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Tinto Maps #6 - 14th of June 2024 - Great Britain & Ireland

Hello everyone. @Pavía and the rest of the Content Design team are busy working on the feedback for the previous Tinto Maps, so I'm standing in for this week.

I'm @SaintDaveUK, some of you might have seen me here and there on the forums, but the long story short is that I work on a very secret game whose name I am contractually obligated to redact. That's right, it's ███████ ██████!

This week you get a double-whammy, mostly because it’s really hard to show Britain on its own on a screenshot. Partly to side-step the “British Isles” naming controversy, but mainly because the gameplay of them both is so different, this part of Europa is divided into 2 distinct regions: Great Britain and Ireland.

Climate​

The mild Oceanic climate (Köppen Cfb) dominates the isles. Where it cools towards the inland Pennines and the Scottish Highlands (Köppen Cfc), we represent it with the wintry and dreich Continental climate.

climate.jpg




Topography​

The isles are dominated by green and pleasant flatlands and low rolling hills, the peripheries punctuated by rocky mountains and craggy highlands.

We would like to add some more impassable locations in northern England and the Scottish borders to make manoeuvres a little more interesting and strategic, but would like suggestions from people more familiar with the Pennines.

[Edit: 16 June added the missing map]

topography.JPG


Vegetation​

The great moors, bogs, and fens are represented by Sparse vegetation, meanwhile much of the land is still wooded.

vegetation.jpg




Raw Materials​

The raw goods situation aims to reflect the economic reality of medieval Britain. Shepherding was common on every corner of the islands, a lot of the wool produced was sold to the industrial hub of the Low Countries to be manufactured into cloth, which was in turn sold back to British markets.

The further north-west we go, the less fertile the terrain, and as such the greater reliance on pastoral farming such as livestock over wheat. The western hills and valleys also expose a greater number of mineral delights, including the historic stannary mines of Devon and Cornwall.

raw_materials.jpg




Markets​

As you can see the two starting markets are London and Dublin. Aside from London we could have chosen almost any town, from Aberdeen to Bristol. We chose Dublin as it was the main trade centre in Ireland, and also because it handsomely splits the isles to the East and West of the Pennines, demonstrating the impact that terrain can have on dynamic Market attraction.

They are both shades of red because they are coloured after the market centre’s top overlord country – market control is a viable playstyle and we like to think of it as a form of map painting for countries not focused on traditional conquest routes.

market.jpg




Culture​

We have decided to go with a monolithic English culture. We could have forced the introduction of a second Northumbrian or even third Mercian culture, but typically they were not really considered separate peoples. The English, though diverse in origin and with a variety of dialects, had already begun to coalesce in the face of the Viking invasions hundreds of years before.

Scotland, conversely, is a real porridge of cultures. The Lowland Scots (who speak a dialect of Northumbrian English that later develops into the Scots language) dominate their kingdom from their wealthy burghs, and are gradually encroaching onto the pastoral lands of the Gaelic Highlanders. The Norse-Gaelic clansmen watch from the Western Isles, with some old settlements remaining around Galloway. The far north, ironically called Sutherland, retains some Norse presence.

Wales, conquered for around a century by this point, plays host to English burghers looking to make a few quid, as well as the descendants of Norman adventurer knights in the marcher lordships, but is still majority Welsh-speaking from Anglesey to Cardiff.

The Anglo-Irish (representing the spectrum from Cambro-Norman knights to the so-called ‘Old English’ settlers) live in great numbers in the south-eastern trading towns from Dublin to Cork, as well as in smaller numbers in frontier outposts.

The cosmopolitan towns across the isles are also home to people from elsewhere in Europe, most notably Flemish weavers from the Low Countries, though their numbers are too small to impact the mapmode.

The Norman ███████ dominates as the ██████████████ for both of the kingdoms and their subjects. The conquest of 1066 is no longer fresh, but the continuing bonds between the aristocratic classes of England, Scotland, and France have kept the French language alive and strong.

culture.jpg






Religion​

I decided that it's not even worth taking a screenshot of the Religion map mode. There are tiny minorities of Jewish people in some Scottish and Irish towns (they had been expelled from England), but they are so small in number they don't even register on the map mode

Other than that, it's all Catholic. But not for long.

> John Wycliffe has entered the chat.


Areas​

Based on the 4 provinces of Ireland (sorry Meath) and splitting England roughly into the larger Anglo-Saxon earldoms which have some similarity with the modern Regions (sorry Yorkshire).

areas.jpg





Provinces​

We have fixed the colours of the Provinces mapmode so you can see the individual provinces a bit more clearly. These are largely based on the historic counties, which have remained fairly constant throughout history, while merging some of those that are too small.

We’ve almost certainly offended someone.

The ancient Scottish shires are pretty messy and difficult to coalesce into neat provinces, so any suggestions for better arrangement there would be very welcome.

provinces.jpg




Locations​


You might notice that the locations in Ireland are varyingly written in both English and in Irish. This is because we have the new system up-and-running where we can name Locations by the primary culture of the country they are owned by.

This means that for example London might be called Londres if it was ruled by a Catalan country. It’s currently a WIP feature and we might add more elements, such as a game setting to base the name on dominant culture of the location instead, or to just use default (English) names.

locations.jpg




Government Types​

As with most of Europe, most of the countries are under some monarchy or another, but the Irish tuathas begin with the Tribe government type. This, among other mechanics such as [redacted] helps to give them a very unique playing style in Europe.

government.jpg


Countries​

England

England of course stands as the dominant kingdom in the isles. Despite having a lot of power resting on the barons, the country is fairly unitary even at this point, with very little practical separation between the crown’s power in somewhere like Kent versus Yorkshire. However there are notable exceptions.

The powerful Burgesses estate in the City of London enjoys ancient freedoms from royal power, while the king peers in from the Crown’s seat of power in neighbouring Westminster.

The County Palatine of Durham is not represented by a country, but buildings that give the Clergy Estate a huge amount of power in the locations it is present in. This also ties into political gameplay as a ██████████ ██████.

The newly created Duchy of Cornwall—the only duchy in England at the time—would also not be represented well by the Cornwall country, being a disparate set of manorial holdings that are ironically mostly in Devon. Cornwall of course exists as a releasable country though.

The Isle of Man is a little less certain. For now we have it as a subject of England. On paper it was a ‘kingdom’ awarded to William Montagu, the king’s favourite, however we aren’t sure if he actually wielded any real power on the isle. It changed hands between England and Scotland numerous times in this period, but in practice it appears to have been governed by a local council of barons. Any more details on exactly what was going on here in this period would be greatly appreciated.

These decisions have been made because as England heaves itself out of the feudal system, we thought it would be best if the small-fry inward-looking internal politicking is handled through the Estates and [redacted] systems, and then the diplomacy tracks are freed up for the English player to behave more outwardly against other major countries.

Wales

Though subjugated by conquest, Wales was not formally annexed into the Kingdom of England until the mid 1500s. As such the principality begins as a Dominion subject under England.

Those familiar with Welsh history will note that historically the Principality of Wales didn’t extend much beyond the old kingdom of Gywnedd. Much of the country to the southeast was in fact ruled by marcher lords, which we represent with a powerful Nobility estate in the valleys and beyond.

There is an alternative vision of Wales that I would like to gauge opinion on, and that is expanding it to include the Earldom of Chester and the marches on the English side of the modern border. If you are an Englishman familiar with modern borders this might look alarming, but these lands were also constitutionally ambiguous parts of the “Welsh Marches” until the 1500s. This will hand over to the Wales player the full responsibility of dealing with the marcher lords, allowing England to focus on bigger picture issues like beating France.

Ireland

Ireland is going through a moment of change. English royal power is centred on the Lordship of the Pale, the king’s Dominion ruling out of Dublin Castle. However, it struggles to keep a grasp on the rebellious Hiberno-Norman earls scattered around the island - some of whom remain as vassals, some of whom have managed to slip free of royal control.

The Tanistry system of succession endemic to the Gaelic Irish has its advantages, but it can also lead to chaotic feuds between rival branches. The so-called Burke Civil War has fractured the powerful Earldom of Ulster into rival Burke cousins who jealously feud over their shrinking lordships in Connaught. Native Irish princes of the north have reconquered most of their own lands from the de Burghs, but there are also two rival O’Neill cousins who style themselves King of Tyrone either side of the River Bann.

The feuding Irish lack a unifying figure, but anyone powerful enough could theoretically claim the title of High King. The former provincial kingdoms, such as Meath and Connacht, enjoy the elevated rank of Duchy, giving them a slight edge in the High Kingship selection.

Scotland

The chancer Edward Balliol continues his attempt for the Scottish throne, with England’s tacit permission. It’s hard to determine the exact lands held by Balliol in 1337, but we know his disinherited loyalists hold the castle of Perth while his English allies had seized large tracts of the lowlands from Bruce. Balliol has also bought the loyalty of the MacDonald and the other Hebridean galley lords by granting them remote land on the west coast of the mainland.

Meanwhile, Scotland’s canny regent Sir Andrew de Moray launches his decisive counterattack as his true king, David II de Bruce, waits in exile in France.

political.jpg


Dynasties​

We know about Plantagenet, Balliol, and Bruce, so I've zoomed in on Ireland to show the ruling dynasties of the various chieftains and earls.

dynasty.jpg


Population​

Excuse the seams and the greyscale mapmode. We have something better in the pipeline...

population_country.jpg
population_location.jpg




Well, thats it for now!

As always the team is eagerly awaiting your feedback and looking forward to the discussions. We’ll try to keep on top of the thread, but we have a teambuilding activity this afternoon so it might be a little more sporadic than usual!

Next week: Anatolia!
 
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Opened an actual thread as I felt this one was already quite crowded :) slowly getting used to the inner workings of the spam filter lmao

I initially thought your Strathclyde geography was totally off, until it finally clicked that this tiny nub is currently the extent of the Clyde's Estuary/the Tail of the Bank area...

1000013370.jpg


Looking a bit, shall we say, unimpressive?
 
Not sure how different it was in the game time period, but this map of climates in the United Kingdom really made me think.

1723443863060.png


In fact, the only part of this image that's not oceanic are the grey spots (tundra) and the very darkest shade of green (which is the only part that is continental). Everything else is oceanic.

I am really doubtful that any locations in the British Isles at all (except the impassable mountains in Scotland which don't really count) should be anything other than oceanic. Perhaps someone could enlighten me.

1723443925023.png
 
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We now have 3 proposals for revised locations in Scotland, so I thought it would be worth having them together in a single post so they can be compared to the original paradox locations. There are areas of disagreement between the proposals, but I think they all provide needed location density as well as more natural looking location borders.
I'm gonna react to maps made by the community and detail what I think

hellfirematt's map is overall really good, there are still some issues with it however (from south to north):
  • Clackmannan has too much of the Ochils (although I guess that better separates Fife from the rest topographically
  • Glasgow as Strathgryfe is a bold choice, I'd keep Strathgryfe as Renfrew and put Glasgow with the "Bothwell" location
  • The "Aird" location looks to be the lordship of the Aird + of Urquhart, I'd personally name it Urquhart as that settlement would have been the most important in the location considering its shape (not necessarily the most populated but the most relevant)
  • The "Applecross" location has Applecross, Kintail, Lochalsh, Lochcarron, and the bits of Gairloch around glen Torridon, I get why you'd have Applecross stick with southern Gairloch (glen Torridon) but I believe it should be separate from Kintail/Lochalsh/Lochcarron, either as a separate location or as a part of Gairloch, as those southern bits leading to Skye were quite relevant (and having more than three separate lordships in a single location seems a bit too dense)
  • The "Gairloch" location is interesting, mergin the bits of the parish of Gairloch not under influence from Applecross (as in everything but glen Torridon) with the southern part of the parish of Lochbroom: the lordship of Lochbroom spanned the north of Gairloch (the bits northeast of Loch Maree and Loch Ewe) and Coigach was considered separate, giving Coigach to Assynt thus makes Assynt "big enough" to have its own location; however I think Assynt should be the least of your worries and other locations should be created first, Argyll is not nearly dense enough for us to be asking for more locations in Wester Ross
  • That east/west split of Easter Ross is weird, you can't have the Black Isle and the northeast of Ross together: either have three locations like I proposed or merge the Black Isle into my Dingwall location
  • Having Strathnaver as two locations (Durness and Tongue) and Sutherland as only one (Dornoch) feels very wrong, Sutherland was more densely populated, more revelant to Scottish politics, more important strategically and economically, and had more settlements
  • Maybe Caithness should have two locations? idk
In terms of the Provinces, it's overall quite good. I can't really tell Perthshire from Strathclyde but Dumbarton should definitely be with Strathclyde. I still believe that Lochaber should be in the Moray province. The late Alasdair Ross' The Kings of Alba: C.1000 - C.1130 had an entire part about the geography of the earldom of Moray in the 14th century, directly stemming from Ross' thesis. I advise anyone who can to read either (althoug the thesis is quite long and a bit more confusing to read as he was less experienced in writing, Ross gives more evidence and provides more primary sources).

Now onto Iwhytel's additions
Scotland Province Map
scotland provinces.png

I mostly based this off of what hellfirematt described with some minor changes such as the introduction of Stirlingshire.
Inverness-shire and Moray should just be merged and be called Moray. Sutherland is too big to only be called Sutherland, call it Caithness instead. Considering the setup of the other provinces, the Mearns shouldn't be their own province. Stirlingshire is okay-ish but I'd add Comrie to it. I respect the bold Lochaber decision.

Scotland Cultures Map
scotland cultures.png

Sorry for the shoddy lines on this one.
I introduced Norn/Nornish to replace Norwegian in the North to show it is a distinct language and culture.
Renamed Norse-Gael to Gallgael/Galgael in an attempt to avoid dashes/overly-academic, non-immersive naming.
Renamed Highlander to Gaelic so that it makes more sense outside of the Highlands.
Most of the changes are good. If you split "Nornish" from Norwegian you might as well have a separate Galwegian culture for those bits of Gaelic in the southwest, representing the Norse-Gaelic influence that is currently shown as a minority. I think Scots should be a minority in all of Fife, Dumbarton and Menteith, and shouldn't be as prevalent as shown in Badenoch, Mar, Aberfeldy, and Breadalbane.

mattd_'s Map (Apologies if I've made any mistakes adding location names)
mattdscotland.png
Same as before, I'll list any issues that I haven't already mentioned for the previous maps, south to north:
  • The Inveraray/Oban border doesn't really make sense, hellfirematt's Lorne location more accurately depicts the topography of the area and its historical setup
  • I don't think Kildrummy is a good pick for Mar
  • Nairn should have a location
  • Ruthven (the Badenoch location) might go a bit too far along the lower spey, give that to Elgin
  • The border between Kildrummy and Banff shouldn't all be impassable
  • Inverlochy (the Lochaber location) should go west into Murlagan up to the watershed (and some pixels into Ardtornish), look at my detailed map of the area for reference
  • Gairloch makes absolutely no sense, it doesn't have the modern settlement of Gairloch, the parish church of the parish of Gairloch, and the only bit of the parish it has is glen Torridon, if you wanna keep that particular shape (which I already discussed above), you should name it Lochalsh
  • Once again, Ulapool is completely anachronous, name it Gairloch (or Lochbroom considering it has Coigach)
  • I hadn't mentioned that in my first post but Assynt being in Strathnaver is a bit meh, Having it be its own location with Coigach is fine (or just merge it with Lochbroom)
  • The Easter Ross setup is better than hellfirematt's, but I still think the Black Isle should have its own location

once again, from south to north:
  • I don't see why Cumnock has a location, Kyle should be split north/south along the river Ayr instead of east/west, but thay may be for topography gameplay reasons
  • Dumbarton should be in Strathclyde
  • I'm not sure about Knapdale being given to Inverary instead of Kintyre
  • Etive should never be split from Lorne (they can be two separate locations but they HAVE to be in the same province)
  • Kincardine should be in Angus
  • Moray and Inverness shouldn't be two separate provinces
  • Mortlach should be in Aberdeenshire and should have bits of the upper Don
  • Banff should be in Aberdeenshire
  • the shape of Nairn makes no sense: stick along the rivers and with historical borders
  • Strathdearn shouldn't have its own location, give it to Inverness and add locations elsewhere instead
  • same naming issues as before: Aird should be Urquhart, Applecross should be Lochalsh
  • the Inverlael location makes no sense in terms of historical borders, but I imagine that's once again for the in game topography
  • really? Juray and Islay are separate but Skye + the Small Isles has a single location?
Overall, everyone seems to have (mostly) fixed the issues in the southwest and in the central belt, but Ross and Moray are still a bit of a mess. I believe they've been way too overlooked in academia, leading to people to rely on modern borders and administrative divisions.

Really good job from all, not quite sure how to tag you though
 
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Additional homemade maps of some lordships/provinces

1723449513784.png

1723449556963.png

teeechnically some bits of the upper valley of the river Dulnain (that I put in the lordship of Glencarnie) were considered to be within Badenoch but I gave them to Glencarnie to fit the river catchment

1723449578528.png

The area around Glen Moriston may have been considered within Kintail. I gave it to the lordship of Urquhart in order to stick with the great watershed, but Kintail may have extended over the areas of Glen Moriston and upper Glen Affric (aqround Alltbeithe on the map).
By the way, if you ever get to hike in Scotland, do it in Kintail around Bein Adha, it's an amazing walk (but be wary of the bogs)

1723449088496.png

Never came around to finishing mid and nether Lorne, but considering the topography it may be best to keep them as a single location and have upper Lorne correspond to the glen Appin lordship. "Argyll proper" is just the parts of Argyll that are neither in Ross, Moray, Garmoran, Ardnamurchan, Morvern, Lorne, Knapdale, Kintyre, or Cowal (and are surrounded by Lorne, Knapdale, Cowal, and the Lennox).

1723449218724.png

Atholl consisted of the catchment of the Tay upstream of Dunkeld (and not including it). Breadalbane was the part of Atholl contained within the catchments of Loch Tay and of the river Lyon (minus the modern settlements of Glengoulandie and Coshieville).
 
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Heads up that I'll be off work for a while so there won't be much progress on GB+Ireland for a couple of months, please keep posting anything useful you have though
 
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Now onto Iwhytel's additions

Inverness-shire and Moray should just be merged and be called Moray. Sutherland is too big to only be called Sutherland, call it Caithness instead. Considering the setup of the other provinces, the Mearns shouldn't be their own province. Stirlingshire is okay-ish but I'd add Comrie to it. I respect the bold Lochaber decision.


Most of the changes are good. If you split "Nornish" from Norwegian you might as well have a separate Galwegian culture for those bits of Gaelic in the southwest, representing the Norse-Gaelic influence that is currently shown as a minority. I think Scots should be a minority in all of Fife, Dumbarton and Menteith, and shouldn't be as prevalent as shown in Badenoch, Mar, Aberfeldy, and Breadalbane.
Made some maps with your changes, to visualise them better:

scotland provinces - maxB9F feedback.png

I am personally not the biggest fan of Moray consuming Inverness-shire but I think I understand the historical reasons why.

scotland cultures - maxB9F feedback.png

Apologies if I misunderstood what you wanted with the Galwegians, I took it as they are to consume the Gaels and Gallgaels in the region but I was not completely sure if that is what you had intended.
 
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Made some maps with your changes, to visualise them better:

View attachment 1174673
I am personally not the biggest fan of Moray consuming Inverness-shire but I think I understand the historical reasons why.
Looking great! Kincardine should deffo stay within Angus though. I may have been wrong about Comrie moving to Stirlingshir, but I reckon this'll end up being a balancing decision

scotland cultures - maxB9F feedback.png

Apologies if I misunderstood what you wanted with the Galwegians, I took it as they are to consume the Gaels and Gallgaels in the region but I was not completely sure if that is what you had intended.

Yeah, that's exactly it! looking great
 
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I'm gonna react to maps made by the community and detail what I think


hellfirematt's map is overall really good, there are still some issues with it however (from south to north):
  • Clackmannan has too much of the Ochils (although I guess that better separates Fife from the rest topographically
  • Glasgow as Strathgryfe is a bold choice, I'd keep Strathgryfe as Renfrew and put Glasgow with the "Bothwell" location
  • The "Aird" location looks to be the lordship of the Aird + of Urquhart, I'd personally name it Urquhart as that settlement would have been the most important in the location considering its shape (not necessarily the most populated but the most relevant)
  • The "Applecross" location has Applecross, Kintail, Lochalsh, Lochcarron, and the bits of Gairloch around glen Torridon, I get why you'd have Applecross stick with southern Gairloch (glen Torridon) but I believe it should be separate from Kintail/Lochalsh/Lochcarron, either as a separate location or as a part of Gairloch, as those southern bits leading to Skye were quite relevant (and having more than three separate lordships in a single location seems a bit too dense)
  • The "Gairloch" location is interesting, mergin the bits of the parish of Gairloch not under influence from Applecross (as in everything but glen Torridon) with the southern part of the parish of Lochbroom: the lordship of Lochbroom spanned the north of Gairloch (the bits northeast of Loch Maree and Loch Ewe) and Coigach was considered separate, giving Coigach to Assynt thus makes Assynt "big enough" to have its own location; however I think Assynt should be the least of your worries and other locations should be created first, Argyll is not nearly dense enough for us to be asking for more locations in Wester Ross
  • That east/west split of Easter Ross is weird, you can't have the Black Isle and the northeast of Ross together: either have three locations like I proposed or merge the Black Isle into my Dingwall location
  • Having Strathnaver as two locations (Durness and Tongue) and Sutherland as only one (Dornoch) feels very wrong, Sutherland was more densely populated, more revelant to Scottish politics, more important strategically and economically, and had more settlements
  • Maybe Caithness should have two locations? idk
In terms of the Provinces, it's overall quite good. I can't really tell Perthshire from Strathclyde but Dumbarton should definitely be with Strathclyde. I still believe that Lochaber should be in the Moray province. The late Alasdair Ross' The Kings of Alba: C.1000 - C.1130 had an entire part about the geography of the earldom of Moray in the 14th century, directly stemming from Ross' thesis. I advise anyone who can to read either (althoug the thesis is quite long and a bit more confusing to read as he was less experienced in writing, Ross gives more evidence and provides more primary sources).

Now onto Iwhytel's additions

Inverness-shire and Moray should just be merged and be called Moray. Sutherland is too big to only be called Sutherland, call it Caithness instead. Considering the setup of the other provinces, the Mearns shouldn't be their own province. Stirlingshire is okay-ish but I'd add Comrie to it. I respect the bold Lochaber decision.


Most of the changes are good. If you split "Nornish" from Norwegian you might as well have a separate Galwegian culture for those bits of Gaelic in the southwest, representing the Norse-Gaelic influence that is currently shown as a minority. I think Scots should be a minority in all of Fife, Dumbarton and Menteith, and shouldn't be as prevalent as shown in Badenoch, Mar, Aberfeldy, and Breadalbane.


Same as before, I'll list any issues that I haven't already mentioned for the previous maps, south to north:
  • The Inveraray/Oban border doesn't really make sense, hellfirematt's Lorne location more accurately depicts the topography of the area and its historical setup
  • I don't think Kildrummy is a good pick for Mar
  • Nairn should have a location
  • Ruthven (the Badenoch location) might go a bit too far along the lower spey, give that to Elgin
  • The border between Kildrummy and Banff shouldn't all be impassable
  • Inverlochy (the Lochaber location) should go west into Murlagan up to the watershed (and some pixels into Ardtornish), look at my detailed map of the area for reference
  • Gairloch makes absolutely no sense, it doesn't have the modern settlement of Gairloch, the parish church of the parish of Gairloch, and the only bit of the parish it has is glen Torridon, if you wanna keep that particular shape (which I already discussed above), you should name it Lochalsh
  • Once again, Ulapool is completely anachronous, name it Gairloch (or Lochbroom considering it has Coigach)
  • I hadn't mentioned that in my first post but Assynt being in Strathnaver is a bit meh, Having it be its own location with Coigach is fine (or just merge it with Lochbroom)
  • The Easter Ross setup is better than hellfirematt's, but I still think the Black Isle should have its own location


once again, from south to north:
  • I don't see why Cumnock has a location, Kyle should be split north/south along the river Ayr instead of east/west, but thay may be for topography gameplay reasons
  • Dumbarton should be in Strathclyde
  • I'm not sure about Knapdale being given to Inverary instead of Kintyre
  • Etive should never be split from Lorne (they can be two separate locations but they HAVE to be in the same province)
  • Kincardine should be in Angus
  • Moray and Inverness shouldn't be two separate provinces
  • Mortlach should be in Aberdeenshire and should have bits of the upper Don
  • Banff should be in Aberdeenshire
  • the shape of Nairn makes no sense: stick along the rivers and with historical borders
  • Strathdearn shouldn't have its own location, give it to Inverness and add locations elsewhere instead
  • same naming issues as before: Aird should be Urquhart, Applecross should be Lochalsh
  • the Inverlael location makes no sense in terms of historical borders, but I imagine that's once again for the in game topography
  • really? Juray and Islay are separate but Skye + the Small Isles has a single location?
Overall, everyone seems to have (mostly) fixed the issues in the southwest and in the central belt, but Ross and Moray are still a bit of a mess. I believe they've been way too overlooked in academia, leading to people to rely on modern borders and administrative divisions.

Really good job from all, not quite sure how to tag you though
Thanks for the feedback. I’ll provide a bit of my thinking for some of the choices you disagree with on my province/location map.

Cumnock is there to provide more density in the lowlands and to make a better Ayrshire province. It is on the Gough map, and the terrain is quite different than the coastal Ayr location.

There’s a few locations that could go either way in terms of which province they are in. Dumbarton/The Lennox being in Stirlingshire is a bit awkward, but it is difficult to have a viable Stirlingshire province otherwise. Paradox have Stirling in Lothian which I thought wasn’t quite right. From a purely historical basis there’s an argument for having Dumbarton, Renfrew, Stirling, Menteith, Strathearn etc as their own tiny provinces (while renaming Strathclyde to Clydesdale), but I think it wouldn’t make any sense gameplay-wise as the devs are aiming for more locations-per-province. It is quite a tricky balance.

Kincardine/Mearns being in Aberdeenshire or Angus could go either way, with it being historically separate but probably too small to be a province by itself. It probably just comes down to whatever the devs think is more balanced. The same goes for Banffshire (Banff & Mortlach) being in Moray rather than Aberdeenshire.

I agree on Lorne and Etive being in the same province, or even being the same location. The original location was just massive compared to others around it. Which province they go in is the same as the above examples, it probably comes down to which of Lochaber or Argyll makes the most sense for balance reasons.

Inverness-shire as a province separate from Moray is obviously a bit anachronistic at the start date, but I think it does work for a lot of the game’s time-frame. I’ll do a quick mockup of alternate highland provinces as suggested by your comments. I still lean towards Inverness-shire being separate, but I think either configuration is better than the Inverness location being in an Argyll province as originally shown by Paradox. I haven’t changed the location borders themselves as I think the method Paradox are using to draw the individual locations means they aren’t always going to be perfectly historical, which I don’t think is a huge problem. There have been a few discussions about alternate location names, but I will just leave them as they are on my map for the sake of simplicity. Paradox will be reading the entire thread for info on the ideal location names anyway. I think having the entirety of Sutherland, Strathnaver, and Caithness all being in a province called Caithness doesn't make sense historically either.
HighlandsProvincesNew.png


Strathdearn was a tricky one, I carved it out of Inverness because the terrain is quite mountainous in the southern inland portion of the original location, while the areas around Inverness itself are flatter and more suitable to agriculture. A compromise might be splitting Strathdearn between Inverness, Aird, and Badenoch.

I suspect Inverlael will end up not making the cut because much of the area will probably end up being impassable terrain, but I posted a map and some sources which suggest the location itself was reasonably important and populated in the notes section of a previous post. On a previous version of my map I had Easter Ross split in to Tain, Dingwall, and Cromarty(containing the Black Isle), all extending to the west and including a lot of the Inverlael location. I do think there’s a way of having all of them as separate locations as you suggest. I just found it tricky because the inland parts are very mountainous compared to the Black Isle and the other parts around the coast and Cromarty Firth.

I did consider it, but I fear the Small Isles are just too small to be their own location because of the soft limits that Paradox have for location size. The same might be the case for some of the locations you’re suggesting in the highlands. Some of the locations on my proposed map are probably verging on being too small as well, particularly in Fife. I do like the idea of having very granular locations in Scotland, even splitting Skye as you suggest, but there's also the issue that the locations would have tiny populations.
 
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I do like the idea of having very granular locations in Scotland, even splitting Skye as you suggest, but there's also the issue that the locations would have tiny populations.
First off, thanks a lot for the feedback!
I've always wished for more granularity throughout the Crusader Kings maps, but CK doesn't have pops, so more locations (baronies) in an area means more wealth
Project Caesar having pops means that, in theory, you could create as many locations as you want in an area (without exhausting devs lol) and have the area still be poor due to it having low population
I just don't want Project Caesar to go the CK way and have huge swathes of land be a single location when sparsely populated (in the pontic steppe and siberia for example), as that's annoying for both settling an unpopulated area and military manoeuvres
 
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First off, thanks a lot for the feedback!
I've always wished for more granularity throughout the Crusader Kings maps, but CK doesn't have pops, so more locations (baronies) in an area means more wealth
Project Caesar having pops means that, in theory, you could create as many locations as you want in an area (without exhausting devs lol) and have the area still be poor due to it having low population
I just don't want Project Caesar to go the CK way and have huge swathes of land be a single location when sparsely populated (in the pontic steppe and siberia for example), as that's annoying for both settling an unpopulated area and military manoeuvres
Oh, and I just saw the Iceland and Greenland maps, with locations having 0 or 100 pops, we can definitely give Scotland more locations lmao
 
I deep-dived stone for England (and Wales to some degree).

Sources:

Historic England: https://historicengland.org.uk/advice/technical-advice/buildings/building-stones-england/.
English Stones Forum write-up: (https://englishstone.org.uk/Dimension_stone.html).
English marbles write-up: (https://www.buildingconservation.com/articles/shining/shining.htm). Based on this, the only "marble" in England should be the Purbeck "marble".
NAMHO article on stone: (https://www.namho.org/download.php?id=103&pageht=1100). Although, this was used as more of an introduction.

Here is a map that I made based on Historic England info:

Potential stone locations.png

Let me explain what this thing is.

Color scheme:
White - If a location is white, then that means that there was a high density of quarries in the Historic England quarry maps, but no famous stones. So, white = lots and lots of quarries. If the province is white and labelled borderline, then that means I wasn't sure whether I was being consistent with my standard from other regions. So, basically, think of that as borderline white.
Black - If a location is black, then that means there was a famous stone in the location. The specific stone should be labelled. My measure of fame was the number of times that the stone was mentioned as being exported/imported into other regions for building. Most stones did not travel far. I'll provide some categories below to create some differentiation between the fame of the stones. The more famous the stone, the greater the reason to represent it.
Grey - If a location is grey, then that means there was a high density of quarries and there was a famous stone.

Stone fame rankings: (Note - It was very rare for a stone to be mentioned as being exported outside of its province, so these are all considered famous stones)

Very High (mentioned 9+ times):
Portland Stone (15)
Bath Stone (12)
Wales/Cumberland/Westmorland Slates (9)

High (6 - 8):
Ancaster Stone (8)
Caen Stone (8)
Purbeck Marble (8)
Kentish Ragstone (7)
Mansfield Stone (7)

Moderate (4 - 5):
Clipsham Stone (5)
Hollington Stone (5)
Ham Hill Stone (4)
Ketton Stone (4)

Low:
Quarr Stone (3)
Bembridge Stone (3)
Chilmark Stone (3)
Doulting Stone (3)
Elland Flags (3)
Mountsorrel Granodiorite (3)
Ventnor Stone (3)

What does this mean? It means you could justify a lot of stone locations. The justification can be based on either the total level of quarry activity or on fame (I tend to think high and above would be worth trying to represent) or on a combination. I am planning on increasing the number of stone locations in my recommendation to around 10. England was a stony place.

Brief word on Wales.

The Wales Slates in the north are a no-brainer.

I do think there should be a stone location in the south. I did some brief research. There was a relatively famous limestone in southern Wales that was exported to England (again, that was my measure of fame). It was Sutton Stone, located in the Vale of Glamorgan. I mentioned that it is limestone because most of the list above are limestones. Limestones were prettier rocks, so more likely to be used in cathedrals, monuments, etc, which is what made them famous.

Enjoy. This was fun research. If you are a geology nerd, apologies if I got anything wrong. I did my best having started from nothing.

Edit: Here is a map of the slates in northern Wales. It includes some metals as well.

1723697320757.png
 
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Existing Pennine Wastelands (Part 1 of 2)
Looking at the harbours map mode of Tinto Talks #24 some Pennine wastelands (in red) can be seen (plus the Yorkshire Moors). I've included an image below with overlaid borders from the GB/Ireland Tinto Maps update to make things a bit clearer.

The major changes I'd suggest:
  1. Removing the Skipon-Leeds wasteland
  2. Adding a Leeds-Blackburn wasteland
  3. Adding a Wakefield-Glossop wasteland
  4. Maybe remove the wasteland between Manchester and Leeds
I would suggest keeping:
  1. Macclesfield-Wakefield Wasteland
  2. Free movement between Glossop-Stoke and Glossop-Chesterfield

Link to the interactive topography map

1723906603056.png


The Aire Gap: Removing the Skipon-Leeds Wasteland
Something I've found an odd choice for is having a wasteland between Leeds and Skipton. The River Aire and Wharfe both carve out large valleys between Leeds and Skipton (with Ilkley Moor in between) and was and still is an important trans-pennine route as it is one of the major 'breaks' in the Pennine hill chain. Likewise many important towns came to be including the historic market towns of Ilkley and Otley which were important stops used by Cromwell before the Battle of Preston (1648) (see spoiler) and later the towns of Keighley, Bingley, and Shipley. The suffix -ley is means woodland or clearing likely as these towns are rather flat due to their proximity to the rivers, downstream theres also Headingley, Bramley, and Armley.

The Aire Gap also joins up to the Ribble and Lune Valleys in Lancashire which skirt around the Forest of Bowland. The Ribble Valley was used by Prince Rupert of the Rhine to get from Liverpool to York via Preston and Skipton prior to the Battle of Marston Moor (1644). Again, these were useful passages during the English Civil War, with Skipton being the centre of the Aire Gap.

In the spoiler tabs are some topographic maps with the approximate route Prince Rupert of the Rhine (in purple) and Cromwell & allies (in magenta) took to their respective battles. I've also included Standedge pass between Manchester and Huddersfield. Location boundaries are the black transparent overlay, with wasteland being the hashed borders.

Stars correspond to battles:
  1. Battle of Adwalton Moor (1663)
  2. Battle of Marston Moor (1644) - dotted line between Skipton and Knaresborough: not too sure if they went through the mountains or via the River Wharfe
  3. Battle of Preston (1668)
Pennines Geography.png

Battle of Martson Moor.png

Battle of Preston 1648.png
 
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South Trans-Pennine Movements (Part 2 of 2)

The issue with the Pennines is that they aren't impenetrable, given existing Roman roads such as Standedge pass. However, lack of supply, sparse moorland, unstable terrain, bogs and harsh weather in the Pennines makes the Aire Gap and other breaks such as the Tyne or Stainmore Gaps much more favourable. I do think wastelands should be present but whether another gap in the pennines should be made is a bit more difficult to suggest.

I think the best approach is to retrospectively comment about trans-pennine movements (ie: what is the situation in the modern day - spoiler, cross-pennine connectivity still isn't the best despite 10+ million living in and around the area). I'm more familiar with the Calder Valley/M62 areas but I'd assume when it snows around this area, it snows heavily around the Peaks further south. Obviously I don't know what the weather was like between the 1300s to 1800s but I'd assume snow would've made the Pennines difficult or impossible to pass if the terrain wasn't already.

Between Leeds-Blackburn locations - I suggest adding wasteland to force army movements via the Aire Gap

1. The Aire Gap (via Skipton location) - as per historic movements in part 1 due to adequate supply from towns such as Clitheroe, Skipton, Ilkley and Otley. The Leeds-Liverpool canal eventually would bridge the the River Darwen (Blackburn) to the River Aire at Skipon.​
2. Upper Calder Valley between Burnley and Todmorden - not the most efficient route between East Lancs and Leeds today by car (roads are better along the Aire Gap). The valley gradient restricts railway speeds (slowest section on Blackpool-York services).​


Between Manchester-Leeds Locations - if a gap in the wastelands was to be made, this would probably be the best option as it has a few modern day (and historic) crossings and has some of the shortest crossing distances.

3. Calder Valley - gradient not too bad, eventually the River Calder would connect to the River Roch in Rochdale, trains run frequently between Manchester and Leeds but the River Calder is very prone to flooding (water from the valleys all flows into the River Calder during heavy rainfall).​
4. Standedge - historic Roman road crossing between Manchester and Huddersfield. About 3-5 miles between the two valleys are quite mountainous. The fastest and most direct route between Leeds and Manchester by rail via the Standedge Tunnels.​
8. M62 Corridor - the only dual carridgeway across the entire south pennines. Snow can block the M62 entirely. Quite hilly hence the need during construction to flatten areas or famously split the motorway around Stott Hall Farm due to unstable terrain (boggy).​


Between Manchester/Macclesfield/Glossop and Wakefield - I'd suggest adding a wasteland between 'Glossop' and Wakefield

5. Woodhead - quite hilly and remote. About 20km from Glossop to Penistone which are the closest areas for supply. Railway tunnels used to be used between Manchester and Sheffield but traffic was split when the Hope Valley Line opened. Woodhead tunnels closed in the 20th century. The M67 motorway in Manchester never got to Sheffield due to the terrain forcing it to go into a very expensive tunnel hence why it never materialised.​


Between Glossop and Chesterfield (and onward to Doncaster) - I'd suggest this being as it is (no wasteland)

6. Hope Valley - terrain is difficult hence why this was the last trans-pennine railway route to open as it required 2 large tunnels.​
7. High Peak Railway Route - first transpennine route due to the terrain being less steep than the others. Railway was mothballed in the 20th century to build a road.​
I know those two routes juxtapose each other but as the Glossop location (basically High Peak) encompasses both routes - its passable.​

As per above, looking at the options across the Pennines today is a start. Naturally it would make sense to 'upgrade' historic medieval routes of least resistance into railways and roads. Meanwhile, understanding the paths of most resistance (such as Woodhead, many failed M67 proposals and Hope Valley tunnels) shows which areas are least likely to have historic trans-pennine movements.



Transpennine routes.png
 
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I tried to do a deep dive into clay locations, then got kind of bored with it. Long story short, there is pottery/brick quality clay in large parts of England.

Here is what I found:

First, NAMHO article on clay: https://www.namho.org/documents/MINING_FRAMEWORK_Pt_two_v2.pdf

Next, maps of sources of clay.

First, the highest quality map that I made by combining a county map with a clay resource map.

Edit: On a re-read, I wanted to point out that the "Carboniferous Mudstones" are typically called fireclays. They are high iron content clays that make particularly good bricks/tiles. Wrexham has the nickname of Terracottapolis according to this website (https://www.typawb.wales/welcome-to-terracottapolis-introducing-our-brand-new-exhibition/) because of local fireclays. Fireclay was often a byproduct of coal/iron mines in Carbon Measures rocks, but it was valuable enough that it was worth mining for in and of itself.

Clay Locations 2.png

The problem is that I eventually learned this map is not comprehensive. It does not include Gault clays, which were used in London to make pottery. It also doesn't have the Kimmeridge clays, which were used for brick-building in Bedfordshire. Here is a map that has both of those (Kimmeridge is combined with the Lower Oxford:

1723939759064.png

Is that it? Nope. There are ball clays that are missing from all of the above maps. I can't recall if I read this or it was just an impression, but I think ball clays were the most valuable clays (ignoring the China clays, which are not time appropriate). Regardless, ball clays were an important resource.

Here is a map of where the ball clays were found (focus on the ball clay locations - the China clay is not time appropriate):

1723938601866.png

I then tried to find records of where brick or pottery (or tile) were manufactured. This is where I eventually got burnt out. Here is the map that I made up to this point:

Potential Clay Locations.png

In my experience, if you look hard enough, you can eventually find records of brick or pottery in most of the places where there were clay deposits in the above maps. Brick and pottery manufacturing are pretty common. It isn't a high bar to have brick or pottery manufacturing. If you want to use manufacturing to determine where to put clay, then you have to determine whether the manufacturing was important or not. In some cases, that is obvious (Potteries). In others, less so. It requires a lot of digging into each example. It is just a lot of time and a big project for what I think is a marginal good.

My recommendation would be to sprinkle clay locations around England in sufficient quantity that it is an asset. I don't have a good feel for how beneficial clay is, so this is another example where the Paradox folks are going to have to make a judgement call. Maybe a half-dozen locations? I'm going to do a comprehensive goods map when I am done doing deep dives, so I'll make some choices when I do. I'm going to aim for places where there aren't higher priority alternatives. My assumption is that clay is a meh good.

I'll finish with a quote from the NAMHO article:

"Clay is one of the most common minerals worked in England; there is no county which does not have some form of historic clay workings within its boundaries."

Edit: I was closing up my sources and came across this: https://www.hantsfieldclub.org.uk/publications/hampshirestudies/digital/1885-99/Vol_1/Shore_pt4.pdf

It's really long and I don't have time to read it right now, but it seemed like there was a lot of useful information in there - different types of clays, uses for clays, etc.
 
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Last but not least...lumber.

I cheated on this one. I started to go through every royal forest and try to figure out their historic extent, then guess whether they would be good for lumber...

Terrible idea. Total rabbit hole. I got bogged down almost immediately.

I don't remember how this happened, but I eventually stumbled on one of Christopher Saxton's historic maps from the 16th century. On these maps, he tries to give some type of representation of regional geography and forest extent. When he wants to represent a forest, he draws a lot of tightly packed trees and he draws them over his impression of the extent of the forest.

Good enough for me! Here is an example (seriously, check these out - they are really cool! - they could also be useful for identify location names):

1724012488337.png

I went through all of the county maps twice to familiarize myself with his style, then gave estimates of potential lumber locations. I used a two-tiered system. White was no doubt about it. Grey was more borderline. Grey might mean there was a small forest or he drew a lot of trees, but I couldn't identify a forest (this happened a lot in Yorkshire - I think he kind of changed his style a bit, which made it hard to tell). I labelled forests where I could.

The hard part with figuring out lumber locations is that they often overlap wild game (to represent royal forests) or iron or coal or lead (or stone or clay) locations. The wild game, lumber, mining, and industrial areas are all largely in the same places. It is the one flaw with the one good per location thing. England kind of breaks the system.

Anyway, here is the map:

Possible lumber locations.png

Last point, according to the Royal Forestry Society, only 7% of England was woodland through most of the game period. This is way below Europe's amount (I can't find the source, but Europe was at least double). There was a reason that England was an early user of coal. My advice would be to err on the side of scarcity for lumber. An England player should feel a bit of a lumber pinch. I'd be aggressive in giving England/Wales iron, coal, lead, tin, maybe copper (copper was more of a late game thing), definitely stone, clay, but not lumber. My two cents.

Now that I am done with the deep dives, I have just one more thing to do. Compile it all into one final goods map! :)
 
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