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Tinto Maps #23 - 18th of October 2024 - China

Hello, and welcome to another week of Tinto’s fun Maps. This week it will be a huge one, as we will take a look at the entirety of China. It is a really big area, but it didn’t make sense to split it into multiple parts to present it separately, so we are showing it all at once. So, without further ado, let’s get started.

Countries
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Obviously the territory is dominated by Yuán, with Dali as its vassal. They appear big, strong, and scary, but they will have their own fair share of problems for sure. I will not go into detail into the countries that can be seen further south, as we will talk about Southeast Asia in a future Tinto Maps.

Societies of Pops
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Quite a variety of peoples in Southwest China, as you will see later in the culture maps.

Dynasties
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Here we finally have managed to catch the full name of the Borjigin dynasty in all its glory.

Locations
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Before you ask, there are around 1800 locations in China proper, not counting impassables and barring possible counting errors.

Provinces
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Areas
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Terrain
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You will notice here that there are few locations assigned as "farmlands", that's because when we did this part of the map there was yet not a clear criteria on how we would be defining the farmlands and their placement here hasn't been reviewed yet.

Development
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As mentioned before, the harsh changes of development at the end of China proper is probably too strong right now and it’s something that will have to be reviewed, especially at the Liáodōng area.

Natural Harbors
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Cultures
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There is a lot of cultural variation in China, not only among the sinitic peoples (which have been divided according to their linguistical and dialectal differences) but also having many other types of non-sinitic peoples. The resulting pie chart for the cultures of the country is a wonder to see indeed. And even if Yuán itself is Mongolian, there are actually very few Mongolian people in the country, as only the ruling class would belong to it. That is one other source of further trouble for Yuán.

Religions
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Considering religion, there is also a lot of variation in the South West, and one thing you will notice is the clear lack of “Animism”. We have finally eliminated Animism as a religion from the game and have divided it into many multiple ones. Besides this, and some Muslim presence in some areas, there are other small pockets of religions that do not get to appear in the map, like Manichaeism, Nestorianism, Judaism and Zoroastrianism. And the elephant in the room is the Mahayana, that we have already mentioned that we have plans on dividing it, but more on it at the end.

Raw Materials
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A very resource rich region, which makes it understandable that China was able to basically be self-sufficient in terms of resources for long periods in history, and with many sources of highly appreciated resources like silk, tea, and even soybeans. Another interesting thing is the division on the preference of grain cultivation, with rice being more prominent in the south while the north tends to favor wheat and sturdy grains (millet, basically).

Markets
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Population
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Yes, there’s a lot of population in China, and with that many people and that many resources it obviously has a lot of potential. We have been following population census of 1351 and 1393, which allows us to have the most accurate values we can have.

Now, before closing off, let me turn back once again to the subject of religion, as it has already been pointed out that having a single Mahayana religion covering both China and Tibet (and parts of India) may not be the best both for accuracy and gameplay reasons, and we basically agree with it so we are planning on reworking a bit but it hasn’t been done in time for this Tinto Maps. However, as we are aware that you are not able to provide proper feedback unless we present you something, let me now share with you what are our plans with it. Please keep in mind that I will NOT go into details about their mechanics, and only talk about their distribution.

First of all, Tibetan Buddhism will be split and turned into its own religion. Although it “technically” is part of the Mahayana branch, it is true that its practices have distinguished it from Chinese Buddhism enough to represent it as its own religion, starting from the fact that they do not follow the same canon. The Mahayana that was present in India was already an outlier from start, so it will be made into its own religion.

That leaves out that the current “Mahayana” remaining in game will be Chinese Buddhism, that is, those following the Chinese Buddhist canon, and it will be present in China, Korea, and Vietnam. The question remains on what to call the religion, and several things have to be considered for that:

  1. The religion will already include blended into it Confucianism and Daoism besides Buddhism, so all three religions are included. That means it can’t be named either Confucianism or Daoism, as they have been bundled in. Buddhism was taken as the base name because, from the three, it was considered as the one mostly oriented towards the “religious” (Confucianism being more focused on administration and Daoism on rituals), and the most similar to what an organized religion would be outside of China.
    1. As a subpoint on that, and I can’t go into details for it yet, but there will also be options inside it to favor Buddhism over Confucianism or the opposite, so that is already covered too.
  2. As mentioned, it will be present not only in China but also in Korea and Vietnam (and any other country that may convert too, like for example Japan), so naming it something that’s too intrinsic to Chinese identity would not be ideal. That would mean that a term like Sānjiào, although good, would feel a bit out of place when playing for example as Korea (we know that the concept spread there too, but it was more prominent inside China and regardless having the name be directly in Chinese would be the main issue when playing outside China)

So, for now, the current name we are considering for the religion is directly “Chinese Buddhism”, or even leaving it as “Mahayana”, understanding that the main current of Mahayana is the version following the Chinese canon anyway. But feel free to suggest any alternative naming if you feel that there may be a better option we haven’t thought of, as long as it takes into consideration the previous points. And of course, let us know your feedback on the proposed representation and distribution too.

And that’s it for today, after a bit longer closing than usual. Next week we’ll be back a bit further east, taking a look at Korea and Japan. Hope to see you there!
 
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it'd be better if cities in southern provinces are localized by their mother tongues, e.g. Zhangzhou→Tsiang-tsiu (in Hokkien[1]), Jiulong→gau2 lung4 (in Cantonese[2])

[1] in Tâi-lô.
[2] in Jyutping.
 
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it'd be better if cities in southern provinces are localized by their mother tongues, e.g. Zhangzhou→Tsiang-tsiu (in Hokkien), Jiulong→gau2 lung4 (in Cantonese)
I think we discussed ealier in this thread. For Chinese, it does not make sense as this only works for non-Chinese languages and in Chinese they are the same; for non-Chinese players, it will make people confused with Chinese pronunciation and add to hardship to play China as a non-Chinese . BTW I don't think there are unified transliteration systems for many languages in China; my family speaks Wu, Hokkien, and Mandarin, none of which is subjected to standard dialectical pronunciations you refer to. It won't work if you want localized name for my hometown from your sources.
@Roger Corominas

As per developer comments, the use of exonyms for geographical and cultural entities was intentionally avoided.

Following this principle, Chinese Postal Romanization should be used for place as well as culture names, and Cantonese and Hokkien romanization for areas of Guangdong, Fujian, and parts of Guangxi.

E.g.: Yue > Cantonese
Guangdong > Kwangtung
Guangzhou > Canton
Dongguan > Tungkun
Xinhui > Shunwui
jiulong > Kowloon / Hong Kong

Pinyin disregards local linguistic variations and imposes the Beijing dialect on the entire region. The majority of people in Guangdong, Hong Kong, and Macau speak Cantonese and its related dialects since the Song dynasty, and it is unreasonable to expect them to embrace the Beijing dialectal representation of their heritage. This is a rather contentious subject for the local habitants.

As Lane Harris noted, 'postal romanization accommodated local dialects and regional pronunciations by recognizing local identity and language as vital to a true representation of the varieties of Chinese orthoepy as evinced by the Post Office's repeated desire to transcribe according to "local pronunciation" or "provincial sound-equivalents".'

Additionally, using Chinese Postal Romanization preserves existing transliterated spellings for important places, making it easier for non-Chinese users to understand.

Of all the things you can suggest, postal is about the worst choice. It's completely unsystematic and done on ad-hoc basis, so place names that were not actually used in the postal system cannot be predicted. And even your examples just demonstrate how inconsistent it is:

Guangdong > Kwangtung
Both are Mandarin and represent the same sound. The vowel of the first character -wa- rules out any possibility of this name being based on local pronunciation

Guangzhou > Canton
"Canton" was a poorly recorded and Angelized version of "Guangdong" (It's not even Guangzhou), and similarly more likely to be based on Mandarin because the first vowel is recorded as an A instead of O or U

jiulong > Kowloon
Now this is definitely Cantonese, but the guy who wrote this down couldn't tell N and NG

Hong Kong
Both Mandarin and Cantonese has a medial -i- in the first character. This is either a bad transcription or some kind of Tanka (Boat People) accent that is not shared by the land-dwelling Cantonese
Pinyin (but without the diacritics) is the standard English form for most Chinese placenames and terms, so it should be that (unless the standard is meant to be the most common English form during the EU4 time period). Only arguable exception is Cantonese, but Yue is also generally used for the 'wider' culture/language and would definitely be more consistent with all the other cultures so is probably better. For locations using full Pinyin is correct as the locations are ruled by the Mandarin-dominated Yuan dynasty - but of course that doesn't preclude using local transliterations if they come under the rule of a state that uses a different Chinese language.
Lol please do not use anything besides Pinyin. It's confusing enough to remember placenames without having to juggle the mistranslations of europeans on half the things. There's not a name that I don't prefer the pinyin version for, when I read a book and it has anything besides pinyin in it I lay my head down and cry.

No but seriously, don't. Make it a game rule or something at most.
 
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gwan.png


Mahayana ->祈福信仰(prosperity faith for english?) how chinese think about this?

I think this is better than three teachings because

1. meaning is directly than three teaching especially for non chinese people

2. If paradox making special mechanism for east asia religion, it is not weird for 2 religion mixing or more than 3 religion mixing

3. this also well represent Confucianism's religious attribute

also i think clergy and some noble believe specific one religion like Mahayana, Taoism, Confucianism etc. and most lower class believe three teaching or 祈福信仰 will be good.
 
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What are their cultural relationships?

I think the devs are balancing the population of Chinese languages.
Thanks for your reply.
First of all, The northern parts of Langfang and Baoding have long been under the rule of one regime, and the dialects of Baoding and Tangshan are same(zhang, 2012).
(Zhang Shuzheng. On the attribution of the Baotang piece of dialect )
Secondly, many people in the Tangshan area moved out from the Baoding area in Liao Jin and Yuan dynasty(Jia, 2018)(Han, 1990).
(Jia Xiumei. Analyzing the northward migration of the original Han Chinese population in Liaozhong Province)
(Han Guanghui. Study on the Population Geography of Beijing Area during the Liao, Jin, Yuan and Ming Dynasties).
 
View attachment 1296529

Mahayana ->祈福信仰(prosperity faith for english?) how chinese think about this?

I think this is better than three teachings because

1. meaning is directly than three teaching especially for non chinese people

2. If paradox making special mechanism for east asia religion, it is not weird for 2 religion mixing or more than 3 religion mixing

3. this also well represent Confucianism's religious attribute

also i think clergy and some noble believe specific one religion like Mahayana, Taoism, Confucianism etc. and most lower class believe three teaching or 祈福信仰 will be good.
I don't know if "prosperity faith" is particularly good because, to most people who have no idea what's that about, it'd sound more like money worship.

Three Teachings isn't particularly clear either for the uninitiated, but at least it does immediately convey the idea of multiple religious ideas existing next to each others.
 
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View attachment 1222433
View attachment 1222473
Cultures of the Tibetan-Yi Corridor

The Tibetan-Yi corridor is a linguistically diverse region, characterized by intense interaction between various polities and peoples.

My work is largely based on "Mapping the Minority Languages of the Eastern Tibetosphere", taking into the consideration of the political lanscape of the 14th century.

1. Daohua (倒話) should not exist, as it is a Chinese-Tibetan syncretic language that appeared after the influx of Han Chinese
2. There should not be a significant Yi population in areas westwards of Xichang (西昌). The Yi migration to Jiulong, Muli, Mianning, Hanyuan, Shimian, Ninglang, Yongsheng occurred in the Qing Dynasty.
3. Naxi should not exist in Muli and Markham, as most of these settlements were established during the 16th century by the Principality of Lijiang.
4. There should not be much Han Chinese in the modern counties of Tianquan, Hanyuan, Xinmian, Baoxing, Luding, Kangding. These areas were ruled by Tusi chiefdoms.

References:
https://www.researchgate.net/public...inority_Languages_of_the_Eastern_Tibetosphere.

1. Pumi
- Status: society of pop
- Religion: Hangui

Historically, there is a significant population of Pumi in the Muli county, which founded the Principality of Muli in the 17th century.

2a. Naic - Nakhi

Yanyuan should have a predominant Mosuo (Nakhi) population. Until the 20th century, the peripheral areas of Yanyuan were ruled by Mosuo chieftains.

Reference: The Ancient Na-khi Kingdom of Southwest China
View attachment 1222506
View attachment 1222508
2b. Naic - Namuyi
-Status: non-tag culture
- Religion: Phatsa (p h a ⁵⁴ tsə ⁵⁴-a)

Reference:

3. Ersuic - Ersu, Doxu, Lizu
- Status: society of pop
- Religion: Shaaba

The Ersu people have a writing system called Shaaba hieroglyph, and had founded small principalities under Tibetan influence. Sajiabu (撒加布), mentioned in the "History of Yuan", is identified as a chieftain of the Doxu people.

Reference:

4a. Qiangic - Minyag

- Status: settled country
- Religion: Bon, Tibetan Buddhism

The Principality of Chakla (明正土司) ruled over both Tibetans speaking the “Minyag Rabgang dialect” of Tibetan, and Qiangic people speaking the Minyag language.

I suggest to rename Chakla as Minyag, since Chakla is a dynasty name first mentioned in the 17th century, while Minyag is an older geo-political concept.

Reference:

4b. Qiangic - Gochang

- Status: settled country
- Religion: Bon, Tibetan Buddhism

The Guiqiong people, also known as "Yutong" (魚通), had formed several principalities by the 15th century. The Principality of Yutong (Guthang) is among the Eighteen Principalities of Gyalrong.

Reference:

4c. Qiangic - Gyalrong (Gyalrong, Geshitsa, R'tau, Nyagrong Minyag)
- Status: settled country
- Religion: Bon, Tibetan Buddhism

Covered in a previous post:

R'tau and Nyagrong Minyag should be non-tag cultures.

4d. Qiangic - nDrapa-Choyo
- Status: non-tag cultures
- Religion: ?

Simple clan societies.

Reference:
cultures.jpg

Areas with majority populations of Naxi, Pumi and Ersu in 1337.

Correction: the modern Hanyuan county had a Ersu speaking population identified as Tibetan. However, they may not necessarily be the majority population in 1337. According to a census during the Daoguang reign (1820-1850), the local Datian Tusi 大田土司 ruled over 34 Yi and 14 Tibetan (Ersu) settlements (汉源县志(1994), p.108). Considering the later waves of Yi migration, the pre-modern percentage of Ersu in Hanyuan in 1337 should be more than 30%.

Nice to see the addition of Gyalrong culture. Here are some further suggestions:

To keep consistency with the Khampa and Amdowa cultures, Gyalrong should be called Gyalrongpa, which means “people of Gyalrong”.

The Pumi people, which founded the Kingdom of Muli, and the Ersuic people, which founded multiple smaller Tusi principalities, should probably be represented as separate cultures.

Perhaps the Smaller minorities of Minyag and Namuyi can be represented as well.

Moreover, the major waves of Yi migration to Jiulong, Yanyuan and Muli only began in the 18th century. In 1337, the Ersu, Pumi and Naxi people should be the dominant population in their native lands.

Judian (巨甸) was historically a stronghold of the Naxi Kingdom of Lijiang, and the modern population of Naxi people there is greater than the Bai people.

May I know what are the orange culture in southern Gyelthang, and the blue culture in Daocheng, as indicated in the above map? As far as I know, there is no significant minority culture in these locations.
 
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