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HOI4 Dev Diary - Portugal

Olá everyone and welcome to another dev diary for La Resistance! Let me begin by introducing myself: My name is Manuel, I’m from Spain and I joined Paradox as a Content Designer for HOI a couple of months ago (just on time to attend PDXCON, yeah!).

I’ve been working on the implementation of Portugal for La Resistance. The original design of the focus tree was made by Portuguese professor Pedro Santos. He came with what I consider to be a really interesting idea, where the political branch of the tree has multiple possible interactions with the Spanish Civil War.

While I worked on Portuguese Events and Decisions, the whole tree was implemented by our producer, Vachon (big kudos to her!). We tweaked the design of the Focus Tree a little bit, specifically the communist branch, which we felt was a bit dull compared to others, and the SCW-related branches to make them properly interact with Spain. Now I’m the one who will polish the tree and will attempt to get rid of all those lovely bugs our great Betas are reporting. Talking about Betas, our freelance artist @Indyclone77 is the one to blame for all the wonderful Portuguese event pictures and new icons you are about to see in the focus tree and national spirits, he has done an amazing job not only in making all that cool art, but also in providing crucial feedback during the development, so big kudos to him as well!

Before going on, please note that balancing is still a work in progress, so there may be changes in what you are about to see.

So I’d like to start talking about the National Spirits Portugal will start with in 1936:
  • Unreliable Army: Representing the poor state of the Portuguese army during the period of the First Republic, which historically led to a major reorganization in 1937, it provides some penalties to Division Organization, Recruitable Population Factor, War Support and Division Attack, so you want to get rid of this before entering any conflict (probably not the best idea to join the Spanish Civil War only to see how your disgusting Spanish enemies defeat your unprepared troops and occupy your precious mainland in a blink...).

  • Unstable Republic: During its 16 years, the First Portuguese Republic saw the inauguration of nine presidents and 44 cabinet reorganizations. Even during the Ditadura Militar there were several failed coup attempts. In 1933, after Salazar’s creation of the Estado Novo and the new Constitution approved in a referendum, Portugal’s stability slowly increased (maybe the censorship system and the different police forces that repressed all kinds of dissidents also helped a little bit with that). So another no-good spirit applying penalties to your Daily Political Power Gain, Stability and Construction Speed. You will be able to remove it through the different political branches, and you will probably want to do it ASAP.
01 Initial NSs.png


Now let’s look at the Portugese Focus Tree and talk about the different paths a player can choose from:

02 Focus Tree.jpg


As you can see, the general structure varies a little bit from the standards of other trees, where you have clear separate branches for industry, military forces and politics.

Let’s start with the colonial branch, shall we?

Through the first focuses, Portugal will receive big bonuses to non-core manpower that will prove really useful in the early stages, since Portugal’s initial manpower is really low. The player can then choose between integrating the African colonies (which will also provide some extra manpower), or allowing them to form their own governments and puppeting them (something that will be appreciated by other democracies in the world).

There is also a sub-branch that joins the industrial one, developing industry and infrastructure in the African colonies.

03 Colonial Branch.png


Regarding Industry, by continuing the public works initiated by Salazar’s regime around the early 30s, Portugal will gain access to the first focus that will provide her first extra research slot (take into consideration that Portugal starts with only two research slots, so it seems just fair for her to get an early focus to fix that). The player can also choose between a fast development of the civilian industry receiving more factories or, with a slower approach, invest in future development getting some nice bonuses to industry research and construction speed.

Portugal can also improve infrastructure and resource extraction industries on the mainland and, of course, there is a focus representing the construction of dams, something Iberian dictators liked very much to do.

And then we have the military industry sub-branch, where the player can get (much needed) military factories and some useful bonuses to production and research for aircraft, vehicles and artillery. Make sure you don’t miss the extra research slot “hidden” between all these industrial focuses!

04 Industrial Branch.png


The first focus on the Naval Branch will unlock decisions to buy ships from either The United Kingdom or Italy. If they accept to build your ships (make sure you have good relations with them before activating the decision!), you will then be presented with three different options to choose from.

05 Purchase Ships Decisions.png


06 Purchase Ships Event.png


The central and left sub-branches focus on Convoy protection and submarine warfare, providing a number of research bonuses for destroyers and submarine warfare, as well as adding a couple of dockyards to boost your naval production. These sub-branches then merge, eventually leading to a focus that unlocks Portugal’s third and last research slot (for a total of five).

The right side of the naval branch is focused on the production of the big ships, as well as fortifying the vulnerable Portuguese possessions in the Atlantic Ocean and Asia.

07 Naval Branch.png


The Army Branch, although fairly small (don’t worry, you will find more military focuses under the Political Branch), will help Portugal to get its army in shape for the conflicts to come. The first focus removes that nasty Unreliable Army National Spirit and leads to some research and production bonuses in the next focuses. Finally, you will have to choose between building heavy fortifications in Lisbon, or creating a light fortification line along the coast.

08 Army Branch.png


Now, let’s take a general look at the whole Political Branch before getting deeper into each of the sub-branches:

09 Political Branch.png


As you can see, you can choose between Popular Front and Estado Novo. The first focus leads to the Communist branches, the latter to the Fascist and Monarchist ones, and both of them lead to the Democratic one.

If you choose to go with Popular Front you will unlock the National Communist branch (to the left). This sub-branch starts with the training of socialist militias, followed by focuses that will help make your people see the benefits of living in a Communist society. Nationalize Industry will get rid of the private capital draining your country, putting you in control of new civ factories, but also hurting your stability. After the Reorganization of the Communist Party, your country will be ready and willing to have a Communist government, and the Soviet Union will receive a nice opinion modifier boost on you, which should help you joining the Comintern via the next focus.

The Popular Front also unlocks Support the Republic, allowing you to support the Republicans and send volunteers to the Spanish Civil War, it leads to two different sub-branches:
  • To the left, we have a “radical” approach to the Spanish Civil War. Workers of Iberia, Unite! will trigger a Civil War in Portugal, in which both sides will instantly join their Spanish counterparts (I mean, you do not have a proper civil war unless you have 6 different tags fighting in it). After (presumably) winning the SCW along with your comrades in Spain, you will be able to unify the Iberian Peninsula, annexing the Spanish Republic. Finally, you will be able to create your own faction and appeal to the Latin American countries to join you.
10 Workers of Iberia NS.png

  • In the right, we have the “cautious” approach to the Spanish Civil War. Here you won’t be able to join the SCW until you have swapped to a communist government. It’s a much slower approach, but after the war, you can pick different focuses to interact with foreign countries, including one that will grant you a war goal against Spain, in case their ideology is no longer desirable for you.
11 Fight Alongside  the Republic Decision.png


If you go with Strict Neutrality you won’t be able to interact in the SCW, but you will gain some nice boosts to your industry, production and Democracy support via the British, as well as some recurrent decisions to purchase equipment from them.

11 bis Democratic Leader.png


You will then allow free elections, swapping to a Democratic government and unlocking not only focuses to join the Allies, but also some shared focuses with the communist branch and the right-wing shared focus Iberian Summit, which unlocks the decisions by which Portugal and Spain can jointly send a petition to join the Axis or the Allies together.

12 Iberian Summit Decisions.png


13 Iberian Summit News.png


In case you go with Estado Novo, you will have to choose between Strict Neutrality (mentioned above), Support the Nationalists and the Monarchist branch.

Support the Nationalists, as its Republican counterpart, will allow you to support Nationalist Spain and send volunteers in the Spanish Civil War. You can join the SCW against the Republic in further focuses, and also intervene in Spain after the civil war if the Spanish government does not match your ideology.

13bis Fascist Leader.png


National Syndicalism will pave the way to become Fascist, leading to some interesting focuses: You can either join the Axis, or claim that Portugal will be the nation that finally unites the entire world under the same rule, ideology and faith (this will provide a powerful National Spirit, but it will also annoy some people around the globe).

Refuse the Naval Blockade unlocks a decision for countries at war with the United Kingdom, by which they will use some of your convoys to carry supplies where they cannot reach, increasing their War Support and, of course, diverting the production of one of their factories to meet your needs.

14 Refuse Naval Blockade Decision.png


From there, you can claim the African territories between your Angolan and Mozambican colonies (righting the humiliation of the British Ultimatum of 1890), recover the East Indies and Brazil, and even declaring war on a threatening Japan!

Last but not least, we have the Monarchist Branch. You will start by uniting the Brazilian and Portuguese royal houses (wedding bells ringing in the distance). After that, your goal is to restore the Monarchy not only in Portugal, but also in Brazil, some recurrent decisions will help you in that matter. Once you succeed in that, you will be able to politely ask Brazil to submit under your rule, re-establishing the Empire of Portugal and Brazil.

15 Empire of Portugal and Brazil.png


In the case of a Carlist Uprising happening during the Spanish Civil War, you can support your Monarchist friends in Spain and join the war against all those misguided souls that refuse to bow to the god given rights of monarchs to rule the people.

16 Carlist volunteers NS.png


And that’s all from me, I hope you enjoyed the dev diary and make sure to stay tuned for the next one. Anyways, we wish you all a merry Christmas and very happy New Year. See you all in 2020!

xmas.jpg
 
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To be frank there should be an event in my opinion, instead of a focus. Would be triggered by the USA if they were fighting Germany, with the option of demanding the use of Azores. Portugal would then be able to reply "Give basing rights" or "Refuse basing rights". The Portuguese AI would then be able to choose one or another option depending on it's ideology.

An added extra would be if Portugal and the UK is non-aligned / democratic (and the UK is fighting germany as well) - Britain could offer ships (as it did historically) to sweeten the deal, making the Portuguese AI pick the "Give basing rights" option 100% of the time.
Give them a focus which adds 4 airbases to the Azores, so allied planes can actually USE it for what it was intended, helping to give air cover to the Atlantic Gap. Escort Carriers and Strat bombers were the final phase in providing complete air cover, but CVEs are too damn expensive (the USA pumped out only 100 of them, and gave 50 to the UK) and Strat bombers have pathetic naval attack, however maybe they can atleast be used to provide naval Intel at distances Recon Planes can't reach....however I hope, but it doesn't look like, that Naval Carrier Aviation will provide Naval Intel and spotting bonuses, which is another fail effort from MtG.
 
Welcome aboard, Manuel! Congrats on your first dev diary, and may many more follow!

Happy Holidays to the whole Paradox staff, and all the fans as well, ya lovable bunches of nerds. See you guys next year!
 
Is it to much to ask can I get a dust tactics inspired unit models for alternative history routes. I don't think anyone would complain about some more unit models especially alternate history.
 
Yet another country that did not participate in WW2 gets a focus tree before Greece.

*slow clap*

So do you want a Greek tree to be made in conjunction with a French and Spanish tree instead?
Wouldn't you agree the Greek tree is best to be made with the Italian, and say, Turkish tree in order to have better and more interesting interactions?

The reason Portugal was chosen was because of its interaction with Spain, like the merging civil war feature, it was simply the best opportunity to do it.
And sure, neither Spain or Portugal joined the war, but they were the most likely candidates of the neutral countries that could do so. WWII was not only about the countries participating in it, but also about countries wedging diplomatic relations between the warring factions that could have made a difference, this game is a great place to explore those what ifs.

I agree with you that Greece should have been done first (it's the country I most want to see a focus tree after USSR and Italy), but I don't think you should discredit other potential interesting countries to play as, and from a development standpoint I think it was the correct decision.
Hell, I was of the same opinion about the Mexican tree, until I played it and its now one of my favorites.
 
Yet another country that did not participate in WW2 gets a focus tree before Greece.

*slow clap*

You do realize that if you're revamping Spain you have to do Portugal at the same time right? Besides, as it's already been mentioned plenty of times, a Italian, Greek, Bulgarian and Turkish expansion is a great idea for a Mediterranean DLC. Don't get me wrong, I'd like to see Greece revamped as soon as possible too, but not doing Portugal with Spain is ridiculous and throwing Greece into a French and Spanish DLC is, quite frankly, stupid.
 
Hi, here is Pedro, the nerdy professor who did the initial design for this Focus Tree, which then Vachon and Manuel did a fantastic job implementing. In fact, I teach Game Design and Game AI at the university, and this Focus Tree was done during a stay working at Paradox.

I would like just to give some extra historical context, most of it available online. Maybe it will help to understand some of the design choices which were made.

[...]

Thank you for this illuminating bit of context. Portuguese history is very fascinating, but there's exceedingly little available on it in English. Granted I did not do an incredibly thorough search, but I could not even find a single English language history book about the Salazar regime published in the past three decades. It's great that this community brings together people of various nationalities and lets us share information that we may not have available in our own language.

I also have to say that the general idea of designing Portugal's focus tree, politically, as a reaction to the Spanish Civil War is fundamentally a good one. With that said, I think I feel confident for speaking for many here when I just mention the one big problem with it, as it has been presented so far.

There is no historical path. Salazar ruled Portugal from 1933 to 1970, and the Estado Novo regime continued on into 1974. Many of us are disappointed that we will not have the opportunity to take the reigns of the historical Portuguese state and guide Portugal into a greater place on the world stage or impact history differently. With such a long lived history and a wealth of things to draw upon, it seems like it is a seriously missed opportunity that Salazar's Estado Novo does not have its own dedicated path in the focus tree.

Secondly, the democratic path occupies a kind of weird position. Its focuses firmly establish it as Pro-British, yet it gets the option to join either the Axis or the Allies. It is curious that a liberal democracy would join the Axis, and is difficult to believe. It makes more sense that a liberal democratic Portugal would align with a liberal democratic bloc, whether it is the Allies or an equivalent that turns up through the game's alternate history options. The flexibility of choosing to join either the Axis or Allies makes more sense as an option given to the Estado Novo, which some argue was outright or quasi-fascist yet retained strong ties to Britain.
 
Is it just me, or is the thought of protugese fascist actually believing that their 92000km² country with 6 million people (back then) could actually unite the world rather funny? :D
Well, this is kinda part of a "prophecy" on Portuguese culture, Fernando Pessoa 5th empire. It was a Empire, like the name says the 5th version of Portuguese empire (at the time of Fernando Pessoa we were in the 4th version, a thing like the third Reich, there was the First Reich, the 2nd Reich and the Third). Anyway, this 5th empire prophecy, wasnt Portugal leading the world in Military and such, but in a "spiritual" way. So, i dont know if this was the intetion when making this focus tree, but maybe this is seen by the fascists as Portugal leading the world in their idiology.

And finally the right Salazar portrait, i have complained since the game came out, that Salazar was looking like the old out of touch Salazar of the 60s, unlike the 30s in which he was in his prime. And nice job Manuel, but there should be a focus to send volunters to Spain in the Civil war, because it did happen, the Viriatos division helped Franco alot and alot of them also joined the Spanish blue division on the invasion of the USSR.
And its nice to see the option to see Rolão Preto and the blue shirts in there, a diferent vision of fascism to Portugal that the Estado Novo regime presented.
What i complain about this focus tree is 2 things. The Estado Novo Regime was already stable and in order and 36 and seems there is no way the focus tree leads to Salazar being in power in the end, like it actually did happen. You guys needs to fix this.
 
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Well, this is kinda part of a "prophecy" on Portuguese culture, Fernando Pessoa 5th empire. It was a Empire, like the name says the 5th version of Portuguese empire (at the time of Fernando Pessoa we were in the 4th version, a thing like the third Reich, there was the First Reich, the 2nd Reich and the Third). Anyway, this 5th empire prophecy, wasnt Portugal leading the world in Military and such, but in a "spiritual" way. So, i dont know if this was the intetion when making this focus tree, but maybe this is seen by the fascists as Portugal leading the world in their idiology.

Sorry mate, but you are a bit wrong. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fifth_Empire - this article explains better the base concept of the 5th Empire. But to all world the 1st empire was the Greek, 2nd Roman, 3rd Christianity, 4th Europa and 5th Portugal. This cames from an interpretation of Daniel 2 and the book of Revelation. On the portuguese version there are more details.
 
Sorry mate, but you are a bit wrong. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fifth_Empire - this article explains better the base concept of the 5th Empire. But to all world the 1st empire was the Greek, 2nd Roman, 3rd Christianity, 4th Europa and 5th Portugal. This cames from an interpretation of Daniel 2 and the book of Revelation. On the portuguese version there are more details.

The order that you said is from the interpretation of Fernando Pessoa.

Daniel 2, 24-45 -
According to this interpretation, we would be in the presence of four empires:
1st) Babylonian; 2nd) Media-Persian; 3rd) Greek; 4th) Roman.

And the reason for the belief of the fifth empire to be portuguese is primarily do to one person, Gonçalo Annes Bandarra born in 1500 during the beginning of the portuguese golden age and the year the first person to be heir to the Kingdom of Castile and León, Aragon, and Portugal died, he was Miguel da Paz.

Had he survived, he'd have united the three kingdoms (Castile and León, Aragon, and Portugal) and created the iberian union peacefully and haft a century sooner (he would have officially be cronwed king of all of iberia after his father's death, historically it happened in 1521) Bandarra's belief in the portuguese being the successors of Rome was not that far fetched during that time, had Miguel da Paz lived it would be most likely a reality.

Note that the portuguese version of this prophecy was changed first by Bandarra (1500 - 1556), later by Father Antonio Vieira (1608 - 1697) and lastly by Fernando Pessoa (1888 - 1935) all of them reformulated it, and every time they did they adepted it to their liking (Bandarra thought of it as a more classical empire, Vieira thought of it as a christian empire and Pessoa as a spiritual empire - rough idea of their points of view ).

Portugal will be the nation that finally unites the entire world under the same rule, ideology and faith

But they seem to be going with all the versions.
 
What was Portugal's capability to build submarines, destroyers, cruisers, and battleships in the 1930s?

I'm not too familiar with Portugal's shipbuilding capabilities.

Limited. Shipyards were mostly for repairing or for the civil industry. Many ships had to be ordered either in Italy or the UK. We also received a few old ships from Germany way before Hitler even took power.

We did produce a few Avisos in our shipyards though. They weren't the biggest but they had the possibility of carrying 1 airplane, usually for non-militar purposes. Also minesweepers, minelayers, torpedo boats, torpedo boat destroyers, and many of the smallest military ships. The ship designation is diferent from country to country, but I believe Portugal was able to produce the equivalent of cruisers and destroyers (in-game as well as irl). We did adapt many ships that were used previously for trading / civil industry quickly for military purposes, when the need arose though (like in the Madeira uprising).

The real problem was that with the Great Depression, the Italian coin devalued quickly, so the Italian shipyards started asking an absurd amount of money in order to produce the ships that had been ordered previously. Salazar refused to pay more than what had been asked initially, so the ships were never delivered. Like Pedro stated, we even had the plans for a seaplane carrier, unfortunately they were just "plans".

P.S: We did have submarines (Portugal was one of the first to adquire them by the way), but, they had to be produced in either Italy or the UK as well. We also had at least a battleship (Vasco da Gama) and even one armored cruiser, which was the most powerful of its kind at the time (Almirante Reis / D. Carlos), but, like the submarines, they had to be made… outside of Portugal.
 
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Serious question - Where and when can i buy that hoi4 Christmas sweater. I need it in my life. Pretty please!
That was the best part of the DD. I'd buy one.
 
Some other national spirits that could be implemented, like in Mexico and the Church, the 1st Republic was anti-catholic and Salazar's regime try to mend that, also church related factions were pro-monarchy and anti-comunist. So Portugal could start with "Formal Relations" to give national unity, anti-commie and pro-monarch, and depending on going, fascist, comunist, democrat, neutral or monarchy neutral, that spirit could change for "Church Purge" or "State Religion". Portugal lost its king in a masonic coup d'etat, and a large portion of the population take a lot of time to accepted it, plus the performance in ww1 and the Portugal "gains", so it could have "Saudade Real" or "King Longing", Salazar himself said his dream job has to be prime minister of an absolut king. I could not see in the tree Salazar's motto "God, Fatherland, Family", but if going for the republican neutral path that shoul be unlock, and also PVDE. Portugal as a long standing alliance with England, so a "Treaty of Windsor" could be a pro-british sentiment spirit(like in S.A., but reverse), depending on the choises it could be Confirm, Revised, Denouced or Broken,(nazi agents in Lisbon often complained to portuguese authorities that when on cinema something pro-britain appeared, the portuguese would applaud, or shout"viva o benfica", not been neutral at all). I don't know if their are any WarhammerTW fans here, but if there are you know that Dwarfs gain objectives with grudges, so Portugal could have some against Spain, France, Belgium, Netherlands, UK and Germany: for all; for Senegal, Congo; for Congo; for Curaçao and West Timor, for Pink Map, India, Singapore; revenge of ww1. When and if Portugal regain control of Brazil a "Imperial Status" spirit. Just for cosmetic, if Portugal gain control of the planet, rename it for The 5th Empire.
 
Are you guys going to add East Timor as a releasable nation for the colonial path for Portugal?

PS: I don't mind contributing files if need be...
I really think they should concentrate on 'releasable' nations that actually existed closer to the timeframe of the game, not 25-30 years after the game ends.
 
<SNIP>We also had at least a battleship (Vasco da Gama)
The Vasco da Gama was not a battleship by any definition. At 2,384-tons she was barely bigger than a destroyer. I will admit she carried a pair of 260mm (10.2-inch) guns, but she was basically a monitor or (in-game) coastal defense ship.
and even one armored cruiser, which was the most powerful of its kind at the time (Almirante Reis / D. Carlos), but, like the submarines, they had to be made… outside of Portugal.
The Dom Carlos I (Almirante Reis) was a protected cruiser, and never the 'most powerful of its kind'. Which is understandable, because the UK (its builder) would never have provided a warship to any nation, even an ally, that was more powerful than its own comparable ships.

The largest ship I can find that was actually built in Portugal (Arsenal de Marinha de Lisboa) was the 1,630-ton Rainha Dona Amélia, a protected cruiser, and even then the machinery (engines and such) were built in the UK. I can't find any submarines (other than the Plongeur mini-subs) built in Portugal. The Pedro Nunes-class sloops (or 2nd class avisos in Portugal) were built in Portugal (ER de Lisboa) but again with foreign machinery (MAN diesels).