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Tinto Maps #23 - 18th of October 2024 - China

Hello, and welcome to another week of Tinto’s fun Maps. This week it will be a huge one, as we will take a look at the entirety of China. It is a really big area, but it didn’t make sense to split it into multiple parts to present it separately, so we are showing it all at once. So, without further ado, let’s get started.

Countries
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Obviously the territory is dominated by Yuán, with Dali as its vassal. They appear big, strong, and scary, but they will have their own fair share of problems for sure. I will not go into detail into the countries that can be seen further south, as we will talk about Southeast Asia in a future Tinto Maps.

Societies of Pops
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Quite a variety of peoples in Southwest China, as you will see later in the culture maps.

Dynasties
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Here we finally have managed to catch the full name of the Borjigin dynasty in all its glory.

Locations
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Before you ask, there are around 1800 locations in China proper, not counting impassables and barring possible counting errors.

Provinces
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Areas
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Terrain
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You will notice here that there are few locations assigned as "farmlands", that's because when we did this part of the map there was yet not a clear criteria on how we would be defining the farmlands and their placement here hasn't been reviewed yet.

Development
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As mentioned before, the harsh changes of development at the end of China proper is probably too strong right now and it’s something that will have to be reviewed, especially at the Liáodōng area.

Natural Harbors
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Cultures
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There is a lot of cultural variation in China, not only among the sinitic peoples (which have been divided according to their linguistical and dialectal differences) but also having many other types of non-sinitic peoples. The resulting pie chart for the cultures of the country is a wonder to see indeed. And even if Yuán itself is Mongolian, there are actually very few Mongolian people in the country, as only the ruling class would belong to it. That is one other source of further trouble for Yuán.

Religions
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Considering religion, there is also a lot of variation in the South West, and one thing you will notice is the clear lack of “Animism”. We have finally eliminated Animism as a religion from the game and have divided it into many multiple ones. Besides this, and some Muslim presence in some areas, there are other small pockets of religions that do not get to appear in the map, like Manichaeism, Nestorianism, Judaism and Zoroastrianism. And the elephant in the room is the Mahayana, that we have already mentioned that we have plans on dividing it, but more on it at the end.

Raw Materials
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A very resource rich region, which makes it understandable that China was able to basically be self-sufficient in terms of resources for long periods in history, and with many sources of highly appreciated resources like silk, tea, and even soybeans. Another interesting thing is the division on the preference of grain cultivation, with rice being more prominent in the south while the north tends to favor wheat and sturdy grains (millet, basically).

Markets
Markets.png


Population
Population.png

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Yes, there’s a lot of population in China, and with that many people and that many resources it obviously has a lot of potential. We have been following population census of 1351 and 1393, which allows us to have the most accurate values we can have.

Now, before closing off, let me turn back once again to the subject of religion, as it has already been pointed out that having a single Mahayana religion covering both China and Tibet (and parts of India) may not be the best both for accuracy and gameplay reasons, and we basically agree with it so we are planning on reworking a bit but it hasn’t been done in time for this Tinto Maps. However, as we are aware that you are not able to provide proper feedback unless we present you something, let me now share with you what are our plans with it. Please keep in mind that I will NOT go into details about their mechanics, and only talk about their distribution.

First of all, Tibetan Buddhism will be split and turned into its own religion. Although it “technically” is part of the Mahayana branch, it is true that its practices have distinguished it from Chinese Buddhism enough to represent it as its own religion, starting from the fact that they do not follow the same canon. The Mahayana that was present in India was already an outlier from start, so it will be made into its own religion.

That leaves out that the current “Mahayana” remaining in game will be Chinese Buddhism, that is, those following the Chinese Buddhist canon, and it will be present in China, Korea, and Vietnam. The question remains on what to call the religion, and several things have to be considered for that:

  1. The religion will already include blended into it Confucianism and Daoism besides Buddhism, so all three religions are included. That means it can’t be named either Confucianism or Daoism, as they have been bundled in. Buddhism was taken as the base name because, from the three, it was considered as the one mostly oriented towards the “religious” (Confucianism being more focused on administration and Daoism on rituals), and the most similar to what an organized religion would be outside of China.
    1. As a subpoint on that, and I can’t go into details for it yet, but there will also be options inside it to favor Buddhism over Confucianism or the opposite, so that is already covered too.
  2. As mentioned, it will be present not only in China but also in Korea and Vietnam (and any other country that may convert too, like for example Japan), so naming it something that’s too intrinsic to Chinese identity would not be ideal. That would mean that a term like Sānjiào, although good, would feel a bit out of place when playing for example as Korea (we know that the concept spread there too, but it was more prominent inside China and regardless having the name be directly in Chinese would be the main issue when playing outside China)

So, for now, the current name we are considering for the religion is directly “Chinese Buddhism”, or even leaving it as “Mahayana”, understanding that the main current of Mahayana is the version following the Chinese canon anyway. But feel free to suggest any alternative naming if you feel that there may be a better option we haven’t thought of, as long as it takes into consideration the previous points. And of course, let us know your feedback on the proposed representation and distribution too.

And that’s it for today, after a bit longer closing than usual. Next week we’ll be back a bit further east, taking a look at Korea and Japan. Hope to see you there!
 
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View attachment 1310833
If merges are the case, I have some suggestions:
  1. Merge Wu, Yue, and Xuanzhou as Wu; they are intelligible. Representing Yanzhou as a blend of Wu and Hui.
  2. Merge Fuzhou and Fuqing, also intelligible. Representing Putian as a blend of Fuzhou and Minnan.
  3. Make the Dongjiang a blend Yuehai and Kejia in Guangdong. Also, add some Minbei minorities in Fujian Kejia
  4. It's acceptable to merge Cantonese dialects, except for the Goulou dialects, because they are ancient and have diverged too far from modern standard Cantonese.

I think paradox now makes blended languages a single one instead of describing how mixed they are or how the environment influenced them. "Formosan" could be a good illustration for this methodology. For Wu languages, I don't think there will be a clear distinction between Wu and Jianghuai, or Wu and Min, as there will be many outliers and a continuum. For example, many Chuzhou Wu dialects lost their voiced sound, though this feature was considered the most important and served as the most common criterion to distinguish Jianghuai and Wu. But they do think they are speaking Wu instead of others. Goulou and Dongjiang are also quite tricky in terms of distinguishing between Cantonese and other dialects.

Maps of Hakka and Gan.

View attachment 1310845

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I find a new dialect map, maybe it can offer you some references.
 

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Just looking at the RGO map, it seems like China has a lot of furs, at least compared to Western Europe. Historically part of the success of the fur trade in Siberia and Pacific North America was that they could be sold for high profit in China. For such a large part of the map, I'd expect some fur RGOs, but certainly not enough to satisfy what should be a high demand. Lack of fur in Chinese markets should be an opportunity for Alt-History Asian or European Colonizers to colonize the northern regions and develop valuable trade routes.
 
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Your first message on the forum was in May 2024 about East Asia being represented badly.
Your last 2 messages out of 4 in total are now 9 months later about China being represented badly.

But I do not see any suggestions from you during these 9 months.
No naming, locations, provinces, areas, cultures, religions suggestions.
No nice maps, sources, tables, like other users try to provide on their regions (including other Chinese players that provided really great feedback).

If you had posted dozens corrections, suggestions, sources I would never have written this to you, but now this kind of 'feedback' looks just ridiculous. Even in case your 'feedback' would be somehow justified.
Are you trying to justify your mediocrity in drawing the regions of China in the game (which is your job) by saying that your colleague doesn't contribute anything?
Even without contributing, we know that the map of China is underrepresented in the game.

But you look worse trying to deny it and asking for maps, sources, and tables, which again, is your job, because contributing here on the forums is optional since no one pays us to do your work, so you should be grateful for the people who contribute and make your job easier.
 
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Silk Production in China: A Historical Perspective for Game Balance​

The purpose of this commentary is to compare silk production in China with other products and regions, aiming to balance silk production within the game's mechanics as accurately as possible for the historical period it represents.

It's important to clarify that our Chinese colleagues have already provided numerous valuable comments on this forum regarding the specific locations in China where silk was produced and the raw materials they should possess. Therefore, we won't delve deeply into that aspect, although we will offer some suggestions.

The Silk Road is so named because it was the path medieval merchants traversed—crossing deserts, mountains, and rivers—to trade in silk brought from China and other parts of the Far East. Chinese silk was in such high demand due to its superior quality that even as production began elsewhere in the world, its quality and scale generally couldn't rival that of silk produced in China (with certain exceptions, such as high-quality Grenadine silk).

Given this historical information, and considering that silk production in other regions outside China was nascent or on a smaller scale for most of the Silk Road's existence, it is reasonable to estimate that China produced a vast majority, possibly more than 80%, of the high-quality silk circulating in international trade.

Consulted Sources of Interest:

  • "The Silk Road by Land and Sea - A Historical Perspective" (CIRSD)
  • "Historia de la seda" (Wikipedia)
  • "La seda china y la Ruta de la Seda" (Cervantes Virtual)

In-Game Representation Discrepancy​

However, on the raw materials map, the locations producing silk (red in map) in China are few compared to other regions like the Indian subcontinent and Persia.

To put this into context, here's a rough breakdown of silk-producing locations:

  • China: 17
  • India: 31
  • Persia & Middle East: 20
  • (France, Italy, and the Byzantine Empire are excluded from this immediate comparison.)
According to PDX's current representation, India and the Persia/Middle East region individually feature more silk locations than China itself, where silk originated. Historically, this was not the case, at least during the Middle Ages.

Therefore, we must ask: How is it possible that China has so few silk-producing locations when history shows it was the primary product China exported for hundreds of years, holding a near-monopoly on the global silk market? Please add more silk locations in China to ensure greater historical accuracy and rigor.

Our request is not to remove silk locations in India and the Middle East, but rather for China to have a greater number of silk-producing locations to accurately reflect its historical dominance.

Furthermore, a significant number of "Fur" (color white in the map) locations have been added, with approximately 38 producing it in China alone. Unless Chinese colleagues can provide information to the contrary or argue that the climate isn't suitable, we believe most of these "Fur" locations should be changed to silk.
 
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The Chaozhou province should be split into nine locations, as per the map below. These are the traditional eight Teochew (Chaozhou) -speaking counties, with the ninth (Dabu) being Hakka-speaking but traditionally governed together. Note that only Chaozhou city (within Haiyang county) should exist in this time period, as Shantou was only established later as a treaty port during the Opium Wars. Chaozhou sits on the tidal Han River and was the major port for trade coming from upstream, despite not being directly on the coast.
1000056266.png


Also, I find it odd that Meizhou province, one of the most important Hakka regions, is named as Xunzhou. Meizhou as a name has much more cultural cachet.

Below are the proposed changes to settlement names in Guangdong, based on the Chinese Historical Atlas of Ming Dynasty. Similarly, the names being changed are mostly modern administrative township names, which do not refer to actual settlements. I have replaced them with the settlement names from the Ming Dynasty (and from the Qing Dynasty, where Ming names were unavailable).

1. Yǒng'ān (永安) <---- shuǐān
2. Língshān (靈山) <---- língchéng
3. Suìxī (遂溪) <---- suìchéng
4. Tiěpá (鐵杷) <---- jiùxiàn
5. Léizhōu (雷州) <---- léichéng
6. Xúwén (徐聞) <---- xúchéng
7. Wénchāng (文昌) <---- wénchéng
8. Dìng'ān (定安) <---- dìngchéng
9. Qióngzhōu (瓊州) <---- fǔchéng
10. Língāo (臨高) <---- línchéng
11. Dānzhōu (儋州) <---- yílún
12. Chānghuà (昌化) <---- chāngjiāng
13. Bàosuì (抱歲) <---- bǎosuì * Typo
14. Wànzhōu (萬州) <---- wànchéng
15. Yángchūn (陽春) <---- chūnchéng
16. Xīnxīng (新興) <---- xīnchéng
17. Xìnyí (信宜) <---- dōngzhèn
18. Shuāngshuǐ (瀧水) <---- lóngshuì
19. Déqìng (德慶) <---- déchéng
20. Gāoyào (高要) <---- nán'àn
21. Guǎngníng (廣寧) <---- nánjiē
22. Xīnhuì (新會) <---- huìchéng
23. Xīnzào (新造) <---- shìqiáo *This location corresponds to Panyu District in modern Guangzhou, but there were no well-known settlements in the Ming and Qing dynasties, and most of it has not yet become land. I chose a settlement name from the Qing Dynasty.
24. Fóshān (佛山) <---- guìchéng
25. Yángshān (陽山) <---- yángchéng
26. Liánshān (連山) <---- jítián
27. Xīngzǐ (星子) <---- xīngzi * Typo
28. Rǔyuán (乳源) <---- rǔchéng
29. Qūjiāng (曲江) <---- mǎbà
30. Yīngdé (英德) <---- yīngchéng
31. Chángníng (長寧) <---- jūnzǐzhàngxià * lol, I figured out that this place name on the Tinto map comes from the Chinese Wikipedia. The original text states, "萬曆元年(1573)遷治所於君子嶂下(今新豐縣城)興建磚城(In the first year of the Wanli era (1573), the government was moved to the foot of Junzi Mountain (the current Xinfeng County) to build a brick city.)" It seems that a punctuation error led to "the foot of Junzi Mountain" being mistakenly recognized as a place name.
32. Zēngchéng (增城) <---- lìchéng
33. Xīn'ān (新安) <---- bǎoān
34. Bóluó (博羅) <---- luóyáng
35. Kǔzhúpài (苦竹派) <---- gǔzhú
36. Hǎifēng (海豐) <---- hǎichéng
37. Yǒng'ān (永安) <---- zǐjīn
38. Xīngníng (興寧) <---- xìngníng *Typo
39. Bǎochāng (保昌) <---- xióngzhōu
40. Shǐxīng (始興) <---- tàipíng
41. Dàbù (大埔) <---- cháyáng
42. Jiēyáng (揭陽) <---- róngchéng
43. Yúnluòjìng (雲落徑) <---- pǔníng
44. Cháoyáng (潮陽) <---- miánchéng
View attachment 1204821

References
Tan, Qixiang, ed. (1996a) [1987], The Historical Atlas of China, vol. 7: The Yuan and Ming Dynasty Period (in Chinese), China Cartographic Publishing House.
Tan, Qixiang, ed. (1996b) [1987], The Historical Atlas of China, vol. 8: The Qing Dynasty Period (in Chinese), China Cartographic Publishing House.
 
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I'm Southeast Asian Chinese of Teochew (Chaozhou), Hokkien (Minnan) and Hakka (Kejia) descent. My spouse is of Hainanese (Hainan/Qiongzhou) and Cantonese (Guangzhou) descent.

My take is that all the following should be represented as distinct cultures in Southeast China, but I make no comment on anything not named. This is based on my personal experience of self-identified cultural identity.
Minnan aka Hokkien
Chaozhou aka Teochew
Guangzhou aka Cantonese
Kejia aka Hakka
Hainan/Qiongzhou aka Hainanese
Fuzhou aka Hockchew/Foochow
Fuqing aka Hockchia
Putian/Xinghua aka Henghua
Wenzhou
 
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View attachment 1315969
Preliminary country information for Yuan:

All help is welcomed to fill this out!

NOTE: Indentations are for subject hierarchy

Culture & Religion refer to that of the ruler, not necessarily the state





Yunnan
Colour coded Tusi with their own vassals for clarity.



Separate table for Yunnan (still subject to Yuan):

It would probably be wise to depict the South-Western Tusi as under Liang (Yunnan).

NOTE: Indentations are for subject hierarchy

Culture & Religion refer to that of the ruler, not necessarily the state





I found a source which includes the Mongolian versions for the names of the Princes of Liang/Yunnan: https://www.jstor.org/stable/2718338

Japanese Wikipedia also has some details on their names and genealogy:
Screenshot_20250619-221658.png
Screenshot_20250619-221326.png

Alu/Toluo should be Arugh (also spelled Aruγ) in Mongolian. Though if you prefer Toluo (since he has multiple names across sources ), that would be Tughluq (Tūghslūq)
Screenshot_20250619-214020~2.png

Boluo, his brother, should be Bolod (Bolot) in Mongolian.
Screenshot_20250619-220201.png
 
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If Kinmen and Xiamen, which are islands alongside Fujian coast, were depicted as a location, it will be far more interesting. Actually they are far bigger than the current map. Historically, Koxinga and his descendants had those islands as their power base for a long time before conquering Taiwan in 1662. Their command of the sea made it possible to keep Qing at the bay and many of the Zheng's internal conflicts were between Kin-Xia faction and the "mainland" Taiwan faction.
 
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This is a continuation of yesterday's post, commenting on some of the changes seen in the up-to-date map setup. For full suggestions and sources, refer to my main post on the Shan states.

Meditation School spread~2.png


Map of suggested changes:
states_20250620095129.jpg



Country names

A few of the names of countries here were my own transliterations, and with these not being referenced anywhere else I think it would be better to change them to something else more recognizable, which is more in line with the "common name" naming convention used everywhere else in-game, where the name can at least be searched for and found in a book/source. These countries are Möng Hten, Möng Hsa, Möng Ngum, Möng Wo and Möng Ku. The other country names from my suggestions are already referenced with the same spelling in (at least) the Gazetteer of Upper Burma and the Shan States, so these should be fine.

Untitled160.jpg


I'll include links for the following names which are mentioned in sources:

Möng Hten -> Qingdian (native) or Shunning (Chinese)
"Möng Hten" is just a Tai place name from the general area (ᥛᥫᥒᥰ ᥗᥦᥢᥴ), which wouldn't be the right language anyway as Qingdian was a Mon-Khmer (probably Wa or Bulang) polity.​

Möng Hsa -> Mouzhan (official) or Mengsa (capital)

Möng Wo -> Moeng Bò (native) or Weiyuan (Chinese)

Möng Ku -> Jingdong (official) or Menggu (native name transliterated into Chinese).

Möng Ngum -> Moeng Wiang (native name of capital) or Yinsha Luodian (official, Chinese)
Möng Ngum is also not a historically accurate name, it's just a transliteration of a modern name of Shangyun (ᥛᥫᥒᥰ ᥒᥤᥛᥰ).​


Border changes

- Möng Mao should not own the locations of Tengchong, Guyong, Lujiang, Baoshan, and Dianyang (the location names from the original Tinto Maps post), and these should instead belong to Dali. Möng Mao's war with Yuan forces (i.e. the Duan family of Dali and the Liang prince of Kunming) didn't begin until 1342, and at most it should have only subdued neighbouring Tai polities (I also mentioned what land it could own in my Shan state post).
Screenshot_20250620-102315.png

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Möng_Mao#Rise

- Moeng Wiang (Yinsha Luodian) should only occupy the locations of Yinshaluo and (probably?) the eastern parts of Mengdong. Ximeng and Mengmai should be owned by Möng Lem, and it's mentioned that these states were split north-south rather than east-west.
Screenshot_20250620-103059.png

https://www.proquest.com/docview/3143985160/AEBA28ED01984536PQ/2

- Möng Ting is way too small because of the current location setup. The problem is that both Möng Ting and Mouzhan (Möng Hsa) had their capitals within the in-game Mengding location, so it needs to be split (best donebby adding Gengma in the eastern half). Additionally, Möng Ting should own the western half of the Mengdong location. If the locations aren't changed for whatever reason, then the entire region should go to Möng Ting, as it was the more powerful state before Mouzhan was split off in 1326, and during the early Ming dynasty where Mouzhan and Mengdong were merged back into Möng Ting.

- Yuan should not directly own territory in Kunming, it should belong to the local prince of Yunnan/Liang who had entirely overshadowed the central Yuan government by the early 1330s.
Untitled161_20250620104057.jpg

https://books.google.com/books?id=itKyDwAAQBAJ

There are also some border changes which could be made to better fit Yuan era divisions.
 
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