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Tinto Maps #6 - 14th of June 2024 - Great Britain & Ireland

Hello everyone. @Pavía and the rest of the Content Design team are busy working on the feedback for the previous Tinto Maps, so I'm standing in for this week.

I'm @SaintDaveUK, some of you might have seen me here and there on the forums, but the long story short is that I work on a very secret game whose name I am contractually obligated to redact. That's right, it's ███████ ██████!

This week you get a double-whammy, mostly because it’s really hard to show Britain on its own on a screenshot. Partly to side-step the “British Isles” naming controversy, but mainly because the gameplay of them both is so different, this part of Europa is divided into 2 distinct regions: Great Britain and Ireland.

Climate​

The mild Oceanic climate (Köppen Cfb) dominates the isles. Where it cools towards the inland Pennines and the Scottish Highlands (Köppen Cfc), we represent it with the wintry and dreich Continental climate.

climate.jpg




Topography​

The isles are dominated by green and pleasant flatlands and low rolling hills, the peripheries punctuated by rocky mountains and craggy highlands.

We would like to add some more impassable locations in northern England and the Scottish borders to make manoeuvres a little more interesting and strategic, but would like suggestions from people more familiar with the Pennines.

[Edit: 16 June added the missing map]

topography.JPG


Vegetation​

The great moors, bogs, and fens are represented by Sparse vegetation, meanwhile much of the land is still wooded.

vegetation.jpg




Raw Materials​

The raw goods situation aims to reflect the economic reality of medieval Britain. Shepherding was common on every corner of the islands, a lot of the wool produced was sold to the industrial hub of the Low Countries to be manufactured into cloth, which was in turn sold back to British markets.

The further north-west we go, the less fertile the terrain, and as such the greater reliance on pastoral farming such as livestock over wheat. The western hills and valleys also expose a greater number of mineral delights, including the historic stannary mines of Devon and Cornwall.

raw_materials.jpg




Markets​

As you can see the two starting markets are London and Dublin. Aside from London we could have chosen almost any town, from Aberdeen to Bristol. We chose Dublin as it was the main trade centre in Ireland, and also because it handsomely splits the isles to the East and West of the Pennines, demonstrating the impact that terrain can have on dynamic Market attraction.

They are both shades of red because they are coloured after the market centre’s top overlord country – market control is a viable playstyle and we like to think of it as a form of map painting for countries not focused on traditional conquest routes.

market.jpg




Culture​

We have decided to go with a monolithic English culture. We could have forced the introduction of a second Northumbrian or even third Mercian culture, but typically they were not really considered separate peoples. The English, though diverse in origin and with a variety of dialects, had already begun to coalesce in the face of the Viking invasions hundreds of years before.

Scotland, conversely, is a real porridge of cultures. The Lowland Scots (who speak a dialect of Northumbrian English that later develops into the Scots language) dominate their kingdom from their wealthy burghs, and are gradually encroaching onto the pastoral lands of the Gaelic Highlanders. The Norse-Gaelic clansmen watch from the Western Isles, with some old settlements remaining around Galloway. The far north, ironically called Sutherland, retains some Norse presence.

Wales, conquered for around a century by this point, plays host to English burghers looking to make a few quid, as well as the descendants of Norman adventurer knights in the marcher lordships, but is still majority Welsh-speaking from Anglesey to Cardiff.

The Anglo-Irish (representing the spectrum from Cambro-Norman knights to the so-called ‘Old English’ settlers) live in great numbers in the south-eastern trading towns from Dublin to Cork, as well as in smaller numbers in frontier outposts.

The cosmopolitan towns across the isles are also home to people from elsewhere in Europe, most notably Flemish weavers from the Low Countries, though their numbers are too small to impact the mapmode.

The Norman ███████ dominates as the ██████████████ for both of the kingdoms and their subjects. The conquest of 1066 is no longer fresh, but the continuing bonds between the aristocratic classes of England, Scotland, and France have kept the French language alive and strong.

culture.jpg






Religion​

I decided that it's not even worth taking a screenshot of the Religion map mode. There are tiny minorities of Jewish people in some Scottish and Irish towns (they had been expelled from England), but they are so small in number they don't even register on the map mode

Other than that, it's all Catholic. But not for long.

> John Wycliffe has entered the chat.


Areas​

Based on the 4 provinces of Ireland (sorry Meath) and splitting England roughly into the larger Anglo-Saxon earldoms which have some similarity with the modern Regions (sorry Yorkshire).

areas.jpg





Provinces​

We have fixed the colours of the Provinces mapmode so you can see the individual provinces a bit more clearly. These are largely based on the historic counties, which have remained fairly constant throughout history, while merging some of those that are too small.

We’ve almost certainly offended someone.

The ancient Scottish shires are pretty messy and difficult to coalesce into neat provinces, so any suggestions for better arrangement there would be very welcome.

provinces.jpg




Locations​


You might notice that the locations in Ireland are varyingly written in both English and in Irish. This is because we have the new system up-and-running where we can name Locations by the primary culture of the country they are owned by.

This means that for example London might be called Londres if it was ruled by a Catalan country. It’s currently a WIP feature and we might add more elements, such as a game setting to base the name on dominant culture of the location instead, or to just use default (English) names.

locations.jpg




Government Types​

As with most of Europe, most of the countries are under some monarchy or another, but the Irish tuathas begin with the Tribe government type. This, among other mechanics such as [redacted] helps to give them a very unique playing style in Europe.

government.jpg


Countries​

England

England of course stands as the dominant kingdom in the isles. Despite having a lot of power resting on the barons, the country is fairly unitary even at this point, with very little practical separation between the crown’s power in somewhere like Kent versus Yorkshire. However there are notable exceptions.

The powerful Burgesses estate in the City of London enjoys ancient freedoms from royal power, while the king peers in from the Crown’s seat of power in neighbouring Westminster.

The County Palatine of Durham is not represented by a country, but buildings that give the Clergy Estate a huge amount of power in the locations it is present in. This also ties into political gameplay as a ██████████ ██████.

The newly created Duchy of Cornwall—the only duchy in England at the time—would also not be represented well by the Cornwall country, being a disparate set of manorial holdings that are ironically mostly in Devon. Cornwall of course exists as a releasable country though.

The Isle of Man is a little less certain. For now we have it as a subject of England. On paper it was a ‘kingdom’ awarded to William Montagu, the king’s favourite, however we aren’t sure if he actually wielded any real power on the isle. It changed hands between England and Scotland numerous times in this period, but in practice it appears to have been governed by a local council of barons. Any more details on exactly what was going on here in this period would be greatly appreciated.

These decisions have been made because as England heaves itself out of the feudal system, we thought it would be best if the small-fry inward-looking internal politicking is handled through the Estates and [redacted] systems, and then the diplomacy tracks are freed up for the English player to behave more outwardly against other major countries.

Wales

Though subjugated by conquest, Wales was not formally annexed into the Kingdom of England until the mid 1500s. As such the principality begins as a Dominion subject under England.

Those familiar with Welsh history will note that historically the Principality of Wales didn’t extend much beyond the old kingdom of Gywnedd. Much of the country to the southeast was in fact ruled by marcher lords, which we represent with a powerful Nobility estate in the valleys and beyond.

There is an alternative vision of Wales that I would like to gauge opinion on, and that is expanding it to include the Earldom of Chester and the marches on the English side of the modern border. If you are an Englishman familiar with modern borders this might look alarming, but these lands were also constitutionally ambiguous parts of the “Welsh Marches” until the 1500s. This will hand over to the Wales player the full responsibility of dealing with the marcher lords, allowing England to focus on bigger picture issues like beating France.

Ireland

Ireland is going through a moment of change. English royal power is centred on the Lordship of the Pale, the king’s Dominion ruling out of Dublin Castle. However, it struggles to keep a grasp on the rebellious Hiberno-Norman earls scattered around the island - some of whom remain as vassals, some of whom have managed to slip free of royal control.

The Tanistry system of succession endemic to the Gaelic Irish has its advantages, but it can also lead to chaotic feuds between rival branches. The so-called Burke Civil War has fractured the powerful Earldom of Ulster into rival Burke cousins who jealously feud over their shrinking lordships in Connaught. Native Irish princes of the north have reconquered most of their own lands from the de Burghs, but there are also two rival O’Neill cousins who style themselves King of Tyrone either side of the River Bann.

The feuding Irish lack a unifying figure, but anyone powerful enough could theoretically claim the title of High King. The former provincial kingdoms, such as Meath and Connacht, enjoy the elevated rank of Duchy, giving them a slight edge in the High Kingship selection.

Scotland

The chancer Edward Balliol continues his attempt for the Scottish throne, with England’s tacit permission. It’s hard to determine the exact lands held by Balliol in 1337, but we know his disinherited loyalists hold the castle of Perth while his English allies had seized large tracts of the lowlands from Bruce. Balliol has also bought the loyalty of the MacDonald and the other Hebridean galley lords by granting them remote land on the west coast of the mainland.

Meanwhile, Scotland’s canny regent Sir Andrew de Moray launches his decisive counterattack as his true king, David II de Bruce, waits in exile in France.

political.jpg


Dynasties​

We know about Plantagenet, Balliol, and Bruce, so I've zoomed in on Ireland to show the ruling dynasties of the various chieftains and earls.

dynasty.jpg


Population​

Excuse the seams and the greyscale mapmode. We have something better in the pipeline...

population_country.jpg
population_location.jpg




Well, thats it for now!

As always the team is eagerly awaiting your feedback and looking forward to the discussions. We’ll try to keep on top of the thread, but we have a teambuilding activity this afternoon so it might be a little more sporadic than usual!

Next week: Anatolia!
 
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Swindon as a location makes zero sense. That only became a place of any significance in the mid-late 19th century. Highworth or possibly Marlborough would be a better choice for that location's name.
 
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I trust the existence of Irish names means that Welsh language names will also be included, but are not displayed on the map? The area of 'Glamorgan' should be 'Morgannwg' in the south, however.

Mr Welshy, every single location in Great Britain has a Welsh language variant, they just aren't shown in 1337 as Wales starts with English primary culture. Happy reconquests!

welsh.jpg
 
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Is there a rule against one location provinces/areas? Mann as a part of the Hebrides seems uncomfortable at the very least. What would be the gameplay affect of it being its own province and area?
 
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Will David II be infertile in order to facilitate the rise of the Stewarts? Two marriages, multiple mistresses, no children, and he divorced Margaret Drummond on the grounds of infertility–despite her having a son with her previous husband.
 
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Nice work guys! I have 2 questions.

1- why do the trade goods have different colors? Is this an old map or have you finalized the colours?

2- Can we have the other full maps that you haven't shown(like religion) of the british isles so that we can make a collage with the orther maps of Europe plz?
 
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Locations and Trade Goods
- Wrexham should be referred to as Flintshire after Castle Flint? - Also during this period Flint had a lot of Lead mining and Coal industry (through Sea Coal and later inland) Matthew Frank Stevens, The Economy of Medieval Wales, 1067-1536 (University of Wales Press, 2019), p. 46.

- Anglesey should be Stone and Carnarvon should be Fish - The reason being is the stone mined in Anglesey was not jsut an important domestic quarry but was shipped over to Ireland and a lot of the building materials in Dublin will be made from this stone. Whilst most of the fishing rights actually rested with Bangor and Carnarvon as a whole. Matthew Frank Stevens, The Economy of Medieval Wales, 1067-1536 (University of Wales Press, 2019), p. 46.

- Scarborough much like Whitby should be Alum - both of these locations occupy the Alum mines that provided the Alum for the textile industry for over 250 years. Marcus Jecock, 'A Fading Memory: The North Yorkshire Coastal Alum Industry in Light of Recent Analytical Field Survey by English Heritage', Industrial Archaeology Review, 31 (2009), 54-73 (pp. 55-58).

- Hastings should be Iron - Similar to Dean the High Weald would be one of the main iron producers in the country, overtaking Dean and having the first implementation of the blast furnaces in England from 1491. Mark Bailey, 'Population and Economic Resources', in An Illustrated History of Late Medieval England, Chris Given-Wilson (Manchester University Press, 1996), p. 54.

- Kendal shoud 100% be Copper - Although early copper mining existed already at the start date from Elizabeth I to the 18th C. this would be the largest domestic copper mine in Britain until Copperopolis in Swansea. Coniston Copper Mine was essential and amazingly would be operational until the 1950s. Eric H. Ash, 'Queen v. Northumberland, and the Control of Technical Expertise', History of Science, 39 (2001), 127-240.

- Plymouth if you want to be fun should be Silver at the start date - Bere Alston in the Tamar Valley was an important Silver mine at the start date (The one in North Devon was Combe Martin and is correct), its just that at the start date this was important but would eventually shut down until getting opened again in the 18th C. I am okay with using Fish as the fisheries at Dartmouth/Salcombe were important, but its another option. Depends on how greedy Dave is and I think he loves inflation! Mindat - Bare Alston and Steve Rippon, Peter Claughton and Christopher Smart, Mining In A Medieval Landscape: The Royal Silver Mines of the Tamar Valley (University of Exeter Press, 2009)

edit: In Ireland a lot of the Wheat outside of the pale should be Sturdy Oats as the soil quality was poor and "Oats and Butter" was the diet until we get crops from the new world. Pretty sure this is in Downs chapter if not ask and ill check my old uni notes.

edit 2: Exeter should not be Spare but grasslands as much of the major farmland of the county was in this region due to the fact the acidic soil of the moors did not stretch into this part. Imho with the current set up it should be flatlands although if they are changing the terrain set up based on the thread as it was mentioned by Pavia last week it should be rolling hills.


Population and Culture

I have done a full number breakdown of the population vs some academic estimates you can find it here - Population by Province/Location Adjustments

I have not got the time to go through all the pop stats at the moment but Bruce M. S. Campbell and Lorraine Barry, 'The Population Geography of Great Britain C. 1290: A Provisional Reconstruction', in Population, Welfare and Economic Change in Britain 1290-1934, ed., Chris Briggs, P. M. Kitson, and S. J. Thompson (The Boydell Press, 2014) is the go to for accurate population statistics on England, Wales and Scotland. Matthew Frank Stevens, The Economy of Medieval Wales, 1067-1536 (University of Wales Press, 2019), pp. 30-34, 43, 53, 61-65. has great data on English settlement into Wales with around 15% of the population being English largely in Denbigh, Pemboke, Gwent and Cardiff.

On Ireland the total population should be something around 800K with half in the English Lordship (Waterford, Wexford, Dublin, Meath Provinces). These chapters from Glasscock and Down are really excellent summaries of population and Colonial Ireland at the time. Also is there a Welsh minority in the English lordship? There should be a strong minority here and Duffy has a great article going over the prevalence of the Welsh (its where the name Walsh comes from). Lastly are there any remaining Ostmen (Scandinavians in Dublin, Wexford, Waterford towns)? as they still existed although would be like the Jewish below 5% of any town. I really like this quote that depicts the diversity of and complex identities of the time
'A Welshman, proclaiming his Englishness, killing an Ostman he claims is Irish - illustrates the legal complexities surrounding race in the Anglo-Irish colony.' [Sean Duffy - p. 110).
- R. E. Glasscock, 'Land and People, C. 1300', in A New History of Ireland: Volume II, Medieval Ireland 1169-1534, ed., Art Cosgrove (Oxford University Press 2008)
- Kevin Down, 'Colonial Society and Economy', in A New History of Ireland: Volume II, Medieval Ireland 1169-1534, ed., Art Cosgrove (Oxford University Press 2008)
- Sean Duffy, 'The Welsh Conquest of Ireland', in Clerics, Kings and Vikings: Essays on Medieval Ireland in Honour of Donnachadh Ó Corráin, ed., Emer Purcell, Paul McCotter, Julianne Nyhan, and John Sheehan (Four Courts Press, 2015), pp. 110-114.

Edit: Other Comments
See - South West Location Rework
See - Welsh Population Comment
See - Welsh Political Situation Comment
See - South Wales Location Rework
See - Yorkshire and Lancaster Location Rework
See - Further Trade Good Corrections and more detail on Ireland's Agriculture
 
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The borders of the Middlesex province seem very similar to those of modern Greater London. Might it be more historical to remove Southwark from Middlesex and Guildford from Sussex to create a Surrey province?
 
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Bri'ish isles, nice.
Can't wait to make them as industrialized in 1800 AD as they were historically in 1836 :D
 
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