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Tinto Maps #6 - 14th of June 2024 - Great Britain & Ireland

Hello everyone. @Pavía and the rest of the Content Design team are busy working on the feedback for the previous Tinto Maps, so I'm standing in for this week.

I'm @SaintDaveUK, some of you might have seen me here and there on the forums, but the long story short is that I work on a very secret game whose name I am contractually obligated to redact. That's right, it's ███████ ██████!

This week you get a double-whammy, mostly because it’s really hard to show Britain on its own on a screenshot. Partly to side-step the “British Isles” naming controversy, but mainly because the gameplay of them both is so different, this part of Europa is divided into 2 distinct regions: Great Britain and Ireland.

Climate​

The mild Oceanic climate (Köppen Cfb) dominates the isles. Where it cools towards the inland Pennines and the Scottish Highlands (Köppen Cfc), we represent it with the wintry and dreich Continental climate.

climate.jpg




Topography​

The isles are dominated by green and pleasant flatlands and low rolling hills, the peripheries punctuated by rocky mountains and craggy highlands.

We would like to add some more impassable locations in northern England and the Scottish borders to make manoeuvres a little more interesting and strategic, but would like suggestions from people more familiar with the Pennines.

[Edit: 16 June added the missing map]

topography.JPG


Vegetation​

The great moors, bogs, and fens are represented by Sparse vegetation, meanwhile much of the land is still wooded.

vegetation.jpg




Raw Materials​

The raw goods situation aims to reflect the economic reality of medieval Britain. Shepherding was common on every corner of the islands, a lot of the wool produced was sold to the industrial hub of the Low Countries to be manufactured into cloth, which was in turn sold back to British markets.

The further north-west we go, the less fertile the terrain, and as such the greater reliance on pastoral farming such as livestock over wheat. The western hills and valleys also expose a greater number of mineral delights, including the historic stannary mines of Devon and Cornwall.

raw_materials.jpg




Markets​

As you can see the two starting markets are London and Dublin. Aside from London we could have chosen almost any town, from Aberdeen to Bristol. We chose Dublin as it was the main trade centre in Ireland, and also because it handsomely splits the isles to the East and West of the Pennines, demonstrating the impact that terrain can have on dynamic Market attraction.

They are both shades of red because they are coloured after the market centre’s top overlord country – market control is a viable playstyle and we like to think of it as a form of map painting for countries not focused on traditional conquest routes.

market.jpg




Culture​

We have decided to go with a monolithic English culture. We could have forced the introduction of a second Northumbrian or even third Mercian culture, but typically they were not really considered separate peoples. The English, though diverse in origin and with a variety of dialects, had already begun to coalesce in the face of the Viking invasions hundreds of years before.

Scotland, conversely, is a real porridge of cultures. The Lowland Scots (who speak a dialect of Northumbrian English that later develops into the Scots language) dominate their kingdom from their wealthy burghs, and are gradually encroaching onto the pastoral lands of the Gaelic Highlanders. The Norse-Gaelic clansmen watch from the Western Isles, with some old settlements remaining around Galloway. The far north, ironically called Sutherland, retains some Norse presence.

Wales, conquered for around a century by this point, plays host to English burghers looking to make a few quid, as well as the descendants of Norman adventurer knights in the marcher lordships, but is still majority Welsh-speaking from Anglesey to Cardiff.

The Anglo-Irish (representing the spectrum from Cambro-Norman knights to the so-called ‘Old English’ settlers) live in great numbers in the south-eastern trading towns from Dublin to Cork, as well as in smaller numbers in frontier outposts.

The cosmopolitan towns across the isles are also home to people from elsewhere in Europe, most notably Flemish weavers from the Low Countries, though their numbers are too small to impact the mapmode.

The Norman ███████ dominates as the ██████████████ for both of the kingdoms and their subjects. The conquest of 1066 is no longer fresh, but the continuing bonds between the aristocratic classes of England, Scotland, and France have kept the French language alive and strong.

culture.jpg






Religion​

I decided that it's not even worth taking a screenshot of the Religion map mode. There are tiny minorities of Jewish people in some Scottish and Irish towns (they had been expelled from England), but they are so small in number they don't even register on the map mode

Other than that, it's all Catholic. But not for long.

> John Wycliffe has entered the chat.


Areas​

Based on the 4 provinces of Ireland (sorry Meath) and splitting England roughly into the larger Anglo-Saxon earldoms which have some similarity with the modern Regions (sorry Yorkshire).

areas.jpg





Provinces​

We have fixed the colours of the Provinces mapmode so you can see the individual provinces a bit more clearly. These are largely based on the historic counties, which have remained fairly constant throughout history, while merging some of those that are too small.

We’ve almost certainly offended someone.

The ancient Scottish shires are pretty messy and difficult to coalesce into neat provinces, so any suggestions for better arrangement there would be very welcome.

provinces.jpg




Locations​


You might notice that the locations in Ireland are varyingly written in both English and in Irish. This is because we have the new system up-and-running where we can name Locations by the primary culture of the country they are owned by.

This means that for example London might be called Londres if it was ruled by a Catalan country. It’s currently a WIP feature and we might add more elements, such as a game setting to base the name on dominant culture of the location instead, or to just use default (English) names.

locations.jpg




Government Types​

As with most of Europe, most of the countries are under some monarchy or another, but the Irish tuathas begin with the Tribe government type. This, among other mechanics such as [redacted] helps to give them a very unique playing style in Europe.

government.jpg


Countries​

England

England of course stands as the dominant kingdom in the isles. Despite having a lot of power resting on the barons, the country is fairly unitary even at this point, with very little practical separation between the crown’s power in somewhere like Kent versus Yorkshire. However there are notable exceptions.

The powerful Burgesses estate in the City of London enjoys ancient freedoms from royal power, while the king peers in from the Crown’s seat of power in neighbouring Westminster.

The County Palatine of Durham is not represented by a country, but buildings that give the Clergy Estate a huge amount of power in the locations it is present in. This also ties into political gameplay as a ██████████ ██████.

The newly created Duchy of Cornwall—the only duchy in England at the time—would also not be represented well by the Cornwall country, being a disparate set of manorial holdings that are ironically mostly in Devon. Cornwall of course exists as a releasable country though.

The Isle of Man is a little less certain. For now we have it as a subject of England. On paper it was a ‘kingdom’ awarded to William Montagu, the king’s favourite, however we aren’t sure if he actually wielded any real power on the isle. It changed hands between England and Scotland numerous times in this period, but in practice it appears to have been governed by a local council of barons. Any more details on exactly what was going on here in this period would be greatly appreciated.

These decisions have been made because as England heaves itself out of the feudal system, we thought it would be best if the small-fry inward-looking internal politicking is handled through the Estates and [redacted] systems, and then the diplomacy tracks are freed up for the English player to behave more outwardly against other major countries.

Wales

Though subjugated by conquest, Wales was not formally annexed into the Kingdom of England until the mid 1500s. As such the principality begins as a Dominion subject under England.

Those familiar with Welsh history will note that historically the Principality of Wales didn’t extend much beyond the old kingdom of Gywnedd. Much of the country to the southeast was in fact ruled by marcher lords, which we represent with a powerful Nobility estate in the valleys and beyond.

There is an alternative vision of Wales that I would like to gauge opinion on, and that is expanding it to include the Earldom of Chester and the marches on the English side of the modern border. If you are an Englishman familiar with modern borders this might look alarming, but these lands were also constitutionally ambiguous parts of the “Welsh Marches” until the 1500s. This will hand over to the Wales player the full responsibility of dealing with the marcher lords, allowing England to focus on bigger picture issues like beating France.

Ireland

Ireland is going through a moment of change. English royal power is centred on the Lordship of the Pale, the king’s Dominion ruling out of Dublin Castle. However, it struggles to keep a grasp on the rebellious Hiberno-Norman earls scattered around the island - some of whom remain as vassals, some of whom have managed to slip free of royal control.

The Tanistry system of succession endemic to the Gaelic Irish has its advantages, but it can also lead to chaotic feuds between rival branches. The so-called Burke Civil War has fractured the powerful Earldom of Ulster into rival Burke cousins who jealously feud over their shrinking lordships in Connaught. Native Irish princes of the north have reconquered most of their own lands from the de Burghs, but there are also two rival O’Neill cousins who style themselves King of Tyrone either side of the River Bann.

The feuding Irish lack a unifying figure, but anyone powerful enough could theoretically claim the title of High King. The former provincial kingdoms, such as Meath and Connacht, enjoy the elevated rank of Duchy, giving them a slight edge in the High Kingship selection.

Scotland

The chancer Edward Balliol continues his attempt for the Scottish throne, with England’s tacit permission. It’s hard to determine the exact lands held by Balliol in 1337, but we know his disinherited loyalists hold the castle of Perth while his English allies had seized large tracts of the lowlands from Bruce. Balliol has also bought the loyalty of the MacDonald and the other Hebridean galley lords by granting them remote land on the west coast of the mainland.

Meanwhile, Scotland’s canny regent Sir Andrew de Moray launches his decisive counterattack as his true king, David II de Bruce, waits in exile in France.

political.jpg


Dynasties​

We know about Plantagenet, Balliol, and Bruce, so I've zoomed in on Ireland to show the ruling dynasties of the various chieftains and earls.

dynasty.jpg


Population​

Excuse the seams and the greyscale mapmode. We have something better in the pipeline...

population_country.jpg
population_location.jpg




Well, thats it for now!

As always the team is eagerly awaiting your feedback and looking forward to the discussions. We’ll try to keep on top of the thread, but we have a teambuilding activity this afternoon so it might be a little more sporadic than usual!

Next week: Anatolia!
 
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I feel like Bedfordshire is an odd choice for the province name. I think Oxfordshire would work better, considering Bedfordshire wasn't as important a county as Oxfordshire. Also was wondering if there will be an option to unite the London locations later in the game or if they will stay as separate locations?
I agree with this. Especially so, given John Wycliff entered chat earlier - I'm guessing asking, 'Dude, where's my county?!' - though could be that was just his pre-reformation pot-stirring, as usual...

Alternativly, just split the current Bedfordshire North-South, and name the West part Oxfordshire and the East Bedfordshire. That would make them more appropriately sized and geo-accurate.
 
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Cirencester doesn't make sense as a coastal location and should produce wool. Cirencester as a location should be where the Marlborough, Chippenham, Cheltenham and Gloucester locations meet roughly. I'm not sure what should fill the coastal are where your proposed Cirencester is though.
My original position was Berkely its near the coast and was an important settlement, but depending on how the boundaries are drawn Cirencester was a more important town and would be a better fit.

My position on Coastal locations i.e. with Bath/Bristol is that if a dominant coastal settlement is there then that is what the location should be named after, but not all coasts had port towns so you shouldnt expect every coastal location to be named after one. Bristol/Bath should both be split as they are the largest settlements and were administratively unique. The Berkely/Cirencester location should exist, but what its named after is a bit of debate. Any other suggestions are welcome
 
And when did that deforestation happen? Most of Great Britain's forests were cleared in the Bronze Age. Project Caesar starts in 1337, when forest cover in many European countries was lower than today.
The site you linked doesn't say anything about when these forests disappeared.
I did look into this a bit more and, yes you're correct and I was mistaken about the state of forest cover around the 14th century, so I do retract what I said!

Interestingly, from what I can infer, the clearance of the forest around cockermouth location in the maps looks to have been closer to the dark ages and specifically Northumbrian, then viking settlements from the 7th centuries onwards, rather than the bronze age.

Source linked below.

 
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I'm of cource no Brit and no Brit expert, but I do know that even today there's a massive difference between Northern and Southern English people. Especially since Northerners use borrowed Norse words, while Southerners don't, then there's already case that English should be split into English and Northumbrian for the very least.

It is also hard to know how cultures should be split, when we don't know what exactly Culture entails in this game. Like does this game use CK3's culture formatting or is it more like Vicky 3, where each culture has traits that make certain differences between cultures.
There are quite a few words used by all English speakers that has a Norse origin. E.g. window or sandbank. A quick google search will give you a long list of more or less common English words that fit the bill so I will not bother with a list here.
 
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I would oppose granting the Earldoms of Chester, Hereford and Shrewsbury to Wales. They were areas where the English crown had less control, that's accepted, but placing them in Wales seems absurd given that Mercia was undeniably an Anglo-Saxon Kingdom and the lands were fully Anglicised long before the start date. You can look at the place names; they're all Anglo-Saxon-derived, not Celtic-derived. And while the Marches weren't governed by English law, they weren't governed by Welsh law either; the 1215 Magna Carta and 1277 Treaty of Aberconwy solidify a unique Marches law distinct from that of both England and Wales. I think using the autonomy and estates mechanics is the best way of dealing with them.
 
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1718442944018.png


I feared this might happen.

I rate my chances as less than 50/50 but you don’t know if you don’t try, so…

Why this location should be renamed Woking

Woking Hundred


Woking was one of the Hundreds of Surrey, and this included the parish of Stoke juxta Guildford (https://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/surrey/vol3/p339). There are 13 other hundreds, granted, but this evidences that the location you've selected was considered a part of the superior town to the north. It's also worth nothing that the hundred was the form of administrative division that was utilised from Anglo-Saxon England until the 19th century, so is relevant to our timeframe.

Woking Palace

Discussed in more detail at https://www.exploringsurreyspast.or...y/woking/old_woking/old_woking_woking_palace/, was frequently visited by Henry VII and Henry VIII.

Indeed it was here that, in 1490, Henry VII and Maximilian of Austria signed the Treaty of Woking (http://www.woking-palace.org/tudors.html) which, as we're all aware, was a pact against the French, to prevent them from dominating Europe, and sealed the betrothal of his eldest son, Arthur, to Catherine of Aragon, who of course would later marry Henry VIII.

Cathedrals towns and mosques

I’ve heard it said, including by my own Father, that Guildford is the only town in the country with a cathedral – tradition being that anywhere in England / Great Britain with a cathedral is a city.

However this, is untrue, as other “Cathedral Towns” include (but are not limited to):
  • Blackburn
  • Bury St. Edmunds
  • Rochester
    • Admittedly down to a modern administrative error
  • Southwark
    • I know Southwark is in London, but Westminster is a city in London so there is nothing to prevent Southwark being a city too
  • Southwell (Nottinghamshire)
So, if you have selected Guildford on the basis that it is the only town in England with a cathedral, a myth that I believe is perpetuated by people who believe that the Sun orbits Guildford, please be assured that this is incorrect.

Furthermore, Guildford Cathedral only started construction in 1936, 599 years after Project Caesar’s start date. If the cathedral was part of your reasoning, it’s also worth being aware that the Shah Jehan Mosque in Woking, built in 1889, was the first purpose-built mosque in the UK and, whilst also well out of Project Caesar’s timeframe, I believe it’s a much more unique and interesting reason to justify a location selection.

Conclusion

Whilst the current location might traditionally be known as the county town of Surrey, I'm sure that after my completely objective and unbiased reasoning, you'll all agree that Guildford should be renamed to Woking.

Thank you for reading.


Other observations (that aren't to do with my home town)

With apologies if I'm repeating any one since I've not read through all other responses

Raw materials
  • One of Retford, Chesterfield, Sheffield or Wakefield should have coal, given the mining heritage in those areas.
  • I think I've seen copper as a resource in another map. If it is a resource, one location in Wales should have it (http://www.welshcopper.org.uk/en/copper-guides_exhibition_wales.htm). Given that Parys Mountain is the location of a mine and you already have plenty of fish, Anglesey could be a good location to host copper.
Provinces / Counties
  • You won't be surprised to know I think Surrey should be split out from Sussex. But I also appreciate Surrey probably doesn't have the historical identity some of our other counties do
  • I've seen comments elsewhere about Bedfordshire encompassing so much, and I agree it should be broken up. I'd have thought Oxfordshire should be on the map given the importance of Oxford and Wallingford to the period (possibly also a little biased given that's where I now live), but I also understand calls for Berks & Bucks to be incorporated
  • Middlesex does look like modern Greater London, and I'd even suggest the position of the location London is more Essex than Middx. Wouldn't be surprised if you end up renaming Middx to London!
Locations
  • Agree with comments I've seen about the shape of Guildford Woking / Surrey, in that it stretches too far east and looks a bit thin that end. I'd suggest extending Chatham westwards a bit, but also the border with Southwark moving northwards; Croydon, Brixton and Wandsworth were all in Surrey before Greater London
  • Will we get to see a map with rivers on? Re Oxford / Windsor, the border between Oxon & Berks traditionally was the Thames, and it'd be good to see that as the dividing line if the Thames does feature on the map.
  • Typo - Oswestry (unless Owestry is an old version of the name that I'm not aware of!)
  • I've seen comments about locations being based off of post-Industrial Revolution towns and agree this should be reviewed. I agreed with pretty much everything here:
  • My issue with the locations is that England looks very notably post-industrial revolution - a large number of these towns only rose to relevance in the late 1700s, if not later, and have no business appearing in 1337 if e.g. Warsaw doesn't!

    I'd suggest the following changes:

    Liverpool - irrelevant until the 17th century - could be West Derby.
    Manchester - Salford, or perhaps Bolton.
    Crewe - essentially didn't exist until 1837. Nantwich was the centre of the local hundred.
    Wrexham - Flint or St Asaph
    Stoke - Not relevant until the 18th century. Leek was the main market town of northern Staffordshire I believe.
    Owestry - fine but should be Oswestry, with an s.
    Corby - a very new town, only relevant since mining began in the 20th century. I would expand this location east and rename it Peterborough, as historically the Soke was associated with Northamptonshire rather than Cambridgeshire. The remains of the old Peterborough location should become Ely.
    Southend - only relevant since the 19th century. Rochford was more relevant during this time.
    Cheltenham - owes its existence due to its founding as a spa town in the 18th century. Should be Cirencester.
    Swindon - Irrelevant until it became a railway hubs in the 19th century. I would redraw Wiltshire to make Chippenham the northern province, and the southern 2/3 of Chippenham the county town of Trowbridge.

    Finally, the shape of the 1965 borders of Greater London sticks out like a sore thumb. I'd give Westminsters the borders of pre-1800s Middlesex, and cut Southwark off at the historical Kent-Surrey border, shifting the Guildford-Surrey border to make it look less like the product of mid-20th century squabbles over tax policy! Maps of the hundreds (historical second-level administrative subdivision) of every historical UK county are easily accessible online, and would be very useful for drawing accurately-granular sub-county borders!

  • Corby was one of the New Towns, designated in 1950. Looking at its Wikipedia page, there is a history before then but it does feel a bit odd that a New Town is on there - I wouldn't expect to see Milton Keynes, Telford or Crawley, as other examples.
  • Location of Beverley, which is just to the north of Hull doesn't look right. If you're want a location between York, Leeds and Hull, I'd have thought Selby would be more appropriate, especially given it had an important medieval abbey (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selby_Abbey)
  • Wight - you've gone for the same naming protocol as Mann here, but if you want a more specific location, Carisbrooke was the island's capital and location of the castle that the French tried to take in 1377 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carisbrooke_Castle)

I'm of cource no Brit and no Brit expert, but I do know that even today there's a massive difference between Northern and Southern English people
As a Brit who, whilst a born and bred southerner, has travelled to most corners of Britain, I'm comfortable stating there really isn't that much difference between northerners and southerners. Different accents, definitely, some slang words, yes, but not much more than that.

Of course we're talking about modelling culture from almost 700 years ago here and I have little knowledge of medieval Northumbria. But in assessing whether English culture needs to be split for gameplay purposes, I wouldn't overstate differences today.
 
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Here are a few suggestions for the my home region (the southeast) that might be of some use.

View attachment 1148308

Starting with Kent, from the Domesday book through the 19th century it was divided into five ‘Lathes’ for administrative purposes. These borders roughly match the Lathes. I would change Chatham to Rochester (which I’ve called Rochdale on the map oops) as the former hadn’t developed much beyond a fort until the early 19th century, and I’d add Dartford, an important market town that wouldn’t be absorbed into the London sprawl until the early 20th.

Sussex looks good, though I’ve added Lewes, an important regional trade and administrative centre.

The same goes for Hampshire, I’d suggest Lymington as another trade centre and the core of British salt production (?).

Oxfordshire and Berkshire are both quite large, and Henley and Reading, both wealthy market towns with royal links.

Northamptonshire looks good, though I’d jig up the name placements. Banbury was an important trade centre for the county, though not actually in it (right on the border though).

I’ve switched the borders of Cambridge and Huntingdon to match their shire borders, and Ely might have been a slightly more significant cathedral town than Peterborough through this time period.

Bedford, Buckingham and Hertford now match their shire borders. Aylesbury was an important market and the country town of buckinghamshire for a while, and the unlabelled location south of Hertford is St Albans, a cathedral town and an important religious pilgrimage site (and market…)

London was rather small geographically throughout the game’s timeline, and I’ve tried to cut it down to just Middlesex + the urban sprawl beginning to develop just east of it. I’m not sure how easy it would be to represent the London - Westminster divide in a province this size but I’ve tried. Most of Middlesex remained largely rural until the 1930s - Uxbridge was probably the largest trade centre in the rural western 2/3s, and could also act as a producer of clay.

Surrey’s economy was rather distinct from that of Sussex, largely textile based rather than trade. Farnham was an important market town and Southwark was part of the shire until the late 19th century.

I’ve tried to move the Essex locations around a bit to more represent their administrative situations. Southend wasn’t much of a town throughout the game’s time period and Rochford was much more important at the time (though I’m not too sire on this one). Walden was a more important market than Hedingham, trading largely in wool and spices, and Romford was Essex’s most important market on the Thames estuary.

I’m less knowledgeable on East Anglia but I’d say Suffolk looks good. I’ve shuffled Norfolk’s borders around a bit and added Thetford, another important regional trade centre. If there’s a way to represent Norwich’s port status without giving it direct coast access that might also be interesting?

With these new locations, I thought I’d draw up a new province map as well. It should be pretty self explanatory - there are still a few merged shires but I’ve tried to name them based off their most important constituents.

View attachment 1148334

I hope at least something I’ve said here might be of use. I drew these up on my laptop really quickly and if anyone would like a more detailed attempt I’m happy to try my hand.
I quite like your map in general. However, both Westminster and Southwark were already part of the London urban conurbation by 1300. So I would not have Westminster or Southwark as separate locations but rather one London location covering what is essentially central London, including parts south of the river. That would also deal with the issue of London not currently being the capital location. Imposing historical county borders on London would artificially break up the city. However, this should still leave more than enough space for a Surrey province either with the modern boundaries or something in between that and the full historical boundaries.
 
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Surely sea tiles should have a massive impact on "market attraction" though? Well, okay, 1 market all the way from London feels weird too, but shipping goods across to Dublin and pretending that that's just 1 market "thing" is odd as well (and I feel could have odd consequences in some places). dunno, maybe that's just me ^^#
Transport by water in this era was massively easier (and cheaper) than transport by land. As a rule of thumb, five times as expensive per mile. If there was instability along the land route, it got even more extreme; Genoa and Venice were, at around this date, trading with Bruges in Flanders via a sea route that went arouns Spain and Portugal and across the Bay of Biscay (see "Before European Hegemony" by Janet L. Abu-Lughod for a good overview).
 
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Transport by water in this era was massively easier (and cheaper) than transport by land. As a rule of thumb, five times as expensive per mile.
Sure, but if anything, that means English merchants might as well ship their stuff around the English coast instead of across the Irish Sea. From which it then largely would probably be shipped back to London and onwards ^^#

There's undoubtedly all sorts of considerations going on. But a "market" is surely more than merely a geographical feature. And I'd suspect that historically English merchants on their western coast still looked more towards London than towards Dublin. And as I feel that'd broadly speaking be the case with markets I'd say sea tiles should be a big barrier (of course mountains etc as well, but that's more Alps or whatever than whatever is going on here ^^).


e: Very generally speaking I feel the markets are far too large for the era anyway. It implies things that feel too modern imo.
 
Transport by water in this era was massively easier (and cheaper) than transport by land. As a rule of thumb, five times as expensive per mile. If there was instability along the land route, it got even more extreme; Genoa and Venice were, at around this date, trading with Bruges in Flanders via a sea route that went arouns Spain and Portugal and across the Bay of Biscay (see "Before European Hegemony" by Janet L. Abu-Lughod for a good overview).
The counterpoint to that would be that Italian trade across the Alps was also massive, especially the trade between Southern Germany and Venice. A city like Nuremberg with no access to the sea at all rose to become very wealthy and one of the foremost metalworking centers in Europe. They had massive convoys of wagons that traded in Frankfurt and Venice, while also sourcing raw materials from different mines in Germany.
So while transport by sea was and is way cheaper (a convoy of 40 wagons, 40 men and 160 horses could be replaced by 1 ship with a crew of less than 20), once you have roads and trade routes established, land trade can still be very profitable. It's all about how much you can scale it and what the toll situation (another big part of the cost) looks like.
 
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Just a couple of points, based on a reasonable acquaintance with the north-west of Scotland over the years:

Firstly the assignment of a "continental" climate - assuming this means hot summers and icy winters - seems a bit odd. The climate is more like "wet winters with some snow and wet summers with some sun". The temperature swings are pretty moderate, and 'Oceanic' seems to fit better, especially with places such as Inverewe and Loch Ewe where tropical plants are grown in public gardens (with the same in microcosm on the Isle of Gigha).

Secondly, with Ullapool as a major fishing centre and with the sea lochs of the area producing seafood for a Europe-wide market, having "salt" as the product there seems a bit odd. It would actually be a really hard place to do salt making due to the wet climate. Maybe it's meant to represent seaweed collection? More a thing in Orkney and the Isles, I would guess, but maybe?
 
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Stroud maybe if you've added things? It's not the most important town early on of course.

Of course the answer if you're not adding provinces is that Dean becomes Gloucester, Cheltenham becomes Circencester, Gloucester becomes Bristol and Bristol becomes Bath.
I grew up in both Cirencester and Stroud and wouldn't consider either coastal. The problem is that there is very little settlement along the Severn between Gloucester and Bristol so no obvious location choice arises. I also agree Stroud isn't important enough early to warrant a location. It only gained prominence with the advent of widespread canals and even when it did it wasn't a greatly important town. I think the locations in this area should at least be redrawn slightly - Gloucester becoming Bristol
My original position was Berkely its near the coast and was an important settlement, but depending on how the boundaries are drawn Cirencester was a more important town and would be a better fit.

My position on Coastal locations i.e. with Bath/Bristol is that if a dominant coastal settlement is there then that is what the location should be named after, but not all coasts had port towns so you shouldnt expect every coastal location to be named after one. Bristol/Bath should both be split as they are the largest settlements and were administratively unique. The Berkely/Cirencester location should exist, but what its named after is a bit of debate. Any other suggestions are welcome

Ideally the Bristol location would extend further north along the Severn, whilst Bath becomes a new location in the south eastern portion of current Bristol but that has the issue of Bristol moving into the Gloucestershire province.

If redrawing Gloucestershire's locations alone, I think something like this would work:
Project Ceaser British Isles Locations Gloucestershire Edited 2.jpg

Gloucester now encompasses its namesake city, along with the banks of the river Severn. Cheltenham now also encompasses the town itself, and the rest of north Gloucestershire that doesn't warrant its own location. Cirencester is now represented, encompassing the the mid section of the Cotswold hills. This also keeps the number of locations in Gloucestershire to 3 - anything more than that is too granular.

RGO's would be:
Gloucester - Iron due to it encompassing Dean
Cirencester - Wool due to its historical significance in the Costwold wool trade
Cheltenham - I'm not sure what it should be, but keeping it on fruit or changing to wool would work fine in my opinion.
 
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1718448217273.png

About Ireland climate: https://www.cresquesproject.net/catalan-atlas-legends/panel-iii
1718448294397.png

En Inbèrnia ha moltes illes merevellosas…
In Hibernia [Ireland] there are many wonderful islands whose existence can be credible; among them, there is a small one where men never die, because when they are about to die of old age, they are transported outside the island. There are no snakes, frogs, nor poisonous spiders because the soil repels them given that this is where Lacerie Island [Cléire/Clear Island] is located. Furthermore, there are trees that attract birds like ripe figs. There is also another island where women never give birth because when they are about to give birth, they are taken outside the island as it is customary.


> The atlas from 1375 talks about trees of "smokva" (https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smokva) in Ireland. They grow in subtropical areas, not oceanic.
(for better resolution http://history-maps.ru/pictures/all_1/s_7_1/max_1518/ )
 
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I have a few notes about Ireland:
1. I think the borders of Dublin don't really make sense. Historically, despite being very close to Dublin, Wicklow was very unruly and difficult to control. It would make more sense if Wicklow was lumped with Wexford. Dublin should instead more closely correspond to "the Pale", which corresponds roughly with modern day country Dublin, Meath and parts of Kildare. Kildare was an important Earldom, so I think it's better if it's seperate, so I think putting Meath under Dublin makes the most sense. The borders in EU4 actually make the most sense here.
2. A better name for Leitrim would be Sligo. Sligo has always been the most important town in that region, as far as I'm aware.
3. For Leix, I think Offaly would be more appropriate, as that name is based on the dominant family in the region in that era.
4. Rather then being part of Kerry, I would make Limerick part of Clare, and I would make the province be named Limerick, as Limerick is the most important town/city in that region and always has been. County Clare and Limerick make more sense being grouped together, as Limerick is the main town/port for Clare. Limerick was the capital of the medieval kingdom that included Clare, but did not include Kerry.
5. If Kerry seems too small, I would group it with Cork (sorry Healy-Raes!).
6. Special attention should be made to the main "viking settlements" which have remained important to the present day. These are: Dublin, Wexford, Waterford, Cork and Limerick. There may be others I've forgotten. These should be the main towns/urban areas in an otherwise predominantly rural/tribal region.
 
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Sure, but if anything, that means English merchants might as well ship their stuff around the English coast instead of across the Irish Sea. From which it then largely would probably be shipped back to London and onwards ^^#

There's undoubtedly all sorts of considerations going on. But a "market" is surely more than merely a geographical feature. And I'd suspect that historically English merchants on their western coast still looked more towards London than towards Dublin. And as I feel that'd broadly speaking be the case with markets I'd say sea tiles should be a big barrier (of course mountains etc as well, but that's more Alps or whatever than whatever is going on here ^^).
Remember that Dublin was a port held by the English crown at this time. As to 'merchants looking to London' I sincerely doubt it; merchants here in Yorkshire looked to Hull rather than London - which feeds into your point that markets are too large, which I agree with but the game has to be playable...

The counterpoint to that would be that Italian trade across the Alps was also massive, especially the trade between Southern Germany and Venice. A city like Nuremberg with no access to the sea at all rose to become very wealthy and one of the foremost metalworking centers in Europe. They had massive convoys of wagons that traded in Frankfurt and Venice, while also sourcing raw materials from different mines in Germany.
So while transport by sea was and is way cheaper (a convoy of 40 wagons, 40 men and 160 horses could be replaced by 1 ship with a crew of less than 20), once you have roads and trade routes established, land trade can still be very profitable. It's all about how much you can scale it and what the toll situation (another big part of the cost) looks like.
The trade through Germany was important - though more earlier than in this particular time. This is covered in depth in the book I referred to - the land routes depend strongly on the princes controlling that land. By 1350 the Champagne fairs were long dead because the Lords who had held the area independently and vigogously encouraged trade by assuring the safety of caravans and stability of trade taxes and laws had been superceded by the Kings of France amid some tumult. Likewise, the German route was good as long as it was stable, but the Black Death upset that route for some time in the 1350s and recovery can be slow.
 
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If Scotland would be big enough, e.g. annex North England, would it adopt the title "Kingdom of Scotland"?

I'm actually wondering if there does be a "Kingdom of England" in localisation files, or it would adopt some "[RANK] of [ROOT]" triggerd when the map believed that this country is big enough to adopt longer name, or smaller enough to adopt "Eng.".
We only have the short name and adjective for each country in the loc (England, English) and then we generate full and short country names out of those depending on their immediate situation, e.g. it could be called the Empire of England or Supreme English Republic. Every country always has a long name, but we only show it on the map if the country is big enough.
 
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Population Corrections
@SaintDaveUK sorry for the Tag, just didnt want this to get lost in the thread. I transcribed and mapped Bruce M. S. Campbell and Lorraine Barry, 'The Population Geography of Great Britain C. 1290: A Provisional Reconstruction', in Population, Welfare and Economic Change in Britain 1290-1934, ed., Chris Briggs, P. M. Kitson, and S. J. Thompson (The Boydell Press, 2014) population estimates with a colour code for the biggest differences. Overall you overestimated England by 500K and there are some really notable differences between your populations. For Scotland you vastly underestimated Scotland's population by 300k. For Wales you are in the same ballpark its just that your diffusion of the population in South Wales is different, notably with Cardiff/Monmouth. For Ireland you are largely correct, its just that you have not represented the most populace urban locations well and I recommend a 40K adjustment to better reflect what we think the reality was.

You can just copy these population tables, but thats up to your team, I just wish some of the major differences were brought closer into line. Any questions feel free to ask! (psst: if you cant get access to the sources let me know and ill hook you up with some PDFs, shhhh)

Key for Differences
Anything around 7K or less is in white and is not worth to be changed
Anything around 10-15k is Yellow and should be corrected
Anything 20-30k is Orange and definitely should be corrected
Anything 40k+ is Red and is an abomination and should be shot
Yes that Key is completely arbitrary suck it up buttercup

PDX Counties to HistoricPDX POP1290 POP Historic CountiesPOP Adjustment
England
5,277,782
4,749,967
- 527,815
Northumberland (+Berwick)
174,235
117,599
- 56,636
Durham
87,360
64,512
- 22,848
Cumberland
74,900
54,554
- 20,346
Westmorland
37,866​
30,889​
- 6,977
Lancashire
101,286
67,809
- 33,477
North Riding
137,042
154,948
+ 17906,
East Riding
115,837
125,472
+ 9,635
West Riding
131,636​
139,683​
+ 8,047
Cheshire
62,701​
54,058​
- 8,643
Shropshire
146,408
106,841
- 39,567
Herefordshire
92,551
67,228
- 25,323
Worcestershire
74,504
58,583
- 15,921
Staffordshire
95,504
63,397
- 32,107
Derbyshire
119,170
84,148
- 35,022
Leicestershire (+Rutland)
102,189​
108,002​
+ 5,813
Warwickshire
138,134
92,295
- 45,839
Nottinghamshire
75,127​
79,883​
+ 4,756
Northamptonshire
127,761
144,407
+ 16,646
Lincolnshire
321,031
365,348
+ 44,317
Norfolk
369,000
435,343
+ 66,343
Suffolk
310,942
221,535
- 89,407
Essex
257,142
169,613
- 87,529
Cambridgeshire (+Hertfordshire & Huntingdonshire)
276,966
263,887
- 13,079
Middlesex
121,424
90,941
- 30,483
Kent
169,476​
176,701​
+ 7,225
Sussex (+Surrey)
213,630
198,242
- 15,388
Hampshire
101,735​
107,235​
+ 5,500
Bedfordshire (+ Oxfordshire, Buckinghamshire & Berkshire)
505,288
311,406
- 193,882
Wiltshire
143,028
158,606
+ 15,578
Gloucestershire
136,218
152,841
+ 16,623
Somerset
155,718​
164,446​
+ 8,728
Dorset
95,453​
104,340​
+ 8,887
Devon
138,375
152,782
+ 14,407
Cornwall
68,145​
62,393​
- 5,752

Scotland
Important Note - I split the Dumfries Sheriffdom arbitrarily in half between Galloway/Teviotdale, a lot of discernment had to go into this table, but one thing is clear is that Scotland is vastly depopulated.
PDX Provinces to SherrifdomsPDX POP1290 POP Historic SheriffdomsPOP Adjustment
Scotland
427,292
750,000
+ 322,707
Galloway
56,529
90,622
+ 34,093
Teviotdale
62,073
101,186
+ 39,113
Lothian (-Berwick Location)
43,055
105,445
+ 62,390
Strathclyde
68,774​
76,945​
+ 8,171
Perthshire
28,097
87,040
+ 58,943
Fife
11,774
57,203
+ 45,429
Angus
23,547
66,103
+ 42,556
Aberdeenshire
27,307
63,030
+ 35,723
Moray, Ross, Sutherland, Outer Hebrides
67,300
54,816
- 12,484
Argyll & Inner Hebrides ( - Mann)
38,836​
47,610​
+ 8,774
Wales
PDX Locations to DeaconsPDX POP1290 POP Historic DeaconsPOP Adjustment
Wales
283,821
300,054
+ 16,233
Anglesey
16,026​
11,983​
- 4,043
Carnarvon
13,223​
13,355​
+ 132
Conway & Wrexham
45,061​
43,497​
- 1,564
Harlech
13,402​
13,973​
+ 571
Montgomery
6,087
29,173
+ 23,086
Radnor, Brecknock & Caerphilly
20,476
33,339
+ 12,863
Fighguard, Cardigan, Aberystwyth
37,446
17,613
- 19,833
Pembroke
33,927
48,946
+ 15,019
Carmarthen & Swansea
32,945
20,088
- 12,857
Cardiff
54,101
29,994
- 24,107
Monmouth
11,127
38,093
+ 26,966
Ireland
I got 904,344, but there is a chance I missed a few locations off. This is roughly correct most academics agree with this assessment of 750-900k, a few say 650k some say just about 1M. But just shy makes sense as there was a dip in population dude to war, famine and disease before the black death arrived.

We know upwards of half the population lived in the Lordship of Ireland (under England). I am interpreting this to mean The Pale + Kildare + Ormond and for this to be around 40%. I calculate these have 339,610 which is around 37.5%. So fairly accurate and the only changes I request is that we know New Ross and Wexford were in the top 5 biggest settlements (New Ross was actually bigger than Wexford and Waterford before the Black Death). We also know Cork and
Béal Feirste (Belfast), were not nearly that populace. Belfast and Ulster/Tyrone as a whole were probably the least populated parts of the Ireland. Carrickfergus was probably bigger than Belfast in this time period.

Remove about 40K from these locations - Cork, Galway, Béal Feirste, Downpatrick, Uíbh Eachach (8K each), and add 20K each to Wexford and New Ross. That would make your population map of Ireland accurately reflect the urban settlements and bring you to 41.9% living in the Lordship which is accurate.

Basis of my analysis for Ireland
- R. E. Glasscock, 'Land and People, C. 1300', in A New History of Ireland: Volume II, Medieval Ireland 1169-1534, ed., Art Cosgrove (Oxford University Press 2008)
- Kevin Down, 'Colonial Society and Economy', in A New History of Ireland: Volume II, Medieval Ireland 1169-1534, ed., Art Cosgrove (Oxford University Press 2008)

Population Maps
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Wales.png
 
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I was surprised by the Marble. I had a look around google, and can't find anything about it. I'm going to guess it's for game balance?
I’m guessing it’s meant to be Connemara marble, however I believe it was only quarried in any quantity from the 1700s, and I don’t think it was ever a major factor in the economy. Connemara marble is used in jewellery, and is not well suited to construction, and so the Marble trade good may not be the best fit anyway (assuming it’s meant to represent marble used in construction). Livestock or Fish might be better for the region.
 
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