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Tinto Maps #6 - 14th of June 2024 - Great Britain & Ireland

Hello everyone. @Pavía and the rest of the Content Design team are busy working on the feedback for the previous Tinto Maps, so I'm standing in for this week.

I'm @SaintDaveUK, some of you might have seen me here and there on the forums, but the long story short is that I work on a very secret game whose name I am contractually obligated to redact. That's right, it's ███████ ██████!

This week you get a double-whammy, mostly because it’s really hard to show Britain on its own on a screenshot. Partly to side-step the “British Isles” naming controversy, but mainly because the gameplay of them both is so different, this part of Europa is divided into 2 distinct regions: Great Britain and Ireland.

Climate​

The mild Oceanic climate (Köppen Cfb) dominates the isles. Where it cools towards the inland Pennines and the Scottish Highlands (Köppen Cfc), we represent it with the wintry and dreich Continental climate.

climate.jpg




Topography​

The isles are dominated by green and pleasant flatlands and low rolling hills, the peripheries punctuated by rocky mountains and craggy highlands.

We would like to add some more impassable locations in northern England and the Scottish borders to make manoeuvres a little more interesting and strategic, but would like suggestions from people more familiar with the Pennines.

[Edit: 16 June added the missing map]

topography.JPG


Vegetation​

The great moors, bogs, and fens are represented by Sparse vegetation, meanwhile much of the land is still wooded.

vegetation.jpg




Raw Materials​

The raw goods situation aims to reflect the economic reality of medieval Britain. Shepherding was common on every corner of the islands, a lot of the wool produced was sold to the industrial hub of the Low Countries to be manufactured into cloth, which was in turn sold back to British markets.

The further north-west we go, the less fertile the terrain, and as such the greater reliance on pastoral farming such as livestock over wheat. The western hills and valleys also expose a greater number of mineral delights, including the historic stannary mines of Devon and Cornwall.

raw_materials.jpg




Markets​

As you can see the two starting markets are London and Dublin. Aside from London we could have chosen almost any town, from Aberdeen to Bristol. We chose Dublin as it was the main trade centre in Ireland, and also because it handsomely splits the isles to the East and West of the Pennines, demonstrating the impact that terrain can have on dynamic Market attraction.

They are both shades of red because they are coloured after the market centre’s top overlord country – market control is a viable playstyle and we like to think of it as a form of map painting for countries not focused on traditional conquest routes.

market.jpg




Culture​

We have decided to go with a monolithic English culture. We could have forced the introduction of a second Northumbrian or even third Mercian culture, but typically they were not really considered separate peoples. The English, though diverse in origin and with a variety of dialects, had already begun to coalesce in the face of the Viking invasions hundreds of years before.

Scotland, conversely, is a real porridge of cultures. The Lowland Scots (who speak a dialect of Northumbrian English that later develops into the Scots language) dominate their kingdom from their wealthy burghs, and are gradually encroaching onto the pastoral lands of the Gaelic Highlanders. The Norse-Gaelic clansmen watch from the Western Isles, with some old settlements remaining around Galloway. The far north, ironically called Sutherland, retains some Norse presence.

Wales, conquered for around a century by this point, plays host to English burghers looking to make a few quid, as well as the descendants of Norman adventurer knights in the marcher lordships, but is still majority Welsh-speaking from Anglesey to Cardiff.

The Anglo-Irish (representing the spectrum from Cambro-Norman knights to the so-called ‘Old English’ settlers) live in great numbers in the south-eastern trading towns from Dublin to Cork, as well as in smaller numbers in frontier outposts.

The cosmopolitan towns across the isles are also home to people from elsewhere in Europe, most notably Flemish weavers from the Low Countries, though their numbers are too small to impact the mapmode.

The Norman ███████ dominates as the ██████████████ for both of the kingdoms and their subjects. The conquest of 1066 is no longer fresh, but the continuing bonds between the aristocratic classes of England, Scotland, and France have kept the French language alive and strong.

culture.jpg






Religion​

I decided that it's not even worth taking a screenshot of the Religion map mode. There are tiny minorities of Jewish people in some Scottish and Irish towns (they had been expelled from England), but they are so small in number they don't even register on the map mode

Other than that, it's all Catholic. But not for long.

> John Wycliffe has entered the chat.


Areas​

Based on the 4 provinces of Ireland (sorry Meath) and splitting England roughly into the larger Anglo-Saxon earldoms which have some similarity with the modern Regions (sorry Yorkshire).

areas.jpg





Provinces​

We have fixed the colours of the Provinces mapmode so you can see the individual provinces a bit more clearly. These are largely based on the historic counties, which have remained fairly constant throughout history, while merging some of those that are too small.

We’ve almost certainly offended someone.

The ancient Scottish shires are pretty messy and difficult to coalesce into neat provinces, so any suggestions for better arrangement there would be very welcome.

provinces.jpg




Locations​


You might notice that the locations in Ireland are varyingly written in both English and in Irish. This is because we have the new system up-and-running where we can name Locations by the primary culture of the country they are owned by.

This means that for example London might be called Londres if it was ruled by a Catalan country. It’s currently a WIP feature and we might add more elements, such as a game setting to base the name on dominant culture of the location instead, or to just use default (English) names.

locations.jpg




Government Types​

As with most of Europe, most of the countries are under some monarchy or another, but the Irish tuathas begin with the Tribe government type. This, among other mechanics such as [redacted] helps to give them a very unique playing style in Europe.

government.jpg


Countries​

England

England of course stands as the dominant kingdom in the isles. Despite having a lot of power resting on the barons, the country is fairly unitary even at this point, with very little practical separation between the crown’s power in somewhere like Kent versus Yorkshire. However there are notable exceptions.

The powerful Burgesses estate in the City of London enjoys ancient freedoms from royal power, while the king peers in from the Crown’s seat of power in neighbouring Westminster.

The County Palatine of Durham is not represented by a country, but buildings that give the Clergy Estate a huge amount of power in the locations it is present in. This also ties into political gameplay as a ██████████ ██████.

The newly created Duchy of Cornwall—the only duchy in England at the time—would also not be represented well by the Cornwall country, being a disparate set of manorial holdings that are ironically mostly in Devon. Cornwall of course exists as a releasable country though.

The Isle of Man is a little less certain. For now we have it as a subject of England. On paper it was a ‘kingdom’ awarded to William Montagu, the king’s favourite, however we aren’t sure if he actually wielded any real power on the isle. It changed hands between England and Scotland numerous times in this period, but in practice it appears to have been governed by a local council of barons. Any more details on exactly what was going on here in this period would be greatly appreciated.

These decisions have been made because as England heaves itself out of the feudal system, we thought it would be best if the small-fry inward-looking internal politicking is handled through the Estates and [redacted] systems, and then the diplomacy tracks are freed up for the English player to behave more outwardly against other major countries.

Wales

Though subjugated by conquest, Wales was not formally annexed into the Kingdom of England until the mid 1500s. As such the principality begins as a Dominion subject under England.

Those familiar with Welsh history will note that historically the Principality of Wales didn’t extend much beyond the old kingdom of Gywnedd. Much of the country to the southeast was in fact ruled by marcher lords, which we represent with a powerful Nobility estate in the valleys and beyond.

There is an alternative vision of Wales that I would like to gauge opinion on, and that is expanding it to include the Earldom of Chester and the marches on the English side of the modern border. If you are an Englishman familiar with modern borders this might look alarming, but these lands were also constitutionally ambiguous parts of the “Welsh Marches” until the 1500s. This will hand over to the Wales player the full responsibility of dealing with the marcher lords, allowing England to focus on bigger picture issues like beating France.

Ireland

Ireland is going through a moment of change. English royal power is centred on the Lordship of the Pale, the king’s Dominion ruling out of Dublin Castle. However, it struggles to keep a grasp on the rebellious Hiberno-Norman earls scattered around the island - some of whom remain as vassals, some of whom have managed to slip free of royal control.

The Tanistry system of succession endemic to the Gaelic Irish has its advantages, but it can also lead to chaotic feuds between rival branches. The so-called Burke Civil War has fractured the powerful Earldom of Ulster into rival Burke cousins who jealously feud over their shrinking lordships in Connaught. Native Irish princes of the north have reconquered most of their own lands from the de Burghs, but there are also two rival O’Neill cousins who style themselves King of Tyrone either side of the River Bann.

The feuding Irish lack a unifying figure, but anyone powerful enough could theoretically claim the title of High King. The former provincial kingdoms, such as Meath and Connacht, enjoy the elevated rank of Duchy, giving them a slight edge in the High Kingship selection.

Scotland

The chancer Edward Balliol continues his attempt for the Scottish throne, with England’s tacit permission. It’s hard to determine the exact lands held by Balliol in 1337, but we know his disinherited loyalists hold the castle of Perth while his English allies had seized large tracts of the lowlands from Bruce. Balliol has also bought the loyalty of the MacDonald and the other Hebridean galley lords by granting them remote land on the west coast of the mainland.

Meanwhile, Scotland’s canny regent Sir Andrew de Moray launches his decisive counterattack as his true king, David II de Bruce, waits in exile in France.

political.jpg


Dynasties​

We know about Plantagenet, Balliol, and Bruce, so I've zoomed in on Ireland to show the ruling dynasties of the various chieftains and earls.

dynasty.jpg


Population​

Excuse the seams and the greyscale mapmode. We have something better in the pipeline...

population_country.jpg
population_location.jpg




Well, thats it for now!

As always the team is eagerly awaiting your feedback and looking forward to the discussions. We’ll try to keep on top of the thread, but we have a teambuilding activity this afternoon so it might be a little more sporadic than usual!

Next week: Anatolia!
 
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I wouldn't mind returning to the topic of whether or not Irish society could be categorised as tribal during this period.

Ireland was a lineage-based society for certain echelons of nobility and well to do landed farmers. These lineages were termed fine (later sliocht), groups of various people generally descended from the same great-grandfather and at their head would be the ceann fine, generally the most senior, who would be considered a lord due to the fact that he was considered to hold other members of his fine in clientship. The fine or slicht was a a political and legal corporate entity, it was there to hold members of that fine or slicht legally accountable and represent them in the business of a tuath.. If a member of one fine should harm a member of another, a legal claim would be made against the whole fine, who would be responsible for any financial penalty accruing. The ceann fine would represent his fine at the oireacht or court or assembly to discuss the legal/political business of the trícha cét/tuath. A few things need be said however:

1. Although the property of all members of a fine was found in the one area (the same baile biattach mostly) It is not correct to state that property was held in common by the fine. The fine were all heirs to the same lands/territories and very often these territories could be divided between them. But they were absolute owners who held a lifetime interest in their proportion of fine property which would be inherited by other members of the fine (including their own children) on their deaths. They could also hold property that wasn't part of the fintue (fine lands) which would be inherited by their children on their death.

2. Neither did it mean that members who were not of the fine would be not present within fine territory. It's unlike the semi-free or lower peasantry were members of any fine at all beyond their own immediate family.

3. A fine could be huge or represent one person, depending on how many people were left in that fine. A Fine would also devolve once its members were no longer descended from someone within 4 degrees, which often meant that even with a baile biattach there could be numerous distantly related group inheriting different plots of land.

4. Traditionally, members of the various fine would be present at a king's inauguration within a tuath or trícha cét, but by the later medieval period, withint larger kingdoms this was dominated by certain vassals (who would be given the honour of inaugurating the king) or even gallowglass captains, or in subject kingdoms, by their overlord in return of a luach impidhe literally "begging cost" the cost of getting your overlord to promote you to the lordship.

5. Due to tanistry, even at the higher ends, lineages would frequently divide, created various competitive subgroups who sometimes alternated succession but could also engage in civil strife to pursue their claims.

This may correspond to what developers think of tribalism. But I worry that we will have non-stratified pops within Ireland when there was intense stratification between nobles landed farmers and the semi-free poor in Irish society of the period. Many foreign commentators of the time said that the system of land ownership prevented the development of urbanism has those with a vested interest in land were less likely to leave their area, but there were many mobile elements in Irish society, especially the landless classes, be they rural poor, or artists such as poets, historians, physicians, or mercenaries. A single monolithic tribesman pop replacing different grades would not be very representative. Neither would a single tribal estate.

That said, there is an argument for representating the different lineages as part of an estate who, if they increase power, are more likely to throw their weight behind pretenders during a succession (or who may campaign to give a fine distantly their own lands to hold as vassals, but who provide manpower. The term for this at the time was free tuatha. These could be populated through a pop type called clansmen (or free clansmen). There might be room to represent non-free tuatha who were generally responsible for providing foodrent and taxes to the king and who could support his armies through billeting.
 
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True, but isn't it better to put it in the Northumberland province since they always kept it from then on?
And it had also changed hands repeatedly in the centuries before it as a highly disputed territory. So unless a location can be dynamically shifted to a different province, I would agree it would be best to put it under Northumberland. It only spends a decade of the game's timeframe as a part of Scotland iirc during the War of the Roses.
 
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Building on Otaman1's marking of city locations, (if you aren't going to change the location borders anyway) I'd suggest renaming Bradford to Skipton or Craven. Skipton is a market town attested in the Domesday book and has a well-preserved castle. It is actually in that location unlike Bradford and I believe was the most significant town there throughout Project Caesar's timeframe. Craven is the name for the general area in the north-west of the West Riding that Skipton falls in, and thus is a suitable alternate name.

Wakefield could then become the Bradford location instead, as Bradford is more central and afaik more significant in the late medieval than Wakefield.


Alternatively, if you are open to adding another location, since Wakefield was fairly significant still something like the below could work. Splitting Wakefield into two locations with the north one being Bradford. The original Bradford location once again becoming Skipton/Craven.


View attachment 1149649

The Beverley location could become Selby? It is directly south of York and I think it would fall within the location (don't think it is too far south!). It is also in the Domesday Book and it had an abbey until the dissolution, so it could be a location with high clergy influence. Market Weighton is definitely within the location as an alternate option, but while attested in the Domesday Book it is and I think always has been pretty tiny so I'd personally go with Selby over it.

The location falls in a bit of an empty area, at least by the standards of England anyway.
 
This may correspond to what developers think of tribalism. But I worry that we will have non-stratified pops within Ireland when there was intense stratification between nobles landed farmers and the semi-free poor in Irish society of the period. Many foreign commentators of the time said that the system of land ownership prevented the development of urbanism has those with a vested interest in land were less likely to leave their area, but there were many mobile elements in Irish society, especially the landless classes, be they rural poor, or artists such as poets, historians, physicians, or mercenaries. A single monolithic tribesman pop replacing different grades would not be very representative. Neither would a single tribal estate.

What would the correct level of stratification look like to you? I'm curious about the general ratio of peasants (petty landowners) vs tribesmen (landless mobile) and how that would vary in each part of Ireland.
 
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That said, there is an argument for representative the different lineages as part of an estate who, if they increase power, are more likely to throw their weight behind pretenders during a succession (or who may campaign to give a fine distantly their own lands to hold as vassals, but who provide manpower. The term for this at the time was free tuatha. These could be populated through a pop type called clansmen (or free clansmen). There might be room to represent non-free tuatha who were generally responsible for providing foodrent and taxes to the king and who could support his armies through billeting.
Could the same be applied to Scotland and the Isles? I'm sure there were still a lot of clans with some degrees of power in the most rural parts of the country
 
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Firstly, amazing work by @radioactive_bee ! I love the detail there, but I think London specifically might be less fun that way, even if it might be more accurate to county borders.
I love @Rule Britannia 's too, but I fear that level of granularity is hard to justify. I do really like that portrayal of London though

To throw my hat into the ring for Surrey, I think Reigate and Guildford could be hill locations, as both are quite hilly due to the North Downs, and there are a few hill castles there by game start! Having hills could also make the strategy involved in invading the South of England more interesting (and if the devs still prefer the current long-Guildford, I think that would be worth changing to hills too)
I think Southwark proper might be worth including as part of the London/City of London location to represent the urban sprawl and power of London.
What I've marked as Croydon could be included in Middlesex to make the potential player fantasy of a massive, sprawling London possible (whilst leaving three locations for a Surrey province! ;)). I chose Croydon over Kingston, Brixton and Sutton because of its medieval market, prominence and central location, but I could see arguments for all.
My slightly strange allocation of a Guildford location would allow for a flatlands Woking, which I think rounds out Surrey quite well!
As a final note, I think there's an argument for including Farnham within a location in Hampshire, given its ties with the Bishop of Winchester, but I'd be interested to see what people think
1718620691130.png
 
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That said, there is an argument for representative the different lineages as part of an estate who, if they increase power, are more likely to throw their weight behind pretenders during a succession (or who may campaign to give a fine distantly their own lands to hold as vassals, but who provide manpower. The term for this at the time was free tuatha. These could be populated through a pop type called clansmen (or free clansmen). There might be room to represent non-free tuatha who were generally responsible for providing foodrent and taxes to the king and who could support his armies through billeting.
I think this could be achieved by using heavily modified versions of the default estates. Such as the Tuatha estate being a modified version of the nobles, whereas Clansmen could be somewhat of a hybrid between Burghers and Tribes. Then the non free Clansmen could be represented by a modified Peasants estate. The clergy would mostly be the same, maybe with slightly more emphasis on their monastic nature. These estates would probably need new mechanics and privileges to properly represent Irish society, but at their core they would be similar to the default estates.
 
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This question is a long shot, but here goes:
Would it be in the realm of possibility to get a regional uncompressed screenshot of the location file?
That would drastically increase the accessability of the locations map and allow for the community to quickly map out suggestions using color select tools (instead of having to manually trace the provinces each time)

Similar to provinces.bmp of eu4:
1718623752508.png


Thanks for considering this request!
 
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Here's the topography including marshes. I just forgot

View attachment 1149196
I'm a bit concerned about the topography map of Ireland, especially when it comes to how many Marshes there are. Although it is accurate that many of these places were "marshy", many of them also had huge amounts of Hills and Highlands. Especially the locations of "An Clochán" and "Cill Airne" which I would consider to be way more hilly than they are marshy. As currently Irelands highest point (Caurrantoohil) is in a Marsh location, which doesn't seem right to me.

Also, if you want some impassible terrain in Ireland, then choose the Killarney mountains. They were a pain to traverse through until very recently so they could be represented as 2 separate impassible mountain ranges with a small passage going between them. Though they would be quite small pieces of impassible terrain.
 
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Since the community seems about 50:50 split on separating English culture, here's a sketch of how a Northern English culture could look. It's far from a definitive choice, just to extend the discussion a little.


View attachment 1149186
Honestly, I don't like it and feel it is unnecessary. Culture =/= dialect. England is one of the last places in the world that should have this level of granularity, I wonder how many hundreds of extra unnecessary cultures that the game will end up with if it treats all dialects as separate things.
 
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Firstly, amazing work by @radioactive_bee ! I love the detail there, but I think London specifically might be less fun that way, even if it might be more accurate to county borders.
I love @Rule Britannia 's too, but I fear that level of granularity is hard to justify. I do really like that portrayal of London though

To throw my hat into the ring for Surrey, I think Reigate and Guildford could be hill locations, as both are quite hilly due to the North Downs, and there are a few hill castles there by game start! Having hills could also make the strategy involved in invading the South of England more interesting (and if the devs still prefer the current long-Guildford, I think that would be worth changing to hills too)
I think Southwark proper might be worth including as part of the London/City of London location to represent the urban sprawl and power of London.
What I've marked as Croydon could be included in Middlesex to make the potential player fantasy of a massive, sprawling London possible (whilst leaving three locations for a Surrey province! ;)). I chose Croydon over Kingston, Brixton and Sutton because of its medieval market, prominence and central location, but I could see arguments for all.
My slightly strange allocation of a Guildford location would allow for a flatlands Woking, which I think rounds out Surrey quite well!
As a final note, I think there's an argument for including Farnham within a location in Hampshire, given its ties with the Bishop of Winchester, but I'd be interested to see what people think
View attachment 1149679
It's a game - it's for escapism - no one wants to be reminded of Croydon's existence.
 
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What would the correct level of stratification look like to you? I'm curious about the general ratio of peasants (petty landowners) vs tribesmen (landless mobile) and how that would vary in each part of Ireland.
Is landless mobile what tribesmen are meant to represent? If that's the case I wouldn't say very many at all. There was absolutely mobility in Irish society, many of the farmers would have engaged in transhumance, bringing cattle to uplands during the summer and keeping them closer to home in winter, but the overwhelming majority of the free classes held land. In fact, free status was linked to landholding. There were of course acceptions, itinerant preachers, learned classes and entertainers, craftsmen and mercenaries, refugee and some landless nobles who did not stand to inherit who travelled the country in the hope of receiving lands elsewhere in return for service as retained cavalryman, sort of quasi-knight errants. By the late 14th century the latter group frequently had a caoruigheacht (creaght in English sources) with them (their herds, moveable wealth and herdsmen) especially as the country became more and more ravaged by conflict.

Katherine Simms gives a good account of the latter phenomenon here. Again, most of the country was settled and power structures were based on land ownership.

 
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Further Trade Good Information

Newcastle - Coal
- The fishing and salt making industry was the most important resource from Sunderland to Newcastle. So you may be asking why am I suggesting Coal, well once the salt industry potentially started to develop from the 1100s, increasing into more prominence at the turn of the 1300-1400s and would fail twice notably in the 1500s. But the industry needed fuel to evaporate the sea water and collect the salt, which led to the growth of a coal industry which would survive past the collapse of the salt industry both times and become one of the major reasons for the growth of Sunderland port from the 1500s onwards. Coal here was of regional and then of national importance and exporting off to Europe, London and Scotland as well. I was surprised about how much research there is on this topic and the two references only scratch the surface if people are interested.

- Christine M. Newman, 'Marketing and Trading Networks in Medieval Durham', in Commercial Activity, Markets and Entrepreneurs in the Middle Ages: Essays in Honour of Richard Britnell, d., Ben Dodds and Christian D. Liddy (Boydell & Brewer, 2013), pp. 138-139
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Maureen Meikle and Christine M. Newman, Sunderland and its Origins: Monks to Mariners (Phillimore, 2007), pp. 176-182

Worcester - Salt - Cool overview by Hurst and goes into the logical reasoning why Salt was produced here namely because the easy access to fuel with all the forests near by. Didnt know about this until I stumbled across it looking for something completely unrelated the other day.

J. D. Hurst, 'The Extent and Development of the Worcestershire Medieval Salt Industry, and its impact on the Regional Economy', Exchange and Trade in Medieval Europe - Papers of the Medieval Brugge 1997 Conference, 3 (1997), 139-202




Ireland

With Ireland it is going to be extremely vague. We now know a lot about Ireland's import trade, but their export and local production centres are still widely unknown but a new focus of academics is coming to this. My major changes is that:

Wheat should be focussed around the port cities of the Pale, Wexford/Waterford, Galway, Limerick and Cork. The other wheat provinces should change to:

Study Grains in these locations - Tipperary, An Srath Ban, Oirialla and Cuil Raithin. I assume the agriculture set up of Ireland will completely change with the new world crops, but this is a more accurate set up for the start date. Afterall, their diet was Butter and Oats.
  • "Oats were the most commonly cultivated grain, which suited the cool, damp Irish climate, followed by barley and rye. Wheat was regarded as a luxury, and it was best suited to cultivation in the east midlands." Downham - 33-34.
  • "Wheat, barley and rye had a bigger role in the English diet (in bread, stews, pottages) and ale compared to the greater dependence on oats and dairy products in the Gaelic economy." - Downham - 191.

Fiber Crops in the locations of Ros Comain and Bun Raire to represent the Flax industry rather than Wheat. Due to the poorer soils and the lack of the English manorial system that drove wheat production, but did provide the conditions for Flax.
  • "Flax was an important crop for linen production in the west of Ireland as it flourishes in cool, damp environments." Downham - 195.

Lumber should be more a prevalent on the Ireland. My suggestions would be to add it to Naas, Fhear Mai and Arthenry.
  • "Timber was an important raw material for construction, shipbuilding, coopering, and other crafts and purposes. Extensive forestry in the hinterland of Ireland’s larger ports supplied the export market to England and France especially." Potterson - 203.

- Michael Potterton, 'Some Archaelogical Evidence for International Trade in Irish Towns in the Middle Ages', in Cities and Economy in Europe: Markets and the Trade on the Margins form the Middle Ages to the Present, ed., Katalin Szende, Erika Szívós, and Boglárka Weisz (Routledge, 2024), 183-212
- Clare Downham, Medieval Ireland (Cambridge University Press, 2018)
 
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I'm also familiar with Anglesey, in fact I crossed the Menai suspension bridge just last year :)

While you are correct that Anglesey is an island, at its narrowest point the Menai strait is only about 10m deep and 300m wide. I don't think you could sail a warship up it. As such it's represented as a river, as its strategic attributes are much more akin to a wide river than a coastal sea.
The Admiralty demanded that the bridges over the Menai Strait be built high enough for a warship to pass underneath. I think that the only major warship to do so was the 2nd rate HMS Conway, which in 1949 was towed to a mooring point half-way up the straight, where it served as a training ship. Four years later it ran aground while being towed to a repair yard. The channel was too shallow for a ship that large to transit at low tide, maybe frigates or sloops would be able to disrupt a crossing, though.
 
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Absolutely, but I believe fishing wouldn't be commonplace enough to consist of an entire trading good in these locations at the time.
Certainly the case in the location represented as "Fearna", which had no large port town. However, the area was heavily deforested for lumber during the early modern period, which was shipped downriver for export or to local ironworks, so perhaps that would be a more appropriate raw material. Sources:

T.C. Bernard, 'An Anglo-Irish Industrial Enterprise: Iron-Making at Enniscorthy, Co. Wexford, 1657-92', Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy, 85c (1985), passim.
P.H. Hore, History of the Town and County of Wexford, vol. 6 (London, 1911), 456, 472-4.
A.K. Longfield, Anglo-Irish Trade in the Sixteenth Century (London, 1929), 119.
Colm Tóibín (ed.), Enniscorthy: A History (Wexford, 2010), 93-6.

Also agree with others above that the Anglo-Irish (or whatever you want to call them) would not have been the dominant population in Fearna or Cill Mhantáin, which they appear to be in the Culture map.
 
Who hates who? Scots and British, Welsh and British, Irish and British, Irish and the Irish, English and the British.
"This whole Islands hate itself"

So don't worry offending anyone Paradox xD
 
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Is landless mobile what tribesmen are meant to represent? If that's the case I wouldn't say very many at all.
Not necessarily, its a square-peg round-hole situation for the whole world so I'm just trying to figure out good boundaries for Irish peasants vs tribesmen.
 
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Hi! I'm a resident of Southend, it's cool to see it represented but I think there's been a mistake with the population. Southend was like an empty fishing village until the Victorian era when it becomes a holiday destination. This is what I have been taught and I could find some sources locally need be, furthermore it crops up in the Domesday book as being empty (250 years prior I know) however this and other documents show that Southend did not have a population of 78,000 (near that of East London at game start, and a high pop tile anyways). No worries if this is wrong and have a nice day!
 
Further Trade Good Information






Ireland



Study Grains
in these locations - Tipperary, An Srath Ban, Oirialla and Cuil Raithin. I assume the agriculture set up of Ireland will completely change with the new world crops, but this is a more accurate set up for the start date. Afterall, their diet was Butter and Oats.
  • "Oats were the most commonly cultivated grain, which suited the cool, damp Irish climate, followed by barley and rye. Wheat was regarded as a luxury, and it was best suited to cultivation in the east midlands." Downham - 33-34.
  • "Wheat, barley and rye had a bigger role in the English diet (in bread, stews, pottages) and ale compared to the greater dependence on oats and dairy products in the Gaelic economy." - Downham - 191.
Recent pollen analysis has shown that there was wheat grown in Tyrone consistently during the middle ages. When I saw the map, this is what I presumed it referenced.
 
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Recent pollen analysis has shown that there was wheat grown in Tyrone consistently during the middle ages. When I saw the map, this is what I presumed it referenced.
can you share that paper, i would like to read it