I've lost count of how many Romes are there at this point.
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Yes, Yuan color is probably going to change, we don't like it either.
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Currently there's nothing for him yet, although Mong Mao itself is on the map (appearing as M.M. due to being too small)Will there be any event for the rise of Mong Mao? Soon after the starting date, it is going to emerge as the hegemon of the Shan states under the rule of Si Kefa.
Si Kefa - Wikipedia
en.m.wikipedia.org
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We will have to find colors that don't get confused (or give them a "same color cb" to fight it out)
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You will have to wait for more explanations on the specific mechanics, but religious sects is something that will be in the game.
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We put the ones present in 1337, but we can review and add more if necessary.
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The founder of the Ayutthaya Kingdom is already present at start, and there is some content for it.
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Dali is indeed Bai, it's just a lot of Yi people there too.
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Thank you, very extensive info, we'll take a look at it.Upper Burma and the Shan People
Hello! This will be a long post, I've been working on it for about a month on-and-off, hopefully it's insightful. I figured that other people might give suggestions on the rest of Burma/Myanmar, or that this information would be easier for others to find, so I only focused on the Shan regions which I'm more familiar with.
A brief history lesson:
In 1337, the situation in Burma is often called the period of "Shan domination", for the last 100 years Shan people had been migrating further into Burma and setting up their own independent principalities and towns, which are called "Möngs" (this is the same word as the Thai "Mueang"). The Shan people would often raid and settle into old Burmese lands, in 1365 this got so intense that it led to the collapse of the Sagaing and Pinya kingdoms, and the founding of the new Ava kingdom. However, this wasn't the complete end of the "Shan domination", which continued for the next 2 centuries and culminated in 1527, when the Shan kingdoms conquered Ava. This partly contributed to the rise of the Taungoo dynasty in the south, who very soon reconquered Burma. After this point, Shan history essentially merges with Burmese history, though they still maintained their semi-autonomous Möngs.
Locations
View attachment 1213785
Since I'm focusing on the Shan regions, all names shown on the map are primarily Shan, to keep it easy to format.
A lot of new names! Almost every location has been adjusted, mostly small respellings for consistency, but also a lot of new translations into Shan or replacements for anachronistic names. Some of them might be suitable as default English names, while others would be best as only dynamic names.
I've also added around 20 new locations, some of them might not be necessary but I've tried to only add them when I thought there was a logical reason to do so.
Make sure to check the spoilered lists:
Unless stated otherwise, sources in this list are from the book "Gazetteer of Upper Burma and the Shan States", which has been an invaluable resource for this task. The document is split into 5 volumes, which can be found as PDFs on the Myanmar Law Library https://myanmar-law-library.org/law-library/legal-journal/burma-gazetter/ (note that there are some occasional scan errors which might make some letters appear wrong, e.g. "Küng" becoming "Kilng")
For names I've transliterated directly from the Shan script, or names I've adjusted the spelling of, I've followed the document "Tables for the transliteration of Shan names into English (1892)" (Z library link https://z-lib.io/book/16791705). However, I've avoided using hyphens and long-vowel-diacritics (ā, ī, ū, ē), these are almost never used in maps or articles so it would just make everything inconsistent. Anyway, this isn't the only method which is used for transliterating Shan, but it's the closest to the names you'll see in maps, articles, the Burma Gazetteer, etc. The Shan script has also added some characters since 1900, in which case you can fill in the gaps from Omniglot's table https://www.omniglot.com/writing/shan.htm
In regards to the above, most of those transliterated names are from Shan Wikipedia. The names on Shan Wikipedia are mostly from Shan news agencies or Shan revival projects, so it's probably a very reliable source.
On to the actual list - names will be given first in Shan, then have the Burmese name in brackets, then any other local names in the notes afterwards:
Kachin area
Hkamti province
1. Hkamyang - Named after the Tai Khamyang people who lived here at the time, the Ahom chronicle also mentions it as a place name. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khamyang_people If not this, it could also be named Nawng Yang (Shan name for the Lake of No Return), Man Nam (supposedly an old Khamyang village by the same lake), or Pang Sao (Pangsau, modern town, founded 1775)
2. Hpake - New location, split from Hkamyang (Tarung) to represent the stark difference between the valley and mountains in the original location, and the fact that the route going west to the Hkamti location goes directly from one valley to another. Named after the Tai Phake people who lived here at the time. "Phake" refers to a river gorge in the Hukawng valley, probably near modern Shin Bway Yang https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Tai-Phake_people_in_northeast_India Interestingly, this old map also marks Phake-yooa in the same place https://www.geographicus.com/P/AntiqueMap/burmanempire-wyld-1879 If not this, then the only other name would be Hukawng (Payindwin in Burmese) which was an ancient province of Möng Kawng
3. Möng Hkawn (Maingkwan or Maingkhwan) - Given as the Shan name of Maingkwan, there are some spelling variations like Möng Hkwan or Möng Kawn
4. Tanai - This was originally Maingkwan on your map, but that would've been the wrong place. This location just seems to be the upper reaches of the Tanai river, there aren't any major settlements even today and I'm a skeptical if it should even be a location
5. Hkamti (Kanti) - Moved the border southwards a little to balance out my other changes. This town is also called Singkaling Hkamti to distinguish it from the original Hkamti (Hkamti Long), it was settled by Shans in the 18th century and Singkaling was apparently the name of the Naga tribe who lived here before
6. Tamansai (Tamanthi or Htamanthi) - Minsin was a tiny village (I'm guessing this is a leftover from EU4) so I moved your original Htamanthi up here and gave it a connection with Tizu (important because the river connection leads directly into the town). The Shan name is Tamansai http://www.jstor.org/stable/2843177
Htamanthi province
I've represented the rough location of the Ungoching hill range in black, this is an uninhabited stretch of land with only a few places you can pass through, so you might want to represent it.
7. Hongmalang (Homalin) - Shan name is Hongmalang (Upper Chindwin Gazetteer, page 75 https://www.myanmar-law-library.org...azetter/upper-chindwin-district-volume-a.html)
8. Hpakan - Spelling changed from Phakant. This town likely didn't exist more than 200 years ago, but I couldn't find a better name
9. Möng Küng (Maingkaing) - Also called Möng Köng or possibly Möng Küng Kwai in the Hsenwi chronicle
10. Hsawnghsup (Thaungdut) - New location, split from Hkampat (Tamu) for political borders. The modern town of Hsawnghsup is located on the Chindwin river, but the old town was located in the north of the Kabaw valley, near modern Thanan or Myo Thit, it moved to the current location around the 1800s
11. Hkampat - Also called Khampat. At the time, it was a bigger town than Tamu https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabaw_Valley
12. Hpawngpang (Paungbyin) - Transliterated from Shan Wikipedia ၽွင်းပၢင်ႇ
13. Mawlek (Mawlaik) - New location, split from Hpawngpang (Paungbyin) to balance the size with neighbouring locations. I also extended the border a bit further west to fit the geography. "Mawlek" is transliterated from Shan Wikipedia မေႃႇလဵၵ်
Kale province
14. Kat Lü (Kale) - Transliterated from Shan Wikipedia ၵၢတ်ႇလိုဝ်း
15. Kalewa - New location, split from Kale to represent the hill range and balance out Kale's size. Names are identical in Shan (ၵလေးဝ) and Burmese. I'm not really happy with the name of this location, Kalewa seems like it might be a new settlement or name, some other options could be Masein or Singaung, but I couldn't find Shan names for these, at best it would just be guesswork changing Singaung to Sinkawng.
16. Möng Kang (Mingin) - I extended the border of this location north to make it look better and to fit traditional state boundaries. Name transliterated from Shan Wikipedia မိူင်းၵၢင်း
Wuntho province
17. Man Mawk (Banmauk) - New location, split from Möng Küng (Zalon Taung) and parts of Katha and Htigyaing to represent the surrounding hills and valleys better. Name transliterated from Shan Wikipedia မၢၼ်ႈမွၵ်ႇ
18. Kat Hsa (Katha) - Transliterated from Shan Wikipedia ၵၢတ်ႇသႃႇ
19. Tikang (Tigyaing or Htigyaing) - Transliterated from Shan wikipedia တီႈၶင်ႉ
20. Pangkaihpo (Pinlebu) - New location, split from Waing Hsö to represent the surrounding hills and to reduce its size. I've also given it a connection through the wasteland to Hpawngpang (Paungbyin). "Pang Kai Hpo" is given as the Shan name, but I removed the spaces
21. Waing Hsö (Wuntho) - Waing Hsö is given as the Shan name
Möng Kawng province
22. Möng Kawng (Mogaung) - Added a space
23. Möng Yang (Mohnyin) - The given Shan name. Also, in your original map Mohnyin has a typo
24. Sanakawng - Myitkyina wasn't called that until British rule. Jingpo oral tradition says the area used to be called Sana Kawng (this article is written in Jingpo but the language is supported on Google Translate now: https://researchdata.edu.au/kk2-0267-myitkyina-history-myitkyina/1601073) or Tsaya Kung (https://www.kachinlandnews.com/?p=28020). I went with Sanakawng (or just "Sana") because Shan Wikipedia still calls Myitkyina "ၸႄႈၼႃး" (Sana/Sena), and some Chinese sites call it Sinagong
25. Hsanghpo (Sinbo or Hsinbo) - New location, split from Möng Set and a small part of Möng Kawng to represent the surrounding hills. It might not be a great candidate because Sinbo was founded in the 18th century. Shan name transliterated from Shan Wikipedia သၢင်ႇၽူဝ်ႇ
26. Möng Set (Mosit) - The original name of this location (Möngyang) was just a clone of the neighbouring location, probably a leftover from EU4 which had it in the wrong place. Möng Set is mentioned under the Shwegu section of the Upper Burma Gazetteer
Putao province
27. Putao - The Shan name (ပူႇတႂ်း) is still Putao, although its mentioned that old name might have been "Putaung" or "Putawng" (since our Shan transliteration doesn't use "au"). The Jingpo name of the valley here is apparently "Gam Di" (from book "Institution of Kachin Duwaship")
28. Nam Kiu - Changed from Suamprabum, which was founded by the British. I couldn't really find any other settlements so I just named it after the river, Mali Hka in Jingpo or Nam Kiu in Shan (Nam Kiu is also the Shan name for the entire Irrawaddy)
29. Möng Tong - Changed from Injangyang, which was also founded by the British, or just before they came. There's a single paper (https://meral.edu.mm/records/2465) which says Injangyang used to be called Mong Tong, but I'm not sure how reliable it is. The Jingpo name for this region is "Hkahku"
30. Nam Tamai - Changed from Chibwe, which seems like a new town too. It's the name of a river again because I couldn't find anything, the river is called Nmai Hka in Jingpo and Nam Tamai in Shan https://www.himalayanclub.org/hj/11/6/ka-karpo-razi-burmas-highest-peak/
31. Waing Maw - Space added
Shan Highland area
Manmaw province
32. Möng Lai (Mole) - New location, split from Man Maw because it felt too big compared to its Yunnan neighbours. The name is based on the Mole Chaung (river) which flows from modern Laiza to its mouth a few miles north of Bhamo. Möng Lai is only given as the Jingpo name, and Menglai as the Chinese, but it's very obviously a Shan-origin name. https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-cn/穆雷江 The Mong Mit chronicle mentions a settlement called "Molai", which could very possibly be referring to an ancient town which the river got its name from.
33. Man Maw (Bhamo) - Space added
34. Möng Leng (Mohlaing) - New location, split from Shwegu because a hill range separates the two areas and because Möng Leng later became an independent state for some time. Möng Leng was located in the Sinkan Chaung river valley
35. Hweku (Shwegu) - Transliterated from Shan Wikipedia ႁူၺ်ႈၵူႈ
36. Man Peng (Mabein) - Transliterated from Shan Wikipedia မၢၼ်ႈပဵင်း
37. Namhkam - unchanged
38. Möng Mit (Momeik) - added a space
Hsipaw province
39. Möng Long - spelling change
40. Hsum Hsai (Thonze) - Changed from Kyaukme, which didn't exist at the time. Hsum Hsai was an important town and sub-state of Hsipaw
41. Ongpawng (Onbaung) - Also known as Hsipaw (Thibaw) which was nearby. Hsipaw seems to have been either non-existent or very small before ~1600s, so Ongpawng would be the more correct form for 1337.
42. Möng Tung (Maington) - New location, split from Hsipaw because of the geography and because Möng Tung was an important town and sub-state of Hsipaw.
Hsenwi province
43. Namhsan - Unchanged. Also known as Om-yar in Palaung.
44. Möng Yin - New location, split from Hsenwi. I only really added it because I thought Hsenwi looked too big, but Möng Yin was also apparently a sub-state of Hsenwi.
45. Hsenwi (Theinni) - Unchanged
46. Möng Yaw - Changed from Lashio, which was either a tiny village or didn't exist before the 1800s.
47. Muse - Unchanged
48. Möng Si - New location, split from Muse because it was huge compared to some of its surroundings.
49. Tawnio - Also known as Taw Nio or Malipa. This name doesn't seem to exist on maps today, but it would've been in the same place as modern Laukkaing.
50. Möng Kun - Given as a Shan village in the Son Mu state. The location could also be called Möng Hit, another village
Monghsu province
51. Man Se - New location, split from Möng Yai and a small part of Lashio. I thought it made sense to add because of the geography and to reduce the size of Möng Yai. Man Se was an important village located near modern Nampawng
52. Tangyan - Split from Möng Yai because of the large hill tract splitting them apart, and because it became a sub-state separated from Möng Yai. Called "Tang Yan" in the Gazetteer
53. Möng Yai - Spelling change
54. Kehsi (Kyithi) - Technically called Kehsi Mansan (Kyithi Bansan)
55. Möng Hsu - Spelling change
56. Möng Nawng (Maingnaung) - Added a space
57. Keng Hkam (Kyaing Hkan) - Spelling change
Mongpai province
I rearranged the locations in this province and added 2 new ones, trying to separate them based on the different valleys in this region:
58. Lawksawk (Yatsauk) - Northern valley, Lawksawk is technically not in the northern valley but there wasn't a better name since Lawksawk always controlled that valley
59. Hsamönghkam (Thamaingkan or Thamakan) - The western valley and highlands, I also extended it a little further westwards into the wasteland and Pinle location since the valley extends further this way (e.g around modern Ywangan). There were a lot of small states and towns in this region, but Hsa Möng Hkam seems to be the oldest.
60. Yawnghwe (Nyaungshwe or Nyaungywa) - The central valley around Inle Lake. Taunggyi didn't exist before British rule, so that was removed.
61. Möng Ping (Maingpyin) - Some small valleys and their surrounding hills, north to modern Möng Lang and south to modern Hopong. This could also probably be called "Möng Pying" to avoid confusion with the other Möng Ping
62. Nawngwawn (Naungwun or Naungmon) - Eastern valley, Nawng Wawn seems to be the oldest important settlement
63. Möng Pai (Mobye) - Southern valley, not really changed from its original location, I just moved the border slightly further northwest
Mongnai province
64. Möng Küng (Maingkaing) - Added a space
65. Laihka (Legya) - Removed the space
66. Keng Tawng (Kyaingtaung) - Extended the border slightly further east into Möng Ton, this area was traditionally owned by the Keng Tawng sub-state (and looks better)
67. Möng Nai (Mone) - Spelling change
68. Mawkmai (Maukme) - Unchanged
69. Möng Pan (Maing Pan) - New location, split from Möng Ton and Mawkmai. The southern portion of this new location wasn't part of Mawkmai until the 1800s, so it's not necessary to include that as part of Mawkmai location
70. Möng Ton - Spelling change
Kengtung province
71. Möng Pu - New location, split from Möng Ping to reduce its size
72. Möng Ping - Spelling adjusted. Border extended into the northern portion of Keng Tung, this area is mountainous and completely cut off from Keng Tung so it makes more sense to go to Möng Ping
73. Möng Yang - Spelling adjusted
74. Keng Tung (Kyaingtong) - Name given a space. Border extended into the southern portion of Möng Yang, the mountains cut off this area from the rest of Möng Yang.
75. Möng Hsat - Unchanged
76. Möng Hpayak - Spelling adjusted
77. Möng Yawng - Spelling adjusted
Yunnan area
I haven't added any new locations in China because I think the density was fine (with the exception of Menglian province, which is partly in Myanmar and had large locations). I couldn't find names for some locations, if any Chinese speakers can help find Dai origin names then I could be able to help with translating them.
A lot of names here are still from the Upper Burma Gazetteer, so the same rule applies about that being the primary reference unless stated otherwise. Some names are transliterated directly from the Tai Nüa script https://www.omniglot.com/writing/dehongdai.htm, for which I've slightly adjusted a few letters based on the IPA to have them line up better with spellings from the Burma Gazetteer and main Shan State.
A list of place names with their Chinese counterparts can be found here:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mueang and here: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koshanpye
I'll give those Chinese counterparts in brackets below.
Tengchong province
78. Santa (Zhanda)
79. Möng La (Yingjiang) - Can also be spelled Möng Na
80. Möng Myen (Tengchong) - Called Momien in Burmese.
81. Möng Ti (Lianghe)
Mangshi province
82. Möng Wan (Longchuan)
83. Möng Mao (Mengmao/Ruili)
84. Möng Hkawn (Mangshi) - Can also be spelled Möng Hkwan or Möng Kawn
Yongchang province
85. Möng Hkö (Lujiang) - Transliterated from ᥛᥫᥒᥰ ᥑᥫᥰ
86. Möng Sang (Yongchang/Baoshan) - Technically called "Meng Sang" in the Upper Burma Gazetteer, but I think "Meng" is very obviously just a Chinese reading of Möng. The Upper Burma Gazetteer also calls it Wan Chang in other places
87. Möng Long (Longling) - Can also be spelled Möng Lung
88. Möng Mo (Jiucheng) - Transliterated from ᥛᥫᥒᥰ ᥑᥫᥰ
89. Möng Hkeng (Zhenkang) - This one is only mentioned in the Upper Burma Gazetteer, where the Chinese name is spelt Chen Kang
Shunning province
90. Möng Htong (Changning) - Transliterated from ᥛᥫᥒᥰ ᥗᥨᥒᥴ
91. Möng Hten (Fengqing) - Transliterated from ᥛᥫᥒᥰ ᥗᥦᥢᥴ
Mengding province
92. Möng Ting (Mengding)
93. Möng Tum (Mengdong) - Transliterated from ᥛᥫᥒᥰ ᥖᥧᥛᥰ
94. Möng Möng (Mengmeng)
95. Möng Myen (Lincang) - Could also be spelled Möng Men
Menglian province
I have added 2 locations in this province on the modern Burmese side
(Burma side)
96. Man Hpang - New location, split from Pangyang because the original location was huge compared to its neighbours, and to represent the borders of the Mot Hai sub-state. Man Hpang was given as the capital city of Mot Hai
97. Pangyang - Border slightly extended eastwards
98. Man Pan - Renamed from Matman. Man Pan was given as the capital of the Maw Hpa sub-state
99. Panghseng - New location, split from Man Pan to reduce the size and to represent the borders of the Maw Hpa sub-state. The name is given as "Pang Hseng" in the Upper Burma Gazetteer, but I removed the space
(Chinese side)
100. Möng Ka (Mengka) - A Tai script name isn't actually given for this, but we can assume that Meng = Möng
101. Möng Lem (Menglian)
102. Möng Lam (Lancang) - Transliterated from ᥛᥫᥒᥰ ᥘᥣᥛᥰ
103. Möng Ngüm (Shangyun) - Transliterated from ᥛᥫᥒᥰ ᥒᥤᥛᥰ
Weiyuan province
104. Möng Ban (Mengban) - A Tai script name isn't given for this, again we can assume that Meng = Möng
Simao province
A lot of names below this point are from the book "Burmese Sources for Lan Na Thai history", where I've tried to place their names based on a map of Sipsongpanna (map). Unless stated otherwise, this is the source for all names below.
105. Möng La (Simao)
106. Keng Tong (Chiang Tong on the Map) - Could also just be named Möng Lie based on the original name (Menglie)
Cheli province
107. Keng Law (Chiang Lo on the linked map) - The Upper Burma Gazetteer also mentions Keng Law on the border with Mong La (In Burma, not any of the other Mong La's)
108. Möng Hai (Menghai)
109. Keng Hung (Jinghong) - also in Upper Burma Gazetteer
110. Möng Hing (Meng Hing on the map)
111. Möng Pang (Mengban) - I'm not 100% sure about this one, but it seems right
112. Möng La (Mengla) - This name is identical to Simao Möng La except for the tone marker, another name for this location could be "Möng Hpong" (Mengpeng) which is mentioned in the Upper Burma Gazetteer
113. Möng Hu No (Meng U-Nua on map) - Currently Yot Ou in-game. This could probably also just be called "Möng Hu", since I think the "No" is only there to distinguish it from "Möng Hu Haii" which is a few miles away
The Situation in 1337
Countries
View attachment 1213794
General borders, don't take them as final, and sorry for the quality. The southeastern Shan states seem mostly correct for 1337, though the extreme south of Hsenwi might have been independent if I'm remembering right.
An interesting time period, Möng Mao is on the verge of huge conquests into all of the other Shan states, essentially uniting them into a confederation which would challenge Burma and China for the remaining century. The two most powerful states were Möng Mao and Möng Kawng, though it may not seem that way when first looking at the map - I'll elaborate more on population levels in another section.
According to the Shan chronicles, most Shan states in 1337 (including the Ahom) claim to have already been ruled by the dynasty from Möng Mao, the Mao dynasty or Hsö (tiger) clan. There are some exceptions to this, like in Kengtung and Chiang Hung, where they are ruled by the Mangrai dynasty of Lan Na. Some of the Shan chronicles can be found in the Gazetteer of Upper Burma, and I'd highly recommend Ney Elias's book "Introductory Sketch of the History of the Shans" (PDF: https://www.burmalibrary.org/sites/...e_shans_in_upper_burma_and_western_yunnan.pdf) which goes into details on the geneologies and rulers of multiple states.
Möng Mao owns the lands in the Nam Mao valley (Möng Mao, Namhkam, Muse) and probably a couple other neighbouring locations. It might be best to give them a few more locations in Yunnan unless there will be an event simulating their rise a few years after the start of the game, or lots of small Tusi states.
I haven't represented the exact borders of the Tusi states, because I have no clue what that would be. But there were seemingly a lot of small states which Möng Mao could easily invade.
Manmaw (Bhamo) has been removed and merged with Möng Mit, Bhamo only split from Möng Mit in 1470 (according to Ney Elias)
Möng Kawng and Möng Yang have been merged into one state, there are a lot of mentions of their histories being identical, with one state disappearing in records as soon as the other appears, which suggests this was just an alternating capital of the single state. Möng Kawng has also been extended into the Hukawng valley and up to the border with Ahom, the border between the two kingdoms was officially marked here in 1401, but that's only because the Ahom kingdom was considered a tributary state to Möng Kawng before then. https://www.jstor.org/stable/44142722
I added Hkamti Long as a subject of Möng Kawng due to its remote nature, it was technically only a province. It's not really clear when this region was settled by Shans, the Shan chronicles put it in the mid 13th century, but this is the only source. The thing about the Shan chronicles being the only source is that the exact same thing is true for the Ahom kingdom existing in 1337, so you end up in a situation where if you represent one, you have to represent the other.
I renamed Wuntho to Waing Hsö, which is the Shan name (that name is still given on Wikipedia so I think it's fine to change https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wuntho). In reference to this country, the Upper Burma Gazetteer briefly mentions that "no such state existed in the period of Shan domination" (i.e 1200-1500), but doesn't elaborate on this. If it really didn't exist, then this area would've been a part of the Möng Kawng-Möng Yang state.
I added Möng Küng (or Möng Küng Kwai) in the previously uncolonized area on the Chindwin river, Shan settlements were essentially synonymous with Shan state structures so I don't think any Shan-inhabited areas should be uncolonized. This area seems to have been conquered by Möng Kawng in the 1400s. The existence of this state is briefly mentioned in "The Early Syām and Rise of Mäng Mao" (https://so06.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/pub_jss/article/view/158133): "Thihathu thus had to repulse the troops of Onbaung and Maing-hkaing the first explicit mention by the Old Burmese inscription of the toponym of Tai origins other than Khanti and Tagaung" and then in the notes: "Onbaung is Ungpöng in Tai, modern Hsipaw (Sipö). Maing-hkaing (not to be confused with Maing-kaing located to the south of Hsipaw) should be either Mäng Khüng or Khäng in Tai, located in the vicinity of Wuntho to the west of the Irrawaddy." This is the same as the "Möng Küng" in my location notes, the modern Maing Kaing on the Chindwin. It's also mentioned in the Hsenwi chronicle as "Möng Küng Kwai", which might be a better name to avoid confusion.
Hkampat and Hsawnghsup have been added as 2 small states in the Kabaw valley, they're referenced in Meitei history: https://imphalreviews.in/the-bounda...nd-meitei-king-chaopha-hom-kingyamba-of-1740/
Cultures
Dai, Shan, and Ahom are essentially the same culture, and this would have been especially true in 1337. I'll elaborate below:
The "Dai" name is just a designation used by the Chinese government for Tai Nüa, Tai Lü, Tai Dam, and by extension all other Tai-speaking peoples. Tai Nüa is extremely similar to the Shan spoken in Shan state, and throughout history they viewed themselves as identical with the Shan in Burma, I think even today they don't view eachother very differently besides living in different countries. The same can be said for Tai Lü people, who share a lot in common with the Tai Khun people (who are already considered "Shan") in Kengtung. Tai Dam people are further in the east, in Vietnam and Laos, their language descends from the same branch as Shan, but I'm not sure if other aspects of their culture and history would be close enough to put them under the "Shan" label.
The Ahom people may seem different when you look at later history, but in 1337 they were essentially just another one of many Shan states. They shared a language, religion, state structure, food, and even the same ruling family. For reference of just how similar they were, the Shan dialect spoken in Muse shares more similarities with Ahom than it does with its neighbours a few miles south. (Reference: "Phonological Relationship Between Ahom and Tai Nua as Evidence Origin of the Ahom People" by Ranee Lertluemsai") However, I can see an argument for Ahom being a separate culture for flavour reason, because modern articles write Ahom names differently from Shan names (e.g. Sukaphaa in Ahom vs Hsö Ka Hpa in Shan), but that's all it really is, a historiography difference.
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The Jingpo people had not spread so far south yet in 1337, their original homeland was in the Tibetan plateau, and they began spreading southwards sometime between the 13th-17th century. The Upper Burma Gazetteer (linked above in the location details) mentions that there's no evidence that the Kachin (Jingpo) people lived any further south than Myitkyina until the late 18th century. This leaves a lot of locations that need their culture changed, because the Jingpo (and by extension, Lisu) people are present in a lot of locations they shouldn't be. The Hukawng valley (northwest of Mong Kawng) was entirely Shan until the 18th century, and the Patkai hills to the northwest had a small Shan population (around modern Pangsau) and a number of Naga tribes (as mentioned in the Ahom chronicles). In the current Mong Kawng, Bhamo, and Mong Mit, states, there wouldn't have been a Jingpo population at all, the same is probably true for Waingmaw and the Chinese locations directly east. Palaungs were possibly spread further around here, but I'm not sure, it's something to look into. There was also possibly a Shan presence in Putao (Hkamti Long).
A culture that could be added would be the Kadu people, who lived alongside the Shan in areas from Mong Kawng to Wuntho and possibly as far as Kale. The Kadu were valley-dwelling people like the Burmese and Shan, and were well respected among the Shan people, so they shouldn't be represented as tribal pops like some of the other cultures around here might be.
There was also a small presence of Shan people in the Burmese central valley. https://www.academia.edu/3768911/Cr...he_Ming_in_the_Tai_Frontier_Zone_1382_1454_77 "After Pagan’s collapse in the late thirteenth century until the pacification of the Shan hills by the First Toungoo Dynasty in the mid-sixteenth century, the valley’s northern and eastern frontiers lay open to waves of Shan [Tai] migrants, who settled in Yamethin, Meiktila, Toungoo, Ava, and Taungdwingyi districts. Although these irruptions killed some local cultivators and dislocated agriculture, they probably produced a net increase in the population of the lowlands, especially since many displaced Burmans simply moved south to open new lands in the Upper Irrawaddy delta and the Sittang corridor (Lieberman, 1991, 4)"
Religion
In this period, the Shan people did not practice Theravada Buddhism in any large numbers. Their beliefs were partially influenced by Buddhism, but this was from forms of Mahayana Buddhism, using Sanskrit instead of Pali and having certain practices unique to Mahayana. Most of their practices were still based around their traditional religion (Satsana Phi?) which included ancestor/spirit worship, animal sacrifices, a pantheon of deities, etc.
This changed in the 16th century during King Bayinnaung's reign, after conquering the Shan states he sent Burmese missionaries to the "heretic" Shan states, and from then on they became Theravada Buddhists.
(https://epress.nus.edu.sg/msl/reign/hong-wu/year-30-month-9-day-19) (https://www.burmalibrary.org/en/the-shans-vol-i (page 150))
Also, I noticed that you changed the Ahom religion from Satsana Phi to Phuralung. The Ahoms brought their religion from their original home in the Shan states, inviting scholars and priests who remained in contact with eachother for centuries to come. This change should either be reverted, or all of the Shan people should follow the "Phuralung" religion, because these were really just the same thing.
Population
The concentration of pops could be moved around a bit. The most important detail is that Mong Mao and Mong Kawng were (according to Shan, Burmese, and Chinese histories) the strongest states throughout the time period, due to their positions in very fertile and populated valleys. For some sort of reference, Captain Hannay remarked in 1836 that Bhamo (Manmaw) was the largest town he had seen in Burma, and in Volume 1 of the Gazetteer of Upper Burma, this is said about Mong Kawng: "Here it is only necessary to say that the town of Mogaung bears every appearance of having once been a large and very thriving centre. Its area is considerably larger than that of Bhamo and it contains several miles of paved streets." There's also other forms of evidence, such as the war between Mong Kawng and the Ahom Kingdom in 1401 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sudangphaa), in this war the countries were essentially an equal match for eachother, which seems crazy when you look at the map and see Mong Kawng with a population of 4k and Ahom with a population of 300k.
Other details
I think a market should be added to upper Burma, the Tea Horse road was very active during this period, and was sometimes competitive with the sea routes. Some historians speculate that the migrations of the Shan west and the expansion of Mong Mao were both directly tied to these trade routes (https://so06.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/pub_jss/article/view/158133) Trade in central Burma was apparently not very active in this time, which is why I would suggest Man Maw (Bhamo) being the market center. Bhamo was an important center on the trade route because it's the point where the overland trade route combines with the trade sailing up and down the Irrawaddy, and many states would fight over control for it.
On Shan names (of people) try to keep track of what language a name has been translated from, as an example, the Shan ruler "Hsö Hkan Hpa" might have his name written as "Si Kefa" in Chinese, "Thohanbwa" in Burmese, or something like "Sukanphaa" in Ahom. Another thing to note on Shan names is that the parts "Hsö", "Sao", "Hpa", and some others are royal titles, and shouldn't be included as names of random peasants
Also, if the art people need any help with flag designs or other aesthetics, here are some inspirations for the Shan states:
- Möng Kawng (meaning Drum Town) had the symbol of a drum-shaped sapphire, according to a legend this sapphire was found on the site of the town and then passed down in the royal family.
- Möng Yang (Crane Town) had the symbol of a crane (bird, not the machinery) from the same legend.
- Möng Mit (Dagger Town) was founded on the site where a dagger struck into the ground, according to the same legend.
- Möng Mao means "Dizzy Town", but their rulers come from the "Hsö" clan, meaning tiger.
- Waing Hsö (Tiger City)
- Hkamti Long (Great Land of Gold)
- Hkampat (Gold Necklace)
- Möng Küng (Lac Town) or Möng Küng Kwai (Kwai meaning buffalo)
- Hsipaw (Four Pots / Four Corners)
- Hsenwi was sometimes called "Hsenwi Hsi-Hsö" (Country of the Four Tigers)
And finally, the Gazetteer of Upper Burma and the Shan States (linked above in the location list) is also a great source on the population levels, ethnic make-up, raw materials and industries, and terrain for individual settlements in the 19th century, so it's a good place to check everything.
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