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Tinto Flavour #7 - 21st of February 2025 - Bavaria

Hello, and welcome one more week to Tinto Flavour, the happy Fridays in which we take a look at the flavourish content of the new, super-secret Project Caesar.

Today we will be taking a look at Bavaria. Or, to be more precise, at the Duchies of Upper Bavaria and Lower Bavaria, as the Wittelsbach divided their lands among different branches; in addition to these two, the Treaty of Pavia (1329) also established the lands of the Electorate of the Palatinate of the Rhine (best known as The Palatinate) to be ruled by a third Wittelsbach branch.

"The Heartland of the Holy Roman Empire endured the long period of the Great Interregnum and looks to the next decades with worry. In the face of the advancing age of Holy Roman Emperor Ludwig IV. von Wittelsbach, the families of von Wittelsbach, Luxembourg, and von Habsburg once more prepare for a competition for the imperial crown. While imperial authority south of the Alps is deteriorating, German merchants scramble to secure their trade routes into Italy while Hanseatic League are enjoying their dominance over the region of North Germany.

Under the leadership of Holy Roman Emperor Ludwig IV. von Wittelsbach, the Duchy of Upper Bavaria is at the height of its power, as he commands respect and authority among the imperial princes. While the Duchy of Lower Bavaria is ruled by Duke Heinrich XIV. von Wittelsbach, his health is steadily declining due to his leprosy, and his expected early death could lead to a reunification of Bavaria.

With strong relations among the von Wittelsbach rulers of Europe, Bavaria is ready to claim its right to the imperial crown and dominance over central Europe against their rivals in Bohemia and Austria."
Click to expand...

Country Selection.png

You might have noticed that the courtroom is different from other European rulers we’ve shown previously; this is the Throne of Charlemagne, part of the Palatine Chapel in Aachen, used in the coronation of Holy Roman Emperors; thus, is the one used by these rulers. We’d like to eventually keep adding some more unique art, such as the Imperial Crown; but, as usual, please take the UI, 2D and 3D art as WIP.​

Here you have the core lands of Bavaria, divided among Upper Bavaria, Lower Bavaria, and the Palatinate:
Bavaria.png

Don't you love how Bavarians decided to split their lands into multiple polities?​

The position of the Wittelsbach is quite strong, as Emperor Ludwig’s son, also named Ludwig, rules over the Electorate of Brandenburg, thus making the dynasty control 2 out of the 7 Imperial Electorates effectively:
von Wittelsbach.png

Here you can see the lands controlled by the Wittelsbach dynasty, and also their two main rivals for the Imperial Crown, the Luxembourg and Habsburg dynasties.

One of the main objectives for any of the branches of the Wittelsbach dynasty will be to unite these lands, and create/recreate the Kingdom of Bavaria, one of the formable countries that we presented in last week’s Tinto Talks:
Form Bavaria.png

You might have noticed that we fixed the starting country of Bavaria, and now is Tier III, which is the Kingdom rank.​

Let’s start today with the narrative content, namely events, linked to the aforementioned dynastic issues. Early in the game, if the Duke of Lower Bavaria dies of his leprosy, leaving an underage ruler, you might receive this event:
Duchy Lower Bavaria.png

The first option makes Lower Bavaria a vassal, the second directly annexes it, and the third leaves the Duchy on its own.​

If you select either the first or the second option, a follow-up event about the revision of the Treaty of Pavia may trigger:
Treaty of Pavia.png

I promise this treaty is historical, and it's not related to my vanity!​

If we select the second option, this may happen:
Palatinate falls in our hands.png

Wittelsbach lands are reunited! We need to do some fixes for the dynamic localization of the Palatinate of the Rhine to appear properly in all instances, by the way.​

Leading to this outcome:
Bavaria reunited.png

The Kingdom of Bavaria is recreated!​

And you will also get this another event, as you may decide to change your succession law at this moment:
A New Law.png

Cognatic Primogeniture sounds like a more stable law, indeed.​

Besides the Wittelsbach dynastical troubles, other Bavarian dynamic historical events that may be of interest:
Ockham.png

Ockham’s Razor in action!

Codex Bavarica1.png

Codex Bavarica2.png

What about a new Code of Laws?​

This is an interesting set of events. If the player decides to build the Munich Residenz, a unique building will be constructed, also opening the option to get further expansions:
Munich Residenz1.png

Munich Residenz2.png

Munich Residenz3.png

Munich Residenz4.png

Let’s now move towards the structural content of Bavaria. German countries start with this privilege for the nobility, coupled with their succession law:
Right to Inherit.png

Bavaria also has a policy that portrays its itinerant court:
Itinerant Court.png

As the Holy Roman Emperor, Ludwig starts in possession of some unique works of art, the Imperial Regalia:
Coronation Gospel.png

Saint Stephans Purse.png

Imperial Crown.png

Imperial Orb.png

Bavaria also starts with this local work of art:
Marienkapelle.png

Which may be expanded via an event:
Old Marienkapelle.png

Finally, some Bavarian advances, covering from the Age of Traditions to the Age of Revolutions:
Bavarian Dukedom.png

Dreams of Unification.png

One Faith for Bavaria.png

Bavarian Purity Law.png

However my favourite is this one:
Skilled Brewers.png

That unlocks this production method:
Bavarian Breweries.png

Which you can compare with the other PMs for Breweries:
Brewery Production Methods.png

And that’s all for today! I hope you enjoyed it! Next week we will be travelling back to the Mediterranean shores, to the land of Morocco. Cheers!
 
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So here are also some of my suggestions for Bavaria. For the initial situation, it would be most important to represent Henry XIV's leprosy and his son's, John I, poor health, so that Louis the Bavarian would be bound to inherit Lower Bavaria. Obviously, there still should be the possibility to play as Lower Bavaria, so the player could have some leeway here with John I, but the AI should be nearly guaranteed to fail. By the way, Louis was also John I's regent.


1) Works of Art:


2) Buildings:

3) Advances:
  • Upper Bavarian Land Rights (Oberbayerisches Landrecht, 1346, likely the the first written law codex in the HRE that contained all parts of a legal system like e.g. crinimal law, procedural law, civil law and administrative law. It was unpopular with the nobility because it banned feuds.)
  • Bavarian Primogeniture Law (of 1506)
  • Patrona Bavariae (or Boiariae at the time, enables Mary's Column (Mariensäule), Maximilian I declared her the patron saint of Bavaria, intesifying the reverence of Mary even further)
  • Codex Maximilianeus (17th century)
  • Oktoberfest (In honour of crown prince Ludwig of Bavaria's and Therese of Saxe-Hildburghausen's wedding, various different festivities occured in Munich in the autumn of 1810, most notably a horserace organized by Munich's militia. The latter was the origin of the Oktoberfest which from then on took place yearly with the exception of some war years. Since then the Oktoberfest grew bigger and bigger and more and more attractions like lotteries and carrousels were added.)

4) Government Reforms:
  • Kirchliches Polizeiregiment (Maximilian I did not shy away from trying to exert absolutist influence on the Church and drive Protestantism out of Bavaria. Under the advice of Jesuits, he established the ecclesiastical police regiment (Kirchliches Polizeiregiment) in Bavaria. With numerous decrees, he forced his subjects to refrain from e.g. carousing, dancing and gambling, and to attend Sunday services and to observe the ban on meat on certain days. His police regulations of 1616 demanded that the clergy had to urge the people in their sermons to observe the moral commandments. Its strict regulations also included penalties against wild marriages, prostitution and fornication between single people; repeated adultery could be punished with death by the sword. Furthermore, swearing and blasphemy were strictly forbidden.)
  • Bavarian Constitutional Monarchy (The Constitution of the Kingdom of Bavaria from 1818 was the second constitution declared by King Maximilian I as a reform from above. This constitution granted basic rights like personal freedom, access to public offices regardles of birth, the right for property, (partial) freedom of press, freedom of conscience and emigration, but also introduced and independent judicative and bicameral system elected with a census suffrage. Nevertheless, the monarch had a strong position, e.g. the legislative initiative, so that a complete separation of powers was not achieved.)

5) Great Persons:
  • Martin Mair (or Meyer, 1420-1480, important Bavarian statesman and humanist)
  • Johannes Aventinus (the Historian of Bavaria)
  • Leonhard von Eck (Around 35 years, Leonhard von Eck dominated the political, economical and religious life in Bavaria and is considered to be one of the greatest Bavarian statesmen, possibly only bested by Montgelas. The son of a knight studied in Ingolstadt, where he became a humanist, and became duke William IV's advisor in 1514. Since then until his death, von Eck was responsible for anti-reformatory measurements like the Bavarian Religious Mandates as well as an anti-Habsburg foreign policy. With the inheritance of the Bohemian crown by Ferdinand I in 1526, the fears of an encirclement arose. To combat this, Bavaria was carefully manoeuvring between Habsburg and France as well as between the Leage of Schmalkalden and Habsburg, i.e. rather combating the Habsburgs' expansion than the Protestant Reformation. The greatest success of this foreign policy was a treaty in which the Habsburgs had to pay for military access and subsidies by marrying of Ferdinand's daugther Anna to the later duke Albrecht V and the promise of the Palatine Electorate. Though the latter was out of reach because of the political situation in the Holy Roman Empire, the marriage was important nearly two centuries later, when it was used to justify the Austrian Succession War against Mary Theresia. Nevertheless, Leonhard von Eck's manoeuvring foreign policy was the blue print for the Bavarian foreign policy until around 1670.)
  • Philipp Apian - The Cartographer of Bavaria (Philipp Apian, a son of the professor Peter Apian, was just like his father a professor, mathematician, astronomer and cartograph. In 1554, duke Albert V of Bavaria commissioned Philipp Apian to complete Aventinus' Annales Bojorum with a map of Bavaria. Based on this map he also created small tables which Napoleon used over 250 years later during his invasion of Bavaria, because of their undisputed level of detail even well into the 19th century.)
  • Johann Tserclaes, Count of Tilly (Johann Tserclaes, Count of Tilly, was appointed as the field marshal of the Catholic League by duke Maximilian I of Bavaria in 1610. During the Thirty Years' War he commanded the League's troops and successfully won the Battle of the White Mountain defeating the Bohemians and conquered the Palatinate and various other protestant cities. However, his most famous "deed" is the Sack of Magdeburg (some historians argue he had no interest to order it and suggest other persons that could have been responsible for this sack), in which the Protestant city Magdeburg was completly devastated, and more than 25,000 citizens killed. This led to the coining of the German phrase "magdeburgisieren", a synonym for a complete devastation or a horrendous terror. Because of King Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden's advance into the south, Tilly had to return to Bavaria to save the fortress city Ingolstadt, where in the Battle of Rain he was fatally wounded. Until this day he is celebrated as the saviour of Ingolstadt since with his help the Swedes had been successfully expelled for the first time.)
  • Gottfried Heinrich zu Pappenheim (the other general during the 30YW)
  • Georg Petel (sculptor)
  • Asam Brothers (The Asam Brothers, Cosmas Damian and Egid Quirin Asam, were Baroque and Rococo artists and architects. Their stage-like scenery in churches created by synergistic combination of single elements, the so called theatrum sacrum, yielded them fame and commissions across Bavaria, Bohemia, Tyrol and Switzerland. Their most famous work is the Asam Church in Munich which was designed as a confessional church for the youth with a magnificent interior, although the church measures only 22m x 8m.)
  • Christoph Willibald Gluck (composer)
  • Maximilian of Montgelas - Father of the Modern Bavarian State (Maximilian Joseph, Baron then Count of Montgelas (1759 - 1838), was the most influential advisor and minister of the heir to the Bavarian Electorate Maximilian IV. As a freemason influenced by the Enlightment and French Revolution and as a self proclaimed Bavarian patriot, he developed the Ansbacher memoiré which latter on became the basis for his reforms. In 1799, Maximilian IV became new Elector and nominated Montgelas as his leading minister. Among his many reforms were the equality of all Christians, a compulsory school attendance, an independent judicative, a coherent economy policy, a compulsory military service and the creation of an independent civil service and administration. The foreign policy of Montgelas was characterized by opportunistic alliances, so that after the initial Austrian defeat Bavaria joined the French alliance yielding huge territorial gains and the proclamation of the Bavarian Kingdom. This alliance endured just few days before Napoleon's desastrous defeat in the Battle of Leipzig. Bavaria again changed sides and joined the anti-napoleonic coalition, securing all achieved gains. Even after Montgelas' dismissal as minister in 1817, he advised and served the Bavarian Crown until his death. Because of all his achievements he is called the Father of the Modern Bavarian State.)
  • Joseph Fraunhofer (The physicist Joseph Fraunhofer was the eleventh child of a glazier and early on became an orphan. His life changed when his master's house collapsed and he wonderfully survived leading to his support by patrons. Thus after being able to attend school and getting teached in lens grinding, in the following years Fraunhofer developed new sorts of glass and improved existing optical instruments. Precisely measuring the wave length of light with diamonds for which the Fraunhofer diffraction was named after him and the first observation of the Fraunhofer lines of the sun were his important contributions to optics.)
  • Leo von Klenze (famous classicism architect)

6) Events:
  • Treaty of Pavia (Emperor Louis the Bavarian divided his lands between his heirs and his brother's sons in the Treaty of Pavia 1329. From then the Palatinate and Bavaria existed independently from each other until 1777. After Maximilian III Joseph of Bavaria died heirless, Carl Theodor of the Palatinate inherited Bavaria according to a passage of this treaty.)
  • Munich riots (1397-1403, fight between patricians and artisans that also involved the dukes of Bavaria-Munich and Bavaria-Ingolstadt)
  • Agnes Bernauer
  • Ingolstadt University - Frankenstein's University (Duke Louis IX of Bavaria-Landshut founded the University of Ingolstadt with papal aproval in 1472. This university with its quadrivium was among the first German humanistic universities, whereby many famous professors like Johannes Aventinus, Peter Canisius, Johan Eck and Peter and Philipp Apian taught there. Thus initiating a cultural and economic prosperity for Ingolstadt.)
  • Landshut Wedding (this is even replayed today)
  • Miracle in Altötting (The miraculous recovery of 1489 made Altötting renowned and started its long success as Bavaria's main pilgrimage site)
  • Bavarian Religious Mandates (In reaction to the rapid spread of Protestantism, William IV, Duke of Bavaria, and his co-regent and brother, Louis X, enacted the so called First Religious Mandate on the 5th of March, 1522. On the basis of the Edict of Worms, Luther's teachings were forbidden, Bavarian ministeriales had to arrest all Lutherans, and it tried to fight the religious deficiencies together with the Bavarian bishops. As this would have meant for the bishops to start with themselves, they lacked the necessary eagerness. The two dukes reacted with the Second Religious Mandate on the 2nd of October, 1524, in which a commission was instituted to carry out religious visitations, in which printing was only allowed with ducal permission, and in which every liturgical change and studies at the University of Wittenberg were forbidden. This was even before the acquisition of Papal privileges to make visitations in Bavarian cloisters as well as to exercise jurisdiction over priests. Hereby, the dukes were influenced by the theological professor and preacher in Ingolstadt, John Eck. Eck acidentally became one of Luther's most fervorous adversaries, after his private correspondence condemning Luther's 95 Theses was published by a cathedral canon and after he debated against Luther, Melanchthon and Karlstadt in the Leipzig Debate. Although, Albrecht V tried to renew the Religious Mandates after his predecessors' deaths, the validity of the Religious Mandates de facto ended.)
  • The Duke invites the Jesuits into Bavaria (Wilhelm IV became a political leader of the counter-reformation movement in Germany, with close cooperation with the Pope and banning many reformers from Bavaria. In 1541, he invited the Society of Jesus, also known as the Jesuits, to come to Bavaria. This order did great work in reviving the Catholic Church from its headquarters in the Bavarian town of Ingolstadt.)
  • Hans Steininger's Beard (A rarity, of which the citizens of Braunau are not least proud of, is the beard of one of their former magistrates, Hans Steininger, who, as the figure and date at Braunau's Salzburgertor indicate, helped the city to glory less with his insight than with his beard in 1567, which reached close to his toes. This beard miracle is preserved in a more beautiful and lasting way at the parish church, carved into half on a large marble slab. This Hans Staininger had to become the victim of his astonished strangeness; as he once showed his allegiance to a prince, who was passing through, he stumbled over his beard, and, because of the fall, he died soon from the consequences of this injury - as a martyr of his conceited beauty!)
  • Bavarian Academy of Science and Art (After earlier attempts of founding academies, prince elector Maximilian III Joseph of Bavaria founded the Bavarian Academy of Science and laid foundations for the later emerging Academy of Art in 1759. Both had the goal to foster science and art in Bavaria through connecting members and gathering knowdledge and making it accessible under the motto "tendit ad aequum - aspiring the reasonable".)
  • Illuminati (Adam Weishaupt founded the Illuminati at the University of Ingolstadt in 1776. The goals of this secret society was the abolishment of superstition, obscurantism, religious influence and abusement of state power. The fast increase in member numbers, causing turmoils in Ingolstadt, ultimately lead to a ban of the Illuminati in Bavaria. Since then the Illuminati vanished into the underground, so that they were subject of many absurd conspiracy theories.)
  • Frankenstein (In 1818, the book Frankenstein was published anonymously by Mary Shelley and dealt with the artificial creation of a living monster at the then famous University of Ingolstadt and the resulting implications.)

7) Disasters:
Ortenburger Conspiracy (Ortenburger Adelsverschwörung or Bayerische Adelsverschwörung) - (1563/4, rebellion of lutheran nobles under the leadership of the Counts of Ortenburg)
 
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Pavía said:
Today we will be taking a look at Bavaria. Or, to be more precise, at the Duchies of Upper Bavaria and Lower Bavaria, as the Wittelsbach divided their lands among different branches; in addition to these two, the Treaty of Pavia (1329) also established the lands of the Electorate of the Palatinate of the Rhine (best known as The Palatinate) to be ruled by a third Wittelsbach branch.
Click to expand...
1740146492171.png
 
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Since the Bavaria formable is a tier 3 does that mean your tag become a kingdom when forming it? I hope not since Bavaria is in the HRE, also Germany is tier 3 and Prussia tier 2
 
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Haven't finished reading yet, but I couldn't stop myself.

Please, don't put period after Roman numerals, especially indicating monarchs.
I know it was a norm centuries ago, but it isn't now and it's driving me crazy.
 
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