an opportunity to de-stabilize your immediate neighbours and solidify a sense of control in the region. Afterwards, you can encourage resistance in the border lands and eventually stake your own claims around the Persian gulf, replacing the external imperial powers with your own hegemony.


Under New Leadership

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The path to Iranian Fascism

Historically, the hyper-nationalist party SUMKA was not formed until the 1950s, under the leadership of Davud Monshizadeh and was directly inspired and reflective of the leadership of Germany during World War 2. In the context of our branch here, they will be formed early and will be the main party leading this new fascist Iran.

First we begin by uniting those with nationalist sentiments and collate them into forming SUMKA. Whilst this brings a hit to stability, it will start to tick favour to be more in line with fascism.

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March of the shocktroopers

By organizing shocktrooper marches, more of the military will join your side when your coup begins, meaning you can overwhelm the Shah with numbers, ultimately leading to an easier grab for power. However, there is also the option to sway the elite in Iran to your side. When the war is over and you have secured power, it will give you an opportunity to select a new Shah who will be more sympathetic to your cause, relegating him to nothing more than a figurehead.

With that under way, it is time to take your stand.

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An empire fractured…


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Expanding outwards

After a brutal civil war, it is time to rebuild your nation into something more befitting of a hyper-nationalist and fascist regime. You can enforce secularism, which will cause a dip in support, stability and research for a while, but will ultimately allow you to spearhead new technologies through a research slot. You may also establish your own secret police to maintain order in your new nation.

Eventually though, you will need to make a choice. Will you side with the nationalists in Germany? align yourself with the Japanese Empire? Or go your own way and develop your own fascist bloc? Either one of these will allow the Iranian player to begin intervening in their neighbours business, staking claims on Turkey, Iraq and Afghanistan, before eventually turning your gaze towards the pesky communists to the north.

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Germany or Iran? Who will bring the New World Order?

After forming Greater Iran, you have a few choices ahead of you. Sow discourse in the Middle East, by flaring tensions between the Arab nations and turning them against each other. Turn your gaze to India and deal with the fracturing of Imperial power in the region. But ultimately, there is one final boss to deal with…

There can only be one fascist superpower in the world, and if you have your way, it will not be Germany.


Welcome to the Graveyard of Empires
And that, Generals, brings me to our conclusion. As you can see, we have given you a myriad of options to play with when it comes to this absolutely fascinating country. Whether you defend yourself against aggressive invaders; build an empire founded on national pride; or bring Iran into a new age of democratic, fascist or communist ideologies, there is something for everyone.

I truly hope you all enjoy playing these four nations when they release with Graveyard of Empires, as we had a blast making this content for you and exploring an often forgotten part of the world.

As always, have a great day, have fun, and I’ll see you all later!

-Synth
 
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This is really bad...national front shouldnt exist here, instead the democratic opposition must be a power struggle inside the constitiutional regime between reza shah and the more democratic figures tho not mossadegh bc at that time he was pretty much a nobody. This is also where muhammad reza's branch must be in not in the alt pahlavist route. Instead the SUMKA path must not at all be there bc they historically literally helped bring down mossadegh and national front although all of that is much later. Fascist-adjacent ultranationalists of the time were loyal to reza shah and the only reason they stopped being so was reza shah's repeated concessions to allies and gradual distancing from germany so instead such a path must be in alt reza shah branch exactly in pro-german sub-branch(which btw needs more stuff for cooperation with italians and japanese too)where it again branches to either make iran fully national socialist under monshizadeh or reza shah co-opt them and makes pahlavi dynasty fascist.

Oh and boy...the communists, they prolly need their own whole post as to what can be there and how much oppurtunity is lost for communist iran content...
Saying that Mossadegh,a renowned member of the parliament for 3 decades before the game start,was a nobody at the time is preposterous.
 
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Also British Raj:

Original: "India: The Raj is the jewel of the British Empire, rich and strategically vital. However, a growing independence movement threatens to disrupt the war effort and dissolve the empire. A large focus tree focused on the struggle of Indian Independence offers many alternate historical paths, including the revival of the East India Company as a corporate nation, as well as the possible freedom of the Princely States and the formation of Pakistan and Bangladesh."

Versus: India: The Raj is the jewel of the British Empire, rich and strategically vital. However, a growing independence movement threatens to disrupt the war effort and dissolve the empire. A large focus tree focused on the struggle of Indian Independence offers many alternate historical paths, including the revival of the East India Company as a corporate nation, as well as the possible freedom of the Princely States, restoration of the Mughal Empire and more.

The former heavily implied that we could play Pakistan and Bangladesh. I don't mind them changing, things. But then they should say so. Doing it quietly, always stinks of trickery.

Pakistan and Bangladesh are still very much part of the Indian narrative (and thus can be freed). You could also play them I suppose, like most releasables. Ironically I would say, that line was removed due to adding content after the first version was written - not because stuff was taken away.
 
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Pakistan and Bangladesh are still very much part of the Indian narrative (and thus can be freed). You could also play them I suppose, like most releasables. Ironically I would say, that line was removed due to adding content after the first version was written - not because stuff was taken away.
Would there any events to play as them in their independence war against India/Raj?

I know that Pakistan and Bangladesh has no custom focus trees, but optional availability would be cool for players who seeks for more challenges in ironman games, and anyway it fits the sandbox part of the game, right?
 
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Agree. In my East Indies mod, i implemented that by looking at the prospecting decision's flag.

The corresponding foci would add decision flag (in whatever amount) to the prospecting decision. So that if you're completing the focus, you would not need to prospect it further if the decision flag is already reached its limit.

I hope you can get what i'm trying to say, because decision flag is there for prospecting decision that can be taken more than once.

Yeah, that's the general idea:
taking a resource-prospecting Decision without the required tech or factories by doing a Focus,
or
bypassing a Focus that gives you resources by waiting until you have the tech and factories to take a resource-prospecting Decision.
 
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I'm a bit disappointed that there is no extra-Islamic path. Even though the Islamic revolution was in the 70s, I think it would have been fun to try and create a path that did something somewhat similar, put all power in the clergy and focus on Iran as a bastion of Shi'a Islam. Perhaps be able to form a pan-Shi'a state that had Bahrain, Azerbaijan, Lebanon and Iraq. I'm not saying we should be able to put a 40 year old Khomeini in charge of Iran, but we should totally be able to put a 40 year old Khomeini in charge of Iran, even if it wouldn't make much sense as he wasn't even a majra' at the time.
 
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but we should totally be able to put a 40 year old Khomeini in charge of Iran, even if it wouldn't make much sense as he wasn't even a majra' at the time.
There are other Ayatollahs in HoI4's timeframe, duh.
 
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I'm a bit disappointed that there is no extra-Islamic path. Even though the Islamic revolution was in the 70s, I think it would have been fun to try and create a path that did something somewhat similar, put all power in the clergy and focus on Iran as a bastion of Shi'a Islam. Perhaps be able to form a pan-Shi'a state that had Bahrain, Azerbaijan, Lebanon and Iraq. I'm not saying we should be able to put a 40 year old Khomeini in charge of Iran, but we should totally be able to put a 40 year old Khomeini in charge of Iran, even if it wouldn't make much sense as he wasn't even a majra' at the time.
If we can turn the Pope into the head of state of a major power, no reason why we can't do the same thing with the Ayatollah.
 
If we can turn the Pope into the head of state of a major power, no reason why we can't do the same thing with the Ayatollah.
There was not really a senior cleric to fit into a Khomeini-style role in this time period. Khomeini himself was alive and a cleric at this time but his ideology was not fully formed and he was not yet a senior cleric so it really just wouldn't fit with the timeframe. The Islamic Revolution had a lot to do with being a reaction to a view of a hegemonic, secular western capitalist culture which I don't think we can say exists in the 1930s as fascism and traditionalism were still quite powerful forces around the world.
 
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There was not really a senior cleric to fit into a Khomeini-style role in this time period. Khomeini himself was alive and a cleric at this time but his ideology was not fully formed and he was not yet a senior cleric so it really just wouldn't fit with the timeframe. The Islamic Revolution had a lot to do with being a reaction to a view of a hegemonic, secular western capitalist culture which I don't think we can say exists in the 1930s as fascism and traditionalism were still quite powerful forces around the world.
There was the Goharshad Mosque rebellion in 1935, from there you can easily construct a path towards a clergy rule. The Clergy across Iran sees the Shah as a new Yazid, builds networks, forms cells in military, the Fedayeen are formed early (Historically in the 1940s) and start killing Shah officials. Then a civil war and the clergy forms a council to govern the country or pressures a Marja into becoming the figurehead.

Edit: The Politicization of the Clergy began 1890 with the Tobacco Protest, also during the constitutional revolution in 1906 the clergy played a big role. So according to past PDX standards it can definitely be a path.
 
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Pakistan and Bangladesh are still very much part of the Indian narrative (and thus can be freed). You could also play them I suppose, like most releasables. Ironically I would say, that line was removed due to adding content after the first version was written - not because stuff was taken away.
And that is okay, just maybe have some community manager make a short post, that it was changed. In the case of Iran, the change is a bit odd though. I just have been burnt way too many times with games removing/changing information on the store page without any further information, that even as a PDX fanboy, I feel uneasy when that happens.
 
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Dude I am Iranian too and consider myself a hardcore Pahlavi monarchist. Yes I too do not view Mosadegh favourably, and yes I agree with you.

But my man, this is a game and people like to play a myriad of different scenarios and I know you and I are gonna enjoy our Pahlavi Iran runs so let's just do that.
How tf does this being a game make mosadegh not a hated figure? I'm answering the dev diary, they called mosadegh one of the most popular figures in Iranian history, that's simply not accurate at all. I'm not asking for him to be removed, if you like to put him in charge of your Iran go ahead, just don't call that man popular.
 
Saying that Mossadegh,a renowned member of the parliament for 3 decades before the game start,was a nobody at the time is preposterous.
My friend i think you may need to consider re-learning basic math bc i dont think 4 years of being member of pariliament before retiring and being irrelevant all the way until reza shah's abdication in 1941 amounts to 3 decades of being member of parliament given that 30 decades means a span of 30 years not 4 years.
 
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I saw in the stream that Gholam Yahya Danishian is a general in 1936 that makes no sense, he was 30 years old and not in the military. The same is true of Ja'far Kavian, 36 at game start the latter was even in prison and then in internal exile from 1937 on-wards. He even has an English Wikipedia page. Please PDX fix that. Give Iran some more generals and make those two disappear behind communist civil war focuses.
 
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There was the Goharshad Mosque rebellion in 1935, from there you can easily construct a path towards a clergy rule. The Clergy across Iran sees the Shah as a new Yazid, builds networks, forms cells in military, the Fedayeen are formed early (Historically in the 1940s) and start killing Shah officials. Then a civil war and the clergy forms a council to govern the country or pressures a Marja into becoming the figurehead.

Edit: The Politicization of the Clergy began 1890 with the Tobacco Protest, also during the constitutional revolution in 1906 the clergy played a big role. So according to past PDX standards it can definitely be a path.
There was still no such thing as Velayat-e Faghi.
 
My friend i think you may need to consider re-learning basic math bc i dont think 4 years of being member of pariliament before retiring and being irrelevant all the way until reza shah's abdication in 1941 amounts to 3 decades of being member of parliament given that 30 decades means a span of 30 years not 4 years.
You could say that for like 80% of the famous constitutional figures.
 
There was still no such thing as Velayat-e Faghi.
Yes, but compared to PDX ideas like Native Americans take over Chile before liberating all of America, the East India trading Company coming back like some kind of Davy Jones Ghost Ship, or the Mughal empire reforming, or the Timurid empire making a comeback after 600 years. A group of ambitious clergyman rallying the discontented against the Shah and then taking power is not that far off.
 
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You could say that for like 80% of the famous constitutional figures.
Say what? You claimed that mossadegh was a prominent member of parliament for three decades before the start of the game which was a hilariously blatant lie then i explained you about how he only had a brief career in the 20s before completely vanishing from political landscape of iran all the way until 1944. So tell me exactly which part of this can be said about the rest.
 
Say what? You claimed that mossadegh was a prominent member of parliament for three decades before the start of the game which was a hilariously blatant lie then i explained you about how he only had a brief career in the 20s before completely vanishing from political landscape of iran all the way until 1944. So tell me exactly which part of this can be said about the rest.
Well he was famous enough that the group around Mohsen Jahansoz wanted him to become ruler of the country, after their supposed coup. He had retired from politics in 1925, but he was a well-enough known figure, since he had spoken out against Reza Khan becoming Shah. He also had his connections.
 
I hope your Islamic Revolution hidden path (though I assume it will branch from the democratic path focus, 'Promise Clergy power') will not be counted as a democratic government. It should lead to an authoritarian theocracy.

It would be a disrespect to Iranians who have given their lives over the past decades in our fight for democracy.
 
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