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Tinto Maps #6 - 14th of June 2024 - Great Britain & Ireland

Hello everyone. @Pavía and the rest of the Content Design team are busy working on the feedback for the previous Tinto Maps, so I'm standing in for this week.

I'm @SaintDaveUK, some of you might have seen me here and there on the forums, but the long story short is that I work on a very secret game whose name I am contractually obligated to redact. That's right, it's ███████ ██████!

This week you get a double-whammy, mostly because it’s really hard to show Britain on its own on a screenshot. Partly to side-step the “British Isles” naming controversy, but mainly because the gameplay of them both is so different, this part of Europa is divided into 2 distinct regions: Great Britain and Ireland.

Climate​

The mild Oceanic climate (Köppen Cfb) dominates the isles. Where it cools towards the inland Pennines and the Scottish Highlands (Köppen Cfc), we represent it with the wintry and dreich Continental climate.

climate.jpg




Topography​

The isles are dominated by green and pleasant flatlands and low rolling hills, the peripheries punctuated by rocky mountains and craggy highlands.

We would like to add some more impassable locations in northern England and the Scottish borders to make manoeuvres a little more interesting and strategic, but would like suggestions from people more familiar with the Pennines.

[Edit: 16 June added the missing map]

topography.JPG


Vegetation​

The great moors, bogs, and fens are represented by Sparse vegetation, meanwhile much of the land is still wooded.

vegetation.jpg




Raw Materials​

The raw goods situation aims to reflect the economic reality of medieval Britain. Shepherding was common on every corner of the islands, a lot of the wool produced was sold to the industrial hub of the Low Countries to be manufactured into cloth, which was in turn sold back to British markets.

The further north-west we go, the less fertile the terrain, and as such the greater reliance on pastoral farming such as livestock over wheat. The western hills and valleys also expose a greater number of mineral delights, including the historic stannary mines of Devon and Cornwall.

raw_materials.jpg




Markets​

As you can see the two starting markets are London and Dublin. Aside from London we could have chosen almost any town, from Aberdeen to Bristol. We chose Dublin as it was the main trade centre in Ireland, and also because it handsomely splits the isles to the East and West of the Pennines, demonstrating the impact that terrain can have on dynamic Market attraction.

They are both shades of red because they are coloured after the market centre’s top overlord country – market control is a viable playstyle and we like to think of it as a form of map painting for countries not focused on traditional conquest routes.

market.jpg




Culture​

We have decided to go with a monolithic English culture. We could have forced the introduction of a second Northumbrian or even third Mercian culture, but typically they were not really considered separate peoples. The English, though diverse in origin and with a variety of dialects, had already begun to coalesce in the face of the Viking invasions hundreds of years before.

Scotland, conversely, is a real porridge of cultures. The Lowland Scots (who speak a dialect of Northumbrian English that later develops into the Scots language) dominate their kingdom from their wealthy burghs, and are gradually encroaching onto the pastoral lands of the Gaelic Highlanders. The Norse-Gaelic clansmen watch from the Western Isles, with some old settlements remaining around Galloway. The far north, ironically called Sutherland, retains some Norse presence.

Wales, conquered for around a century by this point, plays host to English burghers looking to make a few quid, as well as the descendants of Norman adventurer knights in the marcher lordships, but is still majority Welsh-speaking from Anglesey to Cardiff.

The Anglo-Irish (representing the spectrum from Cambro-Norman knights to the so-called ‘Old English’ settlers) live in great numbers in the south-eastern trading towns from Dublin to Cork, as well as in smaller numbers in frontier outposts.

The cosmopolitan towns across the isles are also home to people from elsewhere in Europe, most notably Flemish weavers from the Low Countries, though their numbers are too small to impact the mapmode.

The Norman ███████ dominates as the ██████████████ for both of the kingdoms and their subjects. The conquest of 1066 is no longer fresh, but the continuing bonds between the aristocratic classes of England, Scotland, and France have kept the French language alive and strong.

culture.jpg






Religion​

I decided that it's not even worth taking a screenshot of the Religion map mode. There are tiny minorities of Jewish people in some Scottish and Irish towns (they had been expelled from England), but they are so small in number they don't even register on the map mode

Other than that, it's all Catholic. But not for long.

> John Wycliffe has entered the chat.


Areas​

Based on the 4 provinces of Ireland (sorry Meath) and splitting England roughly into the larger Anglo-Saxon earldoms which have some similarity with the modern Regions (sorry Yorkshire).

areas.jpg





Provinces​

We have fixed the colours of the Provinces mapmode so you can see the individual provinces a bit more clearly. These are largely based on the historic counties, which have remained fairly constant throughout history, while merging some of those that are too small.

We’ve almost certainly offended someone.

The ancient Scottish shires are pretty messy and difficult to coalesce into neat provinces, so any suggestions for better arrangement there would be very welcome.

provinces.jpg




Locations​


You might notice that the locations in Ireland are varyingly written in both English and in Irish. This is because we have the new system up-and-running where we can name Locations by the primary culture of the country they are owned by.

This means that for example London might be called Londres if it was ruled by a Catalan country. It’s currently a WIP feature and we might add more elements, such as a game setting to base the name on dominant culture of the location instead, or to just use default (English) names.

locations.jpg




Government Types​

As with most of Europe, most of the countries are under some monarchy or another, but the Irish tuathas begin with the Tribe government type. This, among other mechanics such as [redacted] helps to give them a very unique playing style in Europe.

government.jpg


Countries​

England

England of course stands as the dominant kingdom in the isles. Despite having a lot of power resting on the barons, the country is fairly unitary even at this point, with very little practical separation between the crown’s power in somewhere like Kent versus Yorkshire. However there are notable exceptions.

The powerful Burgesses estate in the City of London enjoys ancient freedoms from royal power, while the king peers in from the Crown’s seat of power in neighbouring Westminster.

The County Palatine of Durham is not represented by a country, but buildings that give the Clergy Estate a huge amount of power in the locations it is present in. This also ties into political gameplay as a ██████████ ██████.

The newly created Duchy of Cornwall—the only duchy in England at the time—would also not be represented well by the Cornwall country, being a disparate set of manorial holdings that are ironically mostly in Devon. Cornwall of course exists as a releasable country though.

The Isle of Man is a little less certain. For now we have it as a subject of England. On paper it was a ‘kingdom’ awarded to William Montagu, the king’s favourite, however we aren’t sure if he actually wielded any real power on the isle. It changed hands between England and Scotland numerous times in this period, but in practice it appears to have been governed by a local council of barons. Any more details on exactly what was going on here in this period would be greatly appreciated.

These decisions have been made because as England heaves itself out of the feudal system, we thought it would be best if the small-fry inward-looking internal politicking is handled through the Estates and [redacted] systems, and then the diplomacy tracks are freed up for the English player to behave more outwardly against other major countries.

Wales

Though subjugated by conquest, Wales was not formally annexed into the Kingdom of England until the mid 1500s. As such the principality begins as a Dominion subject under England.

Those familiar with Welsh history will note that historically the Principality of Wales didn’t extend much beyond the old kingdom of Gywnedd. Much of the country to the southeast was in fact ruled by marcher lords, which we represent with a powerful Nobility estate in the valleys and beyond.

There is an alternative vision of Wales that I would like to gauge opinion on, and that is expanding it to include the Earldom of Chester and the marches on the English side of the modern border. If you are an Englishman familiar with modern borders this might look alarming, but these lands were also constitutionally ambiguous parts of the “Welsh Marches” until the 1500s. This will hand over to the Wales player the full responsibility of dealing with the marcher lords, allowing England to focus on bigger picture issues like beating France.

Ireland

Ireland is going through a moment of change. English royal power is centred on the Lordship of the Pale, the king’s Dominion ruling out of Dublin Castle. However, it struggles to keep a grasp on the rebellious Hiberno-Norman earls scattered around the island - some of whom remain as vassals, some of whom have managed to slip free of royal control.

The Tanistry system of succession endemic to the Gaelic Irish has its advantages, but it can also lead to chaotic feuds between rival branches. The so-called Burke Civil War has fractured the powerful Earldom of Ulster into rival Burke cousins who jealously feud over their shrinking lordships in Connaught. Native Irish princes of the north have reconquered most of their own lands from the de Burghs, but there are also two rival O’Neill cousins who style themselves King of Tyrone either side of the River Bann.

The feuding Irish lack a unifying figure, but anyone powerful enough could theoretically claim the title of High King. The former provincial kingdoms, such as Meath and Connacht, enjoy the elevated rank of Duchy, giving them a slight edge in the High Kingship selection.

Scotland

The chancer Edward Balliol continues his attempt for the Scottish throne, with England’s tacit permission. It’s hard to determine the exact lands held by Balliol in 1337, but we know his disinherited loyalists hold the castle of Perth while his English allies had seized large tracts of the lowlands from Bruce. Balliol has also bought the loyalty of the MacDonald and the other Hebridean galley lords by granting them remote land on the west coast of the mainland.

Meanwhile, Scotland’s canny regent Sir Andrew de Moray launches his decisive counterattack as his true king, David II de Bruce, waits in exile in France.

political.jpg


Dynasties​

We know about Plantagenet, Balliol, and Bruce, so I've zoomed in on Ireland to show the ruling dynasties of the various chieftains and earls.

dynasty.jpg


Population​

Excuse the seams and the greyscale mapmode. We have something better in the pipeline...

population_country.jpg
population_location.jpg




Well, thats it for now!

As always the team is eagerly awaiting your feedback and looking forward to the discussions. We’ll try to keep on top of the thread, but we have a teambuilding activity this afternoon so it might be a little more sporadic than usual!

Next week: Anatolia!
 
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Not sure they split Laois and Osraighe like you had asked, but it's looking dead one.

Wouldn't be keen on giving the entirety of Tipperary to the Earls of Ormond though. That would neglect the Uí Chinnéidigh lords of Ormond, as well as Uaithne (Owney) and the Uí Bhriain splitters in Ara. You can see the outline of those territories in a regular barony map:

View attachment 1264599
I felt uncomfortable giving the Earls all of Tipperary at the time and wanted to give Uí Chinnéidigh some representation but my research suggested they wouldn't have control of Nenagh until significantly later, and I was conscious I already added a lot of tags in central Ireland. My idea was that they could be modelled as a revolter tag as part of the Gaelic Resurgence?
 
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I felt uncomfortable giving the Earls all of Tipperary at the time and wanted to give Uí Chinnéidigh some representation but my research suggested they wouldn't have control of Nenagh until significantly later, and I was conscious I already added a lot of tags in central Ireland. My idea was that they could be modelled as a revolter tag as part of the Gaelic Resurgence?
They were certainly in control of both Upper and Lower Ormond by the time of the invasion, (indeed they gave it its name as previously it was held by the Múscraige Tíre). So they may not have been in entire possession with the advance of the Butlers, but I still think they warrant representation (if even has unsatisfied vassals of the Earls of Ormond).
 
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Not sure they split Laois and Osraighe like you had asked, but it's looking dead one.

Wouldn't be keen on giving the entirety of Tipperary to the Earls of Ormond though (and they of course need Kilkenny). That would neglect the Uí Chinnéidigh lords of Ormond, as well as Uaithne (Owney) and the Uí Bhriain splitters in Arra. You can see the outline of those territories in a regular barony map (Ormond Upper and Lower constituting the old Lordship of Ormonds, as opposed to the Earldom):

View attachment 1264599
I would like to see a rework of the provinces here too as Louth historically was part of Uladh up until the 1500s or so after changes made by the English administration.

Just as an example.
 
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Not sure they split Laois and Osraighe like you had asked, but it's looking dead one.

Wouldn't be keen on giving the entirety of Tipperary to the Earls of Ormond though (and they of course need Kilkenny). That would neglect the Uí Chinnéidigh lords of Ormond, as well as Uaithne (Owney) and the Uí Bhriain splitters in Arra. You can see the outline of those territories in a regular barony map (Ormond Upper and Lower constituting the old Lordship of Ormonds, as opposed to the Earldom):

View attachment 1264599
There's a few discrepancies apart from that - most of which were marginal calls I can't disagree with too strongly - Limerick wasn't fully under Ó Briain control until the 1360s, and Loughinisholin seems to have been a bit of a no man's land at the time, with the O'Neills of Tyrone losing their grip without the Clandeboye consolidating power. Also, they seem to have a new tag in County Armagh, which is a little odd - if it's meant to be the O'Neills of the Fews they're more than a century early.

They don't seem to have given the MacMurrough-Kavanaughs southern County Carlow, which is unfortunate given their historical base in Borris, and I think the O'Mores of Laois are a lot more notable than other tags that have been added - Rory O'More not having his own country makes me quite sad, and adding the location also allows the historical borders of Leinster to be replicated, which is just plain fun.

I'm still pretty ecstatic how much of my suggestions they have included though!
 
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There's a few discrepancies apart from that - most of which were marginal calls I can't disagree with too strongly - Limerick wasn't fully under Ó Briain control until the 1360s, and Loughinisholin seems to have been a bit of a no man's land at the time, with the O'Neills of Tyrone losing their grip without the Clandeboye consolidating power. Also, they seem to have a new tag in County Armagh, which is a little odd - if it's meant to be the O'Neills of the Fews they're more than a century early.

They don't seem to have given the MacMurrough-Kavanaughs southern County Carlow, which is unfortunate given their historical base in Borris, and I think the O'Mores of Laois are a lot more notable than other tags that have been added - Rory O'More not having his own country makes me quite sad, and adding the location also allows the historical borders of Leinster to be replicated, which is just plain fun.

I'm still pretty ecstatic how much of my suggestions they have included though!
You've put a lot of effort and research into it, so it's well deserved. I wonder if the new Tag in County Armagh is the Archbishop of Armagh Inter Hibernicos? Maybe leaving the Inter Anglicos lands of the church within the Pale.
 
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There's a few discrepancies apart from that - most of which were marginal calls I can't disagree with too strongly - Limerick wasn't fully under Ó Briain control until the 1360s, and Loughinisholin seems to have been a bit of a no man's land at the time, with the O'Neills of Tyrone losing their grip without the Clandeboye consolidating power. Also, they seem to have a new tag in County Armagh, which is a little odd - if it's meant to be the O'Neills of the Fews they're more than a century early.

They don't seem to have given the MacMurrough-Kavanaughs southern County Carlow, which is unfortunate given their historical base in Borris, and I think the O'Mores of Laois are a lot more notable than other tags that have been added - Rory O'More not having his own country makes me quite sad, and adding the location also allows the historical borders of Leinster to be replicated, which is just plain fun.

I'm still pretty ecstatic how much of my suggestions they have included though!
Having refreshed myself a little (it's been a few months since my original rework!) it's hard to justify more than two locations for a county as small as Armagh, as much as its division in the 1300s might warrant it. Assuming we keep the north-south division between the centres of Armagh and Newry, I'd give the northern one to the McCanns/ Mac Cana of Oneilland/Uí Nialláin, (the resemblance to "O'Neill Land here is purely coincidental!) potentially as vassals of Tyrone, and the southern to the O'Hanlons/Ó h-Anluain of Orior/Airthir, who I'd also give a core on Dundalk, to represent their control of the Cooley Peninsula. Both clans have extensive histories before and during the timeline of the game, and descend from Clan Colla, the long-ruling Kings of Airgíalla.

I would also suggest a building-based country to represent the Archbishopric of Armagh - this was the single most important religious institution in Ireland, and a significant rival to Dublin. As an institution they were much more powerful and influential than the local clans, which they acted essentially independent of. An important part of O'Neill predominance over the north of Ireland would be the illegal confiscation of significant territory from the Archbishopric in the 15th century, leading the way to the establishment of the future territory of the Fews by a branch of the Tyrone O'Neills, who'd side against their brothers in the rebellion of 1642 - an event releasing them as a vassal of Tyrone in the case they directly control County Armagh may be interesting.
 
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You've put a lot of effort and research into it, so it's well deserved. I wonder if the new Tag in County Armagh is the Archbishop of Armagh Inter Hibernicos? Maybe leaving the Inter Anglicos lands of the church within the Pale.
Ha, I was writing a comment about a potential Archbishopric of Armagh tag before I even read this!!
 
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1741962657927.png

Keenaght is definitely in I see, as are remnants of the Ulster Earldom. However, it seems to be linked to Tyrconnell rather than Tyrone which it was historically. Likewise, at this stage, Inishowen should probably be under the Meic Lochlainn branch of the Uí Néill of Aileach and therefore also a vassal (though not altogther a happy one) of Tyrone.


Edit: just tidied up the paragraph.
 
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Keenaght is definitely in I see, as ar remnants of the Ulster Earldom. However, it seems to be linked to Tyrconnell rather than Tyrone which it was historically. Likewise, at this stage, Tyrone should probably be under the Meic Lochlainn branch of the Uí Néill of Aileach and therefore also a vassal (though not altogther a comfortable one) of Tyrone.
Given that the tag in Inishowen is named Ardmire, I'd be almost certain it represents not the Mac Lochlainns but the O'Doherties, who would indeed be subject to the O'Donnells of Tyrconnell. However, they're misplaced - whilst Ardmire is no longer a settlement, the O'Doherty territory should be in the Laggan valley - if they're to be included I'd add a province corresponding to the Raphoe baronies - the green area at the centre of Donegal here. I would definitely keep Inishowen either independent or a Tyrone vassal under the Mac Lochlainns - it was the site of the Northern O'Neill capital of Ailech and its fall to Tyrconnell influence was a blow to Tyrone.

1741969790657.jpeg
 
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Given that the tag in Inishowen is named Ardmire, I'd be almost certain it represents not the Mac Lochlainns but the O'Doherties, who would indeed be subject to the O'Donnells of Tyrconnell. However, they're misplaced - whilst Ardmire is no longer a settlement, the O'Doherty territory should be in the Laggan valley - if they're to be included I'd add a province corresponding to the Raphoe baronies - the green area at the centre of Donegal here. I would definitely keep Inishowen either independent or a Tyrone vassal under the Mac Lochlainns - it was the site of the Northern O'Neill capital of Ailech and its fall to Tyrconnell influence was a blow to Tyrone.

View attachment 1265857
I meant to say Inishowen not Tyrone should be under the Meic Lochlainn. For anyone else reading the Ó Dochartaigh [Uí Dhochartaigh in plural] were a Cineál Conaill group [branch of O Domhnaill dynasty] who only conquered Inishowen/Ardmire after 1400 I believe.
 
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I meant to say Inishowen not Tyrone should be under the Meic Lochlainn. For anyone else reading the Ó Dochartaigh [Uí Dhochartaigh in plural] were a Cineál Conaill group [branch of O Domhnaill dynasty] who only conquered Inishowen/Ardmire after 1400 I believe.
Just a quick correction because I think it's the kind of thing that might confuse Paradox - Ardmire was the O'Doherty title before they took Inishowen, referring to a part of central Donegal in the Raphoe baronies.
 
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Just a quick correction because I think it's the kind of thing that might confuse Paradox - Ardmire was the O'Doherty title before they took Inishowen, referring to a part of central Donegal in the Raphoe baronies.
That makes sense. Some many other candidates for naming that region of modern Donegal.
 
1742055712428.png

One final and visually messy amendment to my Ireland suggestions, summarising what I've brought up in the last few comments as well as reorganising my previous suggestions for provinces and areas to align with how both the English and Irish would understand political geography in the 1300s.

My only change to my earlier suggestions for locations are along the north coast: I have added Raphoe/Ráth Bhoth as the correct location for the O'Doherty/Ó Dochartaigh clan of Ardmire, vassals of Tyrconnell - the Buncrana/Bun Cranncha location should still be owned by the Mac Lochlainn clan of Inishowen, subjects to Tyrone.

I've also changed the Derry province to Limavady/Léim an Mhadaidh - the historical seat of the O'Cahans of Keenaght, with a corresponding change in the eastern border. Derry was a minor monastic settlement at this time, and the foundation of Londonderry was a fascinating and significant enough historical event that I think it's worth its own event renaming the location.

As for the new provinces and locations, I'd direct you to the following maps, showing the Anglo-Norman and Irish understandings of Irish political geography in the 13th century up until the enormous shakeup of the status quo that occurred in the late 16th century:
1742056443943.gif
1742056465386.jpeg

I've not made any changes to the provinces or borders of Connacht, and my only change in Munster is to include the lords of Ely in the province of Ormond, as both the English and Irish would understand it as rightfully part of either the County of Ormond or subject to the Kingdom of Urmumhain respectively. I've made more significant changes to Ulster and Leinster (as well as carving off Meath).

Leinster:
I've redrawn Leinster/Laigin to comprise the provinces of Kildare/Uí Failghe, Kilkenny/Osraige, Dublin/Cuala, and Wexford/Uí Ceinnselai.
Kildare/Uí Failghe represents the legal boundaries of the County of Kildare, which included the traditional extents of the Irish kingdoms of Offaly and Laois. At this time the Earls of Kildare still had nominal if not de facto suzerainity over the Dempseys of Offaly and the O'Mores of Laois, the boundary of whose historical Gaelic kingdoms extended into most of contemporary County Kildare. The association of the Leinster kingdoms of "Offaly" and "Laois" with parts of historical Meath is an artifact of the 20th century renamings of King's and Queen's County, which were formed from the unrelated recently conquered parts of central Ireland to coordinate British settlement in the 1600s. Also, please include the O'Mores of Laois - and if you don't, give Dunamase to Offaly rather than Ossory.

Kilkenny/Osraige is very straightforward. These are the historical boundaries of both the Liberty of Kilkenny and Kingdom of Ossory, with the independent FitzPatricks of Upper Ossory claiming the same territory as the crown. Upper Ossory would only be separated from Kilkenny to organise settlement, hundreds of years later.

In Eastern Leinster, County Carlow is too small to be a valid province, and County Wicklow would only be separated from County Dublin in 1606 - again to control the long-independent O'Tooles and O'Byrnes more effectively. Wexford and Dublin were both important hubs of English power, and had by far the strongest concentration of English-speakers on the island. The boundaries between County Wexford/Carlow and County Dublin also coincides neatly on the Irish side with the regions dominated by the MacMurrough-Kavanaughs of Leinster, from the Uí Ceinnselai branch of the Laigin, and the closely-related O'Tooles and O'Byrnes. Cualu was the historic Irish name for the territory between the Liffey and Arklow, and is probably a better name for the tag than "Imaal", as I suggested earlier.

Ulster:
1742058696435.png

A map of the traditional divisions of Gaelic Ulster prior to the formation of the Earldom of Ulster
Ulster/Ulaid now comprises Tyrconnell/Tír Chonaill, Tyrone/Tír Eoghain, Antrim/Clann Aodha Buí, Monaghan/Ui Chremthainn, Uriel/Airgíalla and Down/Uíbh Eachach.
Tyrconnell and Tyrone should be self-explanatory - these are the areas dominated by the two main groupings of the Northern O'Neills and their respective subjects, the division of which had been roughly stable for hundreds of years, and would form the basis for future English shires (with the formation of County Londonderry occurring later).

Antrim/Clann Aodha Buí and Down/Uí Eachach are identical to my previous suggestion and the modern shires, but I'd suggest the Gaelic names should represent the dominant Irish clans in the region rather than the towns around which the counties were formed.

What is now County Louth was referred to as the County of Uriel by the English at the time, and theoretically would cover the entirety of Airgialla if the English managed to conquer it - it was considered part of Ulster by both the English and Irish. As the whole Kingdom of Airgialla (comprising the modern counties of Louth, Armagh, Monaghan, and often Fermanagh) would be much larger than the surrounding provinces, I split it into the main two historical dynastic lines. Again, county Cavan should be part of Connacht here.

Also, to amend my original Ulster suggestion: modern County Armagh should be split between the McCann/Mac Cana of Oneilland/Uí Nialláin in the northwest and the O'Hanlon/Ó hAnluain of Orior/Airthir in the southeast, with the O'Neills of Tyrone only integrating this region in the 15th and 16th century.



Finally we get to Meath/Mí. I'd suggest it's worth representing as an area, but if not including the two provinces of Meath/Mí and Westmeath/Angaile in Leinster should work too.

I previously suggested a "Pale" province but this would both be anachronistic in the 14th and 15th centuries, and not actually represent the legal administration by the English at any point, except as a rough limit on what they could de facto control. For the same reason, I'd rename the Pale tag to the Lordship of Ireland. Whilst the Meath/Westmeath division is technically anachronistic, the large County of Meath was often subdivided (e.g. into the Liberties of Meath and Trim), and taking the 16th century boundary is as good as any, and keeps both evenly-sized. If you don't want an area and a province with the same name, I'd change the Irish name of the area to the Old Irish Mide, and the English name of the province to East Meath.
 
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View attachment 1266478
One final and visually messy amendment to my Ireland suggestions, summarising what I've brought up in the last few comments as well as reorganising my previous suggestions for provinces and areas to align with how both the English and Irish would understand political geography in the 1300s.

My only change to my earlier suggestions for locations are along the north coast: I have added Raphoe/Ráth Bhoth as the correct location for the O'Doherty/Ó Dochartaigh clan of Ardmire, vassals of Tyrconnell - the Buncrana/Bun Cranncha location should still be owned by the Mac Lochlainn clan of Inishowen, subjects to Tyrone.

I've also changed the Derry province to Limavady/Léim an Mhadaidh - the historical seat of the O'Cahans of Keenaght, with a corresponding change in the eastern border. Derry was a minor monastic settlement at this time, and the foundation of Londonderry was a fascinating and significant enough historical event that I think it's worth its own event renaming the location.

As for the new provinces and locations, I'd direct you to the following maps, showing the Anglo-Norman and Irish understandings of Irish political geography in the 13th century up until the enormous shakeup of the status quo that occurred in the late 16th century:
View attachment 1266482View attachment 1266483
I've not made any changes to the provinces or borders of Connacht, and my only change in Munster is to include the lords of Ely in the province of Ormond, as both the English and Irish would understand it as rightfully part of either the County of Ormond or subject to the Kingdom of Urmumhain respectively. I've made more significant changes to Ulster and Leinster (as well as carving off Meath).

Leinster:
I've redrawn Leinster/Laigin to comprise the provinces of Kildare/Uí Failghe, Kilkenny/Osraige, Dublin/Cuala, and Wexford/Uí Ceinnselai.
Kildare/Uí Failghe represents the legal boundaries of the County of Kildare, which included the traditional extents of the Irish kingdoms of Offaly and Laois. At this time the Earls of Kildare still had nominal if not de facto suzerainity over the Dempseys of Offaly and the O'Mores of Laois, the boundary of whose historical Gaelic kingdoms extended into most of contemporary County Kildare. The association of the Leinster kingdoms of "Offaly" and "Laois" with parts of historical Meath is an artifact of the 20th century renamings of King's and Queen's County, which were formed from the unrelated recently conquered parts of central Ireland to coordinate British settlement in the 1600s. Also, please include the O'Mores of Laois - and if you don't, give Dunamase to Offaly rather than Ossory.

Kilkenny/Osraige is very straightforward. These are the historical boundaries of both the Liberty of Kilkenny and Kingdom of Ossory, with the independent FitzPatricks of Upper Ossory claiming the same territory as the crown. Upper Ossory would only be separated from Kilkenny to organise settlement, hundreds of years later.

In Eastern Leinster, County Carlow is too small to be a valid province, and County Wicklow would only be separated from County Dublin in 1606 - again to control the long-independent O'Tooles and O'Byrnes more effectively. Wexford and Dublin were both important hubs of English power, and had by far the strongest concentration of English-speakers on the island. The boundaries between County Wexford/Carlow and County Dublin also coincides neatly on the Irish side with the regions dominated by the MacMurrough-Kavanaughs of Leinster, from the Uí Ceinnselai branch of the Laigin, and the closely-related O'Tooles and O'Byrnes. Cualu was the historic Irish name for the territory between the Liffey and Arklow, and is probably a better name for the tag than "Imaal", as I suggested earlier.

Ulster:
View attachment 1266538

A map of the traditional divisions of Gaelic Ulster prior to the formation of the Earldom of Ulster
Ulster/Ulaid now comprises Tyrconnell/Tír Chonaill, Tyrone/Tír Eoghain, Antrim/Clann Aodha Buí, Monaghan/Ui Chremthainn, Uriel/Airgíalla and Down/Uíbh Eachach.
Tyrconnell and Tyrone should be self-explanatory - these are the areas dominated by the two main groupings of the Northern O'Neills and their respective subjects, the division of which had been roughly stable for hundreds of years, and would form the basis for future English shires (with the formation of County Londonderry occurring later).

Antrim/Clann Aodha Buí and Down/Uí Eachach are identical to my previous suggestion and the modern shires, but I'd suggest the Gaelic names should represent the dominant Irish clans in the region rather than the towns around which the counties were formed.

What is now County Louth was referred to as the County of Uriel by the English at the time, and theoretically would cover the entirety of Airgialla if the English managed to conquer it - it was considered part of Ulster by both the English and Irish. As the whole Kingdom of Airgialla (comprising the modern counties of Louth, Armagh, Monaghan, and often Fermanagh) would be much larger than the surrounding provinces, I split it into the main two historical dynastic lines. Again, county Cavan should be part of Connacht here.

Also, to amend my original Ulster suggestion: modern County Armagh should be split between the McCann/Mac Cana of Oneilland/Uí Nialláin in the northwest and the O'Hanlon/Ó hAnluain of Orior/Airthir in the southeast, with the O'Neills of Tyrone only integrating this region in the 15th and 16th century.



Finally we get to Meath/Mí. I'd suggest it's worth representing as an area, but if not including the two provinces of Meath/Mí and Westmeath/Angaile in Leinster should work too.

I previously suggested a "Pale" province but this would both be anachronistic in the 14th and 15th centuries, and not actually represent the legal administration by the English at any point, except as a rough limit on what they could de facto control. For the same reason, I'd rename the Pale tag to the Lordship of Ireland. Whilst the Meath/Westmeath division is technically anachronistic, the large County of Meath was often subdivided (e.g. into the Liberties of Meath and Trim), and taking the 16th century boundary is as good as any, and keeps both evenly-sized. If you don't want an area and a province with the same name, I'd change the Irish name of the area to the Old Irish Mide, and the English name of the province to East Meath.
Nice work.
 
View attachment 1266478
One final and visually messy amendment to my Ireland suggestions, summarising what I've brought up in the last few comments as well as reorganising my previous suggestions for provinces and areas to align with how both the English and Irish would understand political geography in the 1300s.

My only change to my earlier suggestions for locations are along the north coast: I have added Raphoe/Ráth Bhoth as the correct location for the O'Doherty/Ó Dochartaigh clan of Ardmire, vassals of Tyrconnell - the Buncrana/Bun Cranncha location should still be owned by the Mac Lochlainn clan of Inishowen, subjects to Tyrone.

I've also changed the Derry province to Limavady/Léim an Mhadaidh - the historical seat of the O'Cahans of Keenaght, with a corresponding change in the eastern border. Derry was a minor monastic settlement at this time, and the foundation of Londonderry was a fascinating and significant enough historical event that I think it's worth its own event renaming the location.

As for the new provinces and locations, I'd direct you to the following maps, showing the Anglo-Norman and Irish understandings of Irish political geography in the 13th century up until the enormous shakeup of the status quo that occurred in the late 16th century:
View attachment 1266482View attachment 1266483
I've not made any changes to the provinces or borders of Connacht, and my only change in Munster is to include the lords of Ely in the province of Ormond, as both the English and Irish would understand it as rightfully part of either the County of Ormond or subject to the Kingdom of Urmumhain respectively. I've made more significant changes to Ulster and Leinster (as well as carving off Meath).

Leinster:
I've redrawn Leinster/Laigin to comprise the provinces of Kildare/Uí Failghe, Kilkenny/Osraige, Dublin/Cuala, and Wexford/Uí Ceinnselai.
Kildare/Uí Failghe represents the legal boundaries of the County of Kildare, which included the traditional extents of the Irish kingdoms of Offaly and Laois. At this time the Earls of Kildare still had nominal if not de facto suzerainity over the Dempseys of Offaly and the O'Mores of Laois, the boundary of whose historical Gaelic kingdoms extended into most of contemporary County Kildare. The association of the Leinster kingdoms of "Offaly" and "Laois" with parts of historical Meath is an artifact of the 20th century renamings of King's and Queen's County, which were formed from the unrelated recently conquered parts of central Ireland to coordinate British settlement in the 1600s. Also, please include the O'Mores of Laois - and if you don't, give Dunamase to Offaly rather than Ossory.

Kilkenny/Osraige is very straightforward. These are the historical boundaries of both the Liberty of Kilkenny and Kingdom of Ossory, with the independent FitzPatricks of Upper Ossory claiming the same territory as the crown. Upper Ossory would only be separated from Kilkenny to organise settlement, hundreds of years later.

In Eastern Leinster, County Carlow is too small to be a valid province, and County Wicklow would only be separated from County Dublin in 1606 - again to control the long-independent O'Tooles and O'Byrnes more effectively. Wexford and Dublin were both important hubs of English power, and had by far the strongest concentration of English-speakers on the island. The boundaries between County Wexford/Carlow and County Dublin also coincides neatly on the Irish side with the regions dominated by the MacMurrough-Kavanaughs of Leinster, from the Uí Ceinnselai branch of the Laigin, and the closely-related O'Tooles and O'Byrnes. Cualu was the historic Irish name for the territory between the Liffey and Arklow, and is probably a better name for the tag than "Imaal", as I suggested earlier.

Ulster:
View attachment 1266538

A map of the traditional divisions of Gaelic Ulster prior to the formation of the Earldom of Ulster
Ulster/Ulaid now comprises Tyrconnell/Tír Chonaill, Tyrone/Tír Eoghain, Antrim/Clann Aodha Buí, Monaghan/Ui Chremthainn, Uriel/Airgíalla and Down/Uíbh Eachach.
Tyrconnell and Tyrone should be self-explanatory - these are the areas dominated by the two main groupings of the Northern O'Neills and their respective subjects, the division of which had been roughly stable for hundreds of years, and would form the basis for future English shires (with the formation of County Londonderry occurring later).

Antrim/Clann Aodha Buí and Down/Uí Eachach are identical to my previous suggestion and the modern shires, but I'd suggest the Gaelic names should represent the dominant Irish clans in the region rather than the towns around which the counties were formed.

What is now County Louth was referred to as the County of Uriel by the English at the time, and theoretically would cover the entirety of Airgialla if the English managed to conquer it - it was considered part of Ulster by both the English and Irish. As the whole Kingdom of Airgialla (comprising the modern counties of Louth, Armagh, Monaghan, and often Fermanagh) would be much larger than the surrounding provinces, I split it into the main two historical dynastic lines. Again, county Cavan should be part of Connacht here.

Also, to amend my original Ulster suggestion: modern County Armagh should be split between the McCann/Mac Cana of Oneilland/Uí Nialláin in the northwest and the O'Hanlon/Ó hAnluain of Orior/Airthir in the southeast, with the O'Neills of Tyrone only integrating this region in the 15th and 16th century.



Finally we get to Meath/Mí. I'd suggest it's worth representing as an area, but if not including the two provinces of Meath/Mí and Westmeath/Angaile in Leinster should work too.

I previously suggested a "Pale" province but this would both be anachronistic in the 14th and 15th centuries, and not actually represent the legal administration by the English at any point, except as a rough limit on what they could de facto control. For the same reason, I'd rename the Pale tag to the Lordship of Ireland. Whilst the Meath/Westmeath division is technically anachronistic, the large County of Meath was often subdivided (e.g. into the Liberties of Meath and Trim), and taking the 16th century boundary is as good as any, and keeps both evenly-sized. If you don't want an area and a province with the same name, I'd change the Irish name of the area to the Old Irish Mide, and the English name of the province to East Meath.
As I'm now content with my proposed geographical setup, I'd like to address the diplomatic setup, starting with the Anglo-Norman dominated half of the country.

To manage the complex dynamics at play here, I'd suggest the creation of a Lordship of Ireland International Organisation, comprising England, the Lordship of Ireland/Pale tag, and the various Anglo-Irish earldoms and lordships.

The Lordship of Ireland is the most powerful entity on the island, though as a state ruled by foreign Anglo-Normans its reach is limited and stubbornly resisted. Whilst the Lord of Ireland is one of the King of England's many titles, he typically had little interest in governing the territory, appointing a Chief Justiciar of Ireland to govern in his stead. This was often the ruler of one of the Anglo-Irish earldoms loyal to the crown, particularly the Fitzgerald Earls of Kildare, but it equally was often also given to English noblemen or bishops with little connection to Ireland. I'd suggest an IO mechanic in which England may appoint an Englishman as Chief Justiciar of Ireland, displeasing but weakening the Anglo-Irish Earls and increasing unrest in the Lordship, or may choose as Justiciar one of the Anglo-Irish Earls, giving them control of the Lordship's monies and armies. Having a local in charge may reduce unrest and help maintain control in the Lordship but also significantly strengthen the Earl in question, leading to a potential Silken Thomas-style rebellion.

In 1337, the main Anglo-Irish earldoms loyal to the Lordship of Ireland would be the FitzGerald Earldom of Desmond and Earldom of Kildare, as well as the Butler Earldom of Ormonde. Lesser vassals include the le Poer Barony of Decies. Through the Lordship of Ireland IO, these earldoms would be able to claim Gaelic-owned territories as theirs de jure (Desmond with the Kingdom of Munster to the south, and Kildare with Offaly and Laois are good examples here), request to take land governed directly by the lordship in exchange for fortifying and defending it (as the Earls of Ormonde would shortly do with County Kilkenny), and request appointment as Chief Justiciar. The IO could also allow for confiscation of land from Earldoms back to the Lordship, as had happened in 1330 to the Mortimer Lords of Meath. I'd also suggest a mechanic to track the Anglicisation or Gaelicisation of the various earls, with fully Gaelicised earls automatically leaving the IO to join a Gaelic High Kingdom of Ireland IO, which I'll detail in my next post.

Next I'll come to a disaster/situation that will be ongoing for the Lordship of Ireland IO, the Burke Civil War.

Until recently, the most powerful Anglo-Irish lords were the de Burghs, Earls of Ulster and Lords of Connacht, as well holding estates at Castleconnell in County Limerick and Tipperary. However, in 1331 William de Burgh, Earl of Ulster and Lord of Connacht, as well as former Lieutenant of Ireland, was murdered by his knights. This began a three-way civil war between the Clanwilliam Burkes of Castleconnell, the Clanricade Burkes of Galway, and the Mac William Íochtar Burkes of Mayo, with the 11-month old legal Countess of Ulster being sequestered to England and her Earldom of Ulster collapsing to an invasion by the Clandeboye. This war would still be active in 1337, devastating Connacht. The Burkes of Galway and Mayo would never return to English suzerainty and acted essentially as Gaelic lords, adopting Irish-style tanistry, the Irish language, and practising Brehon law. The Clanwilliam Burkes would be greatly reduced in power after the murder of their leader by the Mayo Burkes in 1338. The English would keep outposts in old Earldom of Ulster strongholds at Carrickfergus and Downpatrick, but the Glens (held by the Scots Bissett family) and the Route (at this time held by the Anglo-Norman de Mandevilles) of north Antrim would be lost, their ruling families also Gaelicising. There's a number of ways this could be represented, but this was an indescribable disaster for English control in Ireland, with the Lordship's power not reaching pre-Burke Civil War heights until the 16th century.

I'll talk about my ideas for the Gaelic half of Ireland nexty post!
 
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Not sure they split Laois and Osraighe like you had asked, but it's looking dead on.

Wouldn't be keen on giving the entirety of Tipperary to the Earls of Ormond though (and they of course need Kilkenny). That would neglect the Uí Chinnéidigh lords of Ormond, as well as Uaithne (Owney) and the Uí Bhriain splitters in Arra. You can see the outline of those territories in a regular barony map (Ormond Upper and Lower constituting the old Lordship of Ormonds, as opposed to the Earldom):

View attachment 1264599
I've done more research on the status of Tipperary in response to this, and think I've come up with a better setup as a result. I'll also share one or two more tweaks I'd suggest to the rest of the island.

Theses sections from a history of the O'Kennedys are particularly helpful:

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My takeaway is that the Kingdom of Ormond/Urmumhanin, governed by the O'Kennedy/Ó Cinnéide dynasty should start as vassals of the Butler Earldom of Ormond, alongside the previously mentioned O'Carroll Kingdom of Ely, as well as potentially the McGillapatricks of Ossory. This is complicated by the fact that the Butler Earldom's capital was Nenagh, at the centre of the O'Kennedy lands, as depicted in this map of County Tipperary at the time of Tudor-era settlement:
1742598795263.png


For ease of reading, I've added the Butler lands in purple, O'Kennedy lands in grey, and O'Carroll lands in dark gold, as well as the holdings of the Clanwilliam Burkes in red, with other Irish domains in the county in green and the county boundaries from the 16th century until present in yellow.

I've landed on the following province setup:

1742600082212.png


I've reduced Nenagh to the lowlands by the Shannon river, representing Lower Ormond and Arra, to make space for a new Silvermines/Béal Átha Gabhann province representing the Silvermine Mountains - the richest area for mining in Early Modern Ireland, which was already being exploited by Genoese miners by this time. I've sadly had to remove Carrick to make space for Cashel, which shifts east to compensate.

1742600613724.png

Politically, I've landed on this setup. The Earldom of Ormond's capital of Nenagh is detached from its rich, urbanised lowland lands by its rebellious and disloyal Gaelic vassals in the uplands, the Kingdoms of Ormond and Ely, who should also have cores on Nenagh and Roscrea respectively. As the Butlers of Ormond, you'd be faced with choosing either to struggle to defend your rightful lands in northern Tipperary, or pivot to purchase the richer, less-threatened lands in County Kilkenny, as they did historically. Additionally, I've given Tipperary to the Clanwilliam Burkes, as they seemed to have held the barony surrounding it until the 16th century.

Honestly, apart from the Nenagh problem, the reason I've held off on the O'Kennedys is that the names pose a real issue here! One option is to have all the Gaelic kingdoms take Irish names, distinguishing them as the Earldom of Ormond and Urmumhain. Alternatively, you could have the Butler Earldom referred to as Tipperary after the county, despite not holding the town itself.

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As for my other changes: I've expanded the Dunamase location to allow for a bigger Leix. This was the most powerful of the midlands lordships, and the only one to have successfully shaken off Anglo-Norman overlordship at this time.

I've also reworked County Donegal slightly. The O'Doherties of Ardmire were very minor before entering Inishowen, The Mac Sweeney/Mac Suibhne lords of Fanad/Fánaid being both significantly more powerful and interesting. As a powerful clan of Gallowglass mercenaries, they were instrumental to their overlords O'Donnells of Tyrconnell managing to militarily hold off their stronger rivals in Tyrone and even expand, as well as providing invaluable diplomatic channels to form alliances with Scottish nobility. They should be one of few tags with Norse-Gael primary culture, and could potentially even be represented as an army-based country.

Finally, I think the MacCarthy Reagh/Mac Cartháig Riabhach lordship of Carbery/Cairbrigh deserves representation. Despite sharing a dynasty with the Kings of Desmond, they had been independent since the 13th century, and were as often a thorn in their side as they were allies. They also produced a great number of pirates, menacing traders sailing to Cork and Waterford. The other MacCarthy septs of Muskerry, Duhallow, and Coshmaing had either not split off yet or were still fairly loyal.

After this I'll put together a piece on the mechanics I think would help best represent Gaelic Ireland's politics, featuring some ideas for an Ard-Ríocht na hÉireann IO!
 

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If this is meant to be something like úr -> new or fresh whatever you look to be missing the fada here. For the Gaeilge
It's a variant of 'Oir', meaning east.

Desmond = Deasmhumhain (South Munster)
Thomond = Tuadhmhumhain (North Munster)
Ormond = Urmhumhain (East Munster)

There's also record of a West Munster, but it seems to drop out of history in the 9th century.
 
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It's a variant of 'Oir', meaning east.

Desmond = Deasmhumhain (South Munster)
Thomond = Tuadhmhumhain (North Munster)
Ormond = Urmhumhain (East Munster)

There's also record of a West Munster, but it seems to drop out of history in the 9th century.
Yeah its an interesting anglisation and could even be im not that knowledgeable in sean Ghaeilge as that would be the appropriate anglisation! Thanks! Why have it as Urmhumhain when Oirmhuhain conveys this?