There's for instance Luxury Furniture, which is a luxury variant of Furniture (shocker!) and which Pops of a certain wealth level will start shifting to buying from regular Furniture, eventually (at a high enough Wealth level) eschewing regular old Furniture altogether.
The coins tell you how expensive the good is in relation to base price in the particular context (market, state region etc). This way you can for instance see quickly at a glance that your steel factory is having trouble because the Steel it's producing has a very low price.
Around 50 at the moment, though this may not be final.
There are a number of ways you can interact with goods (more on that later) but at the moment we don't have an ability to direct subsidize one particular good. There are other ways to lower the price of a good though, such as subsidizing buildings producing it or importing it in greater quantities.
Something that our UX designers have put a lot of time into is showing contextual information, in this case by allowing you to see heatmaps of production, consumption and potential production while viewing a particular good (which is extremely useful as it tells you things like where you can get coal).
To give an example, we have a variety of different farms (rice, grain, millet etc) which all produce the 'grain' good (but might vary in efficiency and have different secondary production methods, more on this next week). It wouldn't be hard at all for a modder to actually break these up into different goods which can all be used to fulfill pop food needs according to what's locally available in a market.
At the moment, Services is a single good that is non-tradable (meaning it can only be bought and sold locally) but it would be easy to split it up into different kinds of intangible goods if we wanted to.
You can do this by importing cheap foreign grain or subsidizing your agriculture, we did discuss having a direct way to subsidize goods but we felt the mechanics we have did the same thing in more interesting ways.
The Bronze/Silver/Gold is essentially that but with an icon slapped on top of it. Should be trivial to replace with text in a mod
Strongly doubt there is a technical limit or atleast not one so close to the base game number.
There are no such limits in Victoria 3. A state can contain potentials for every single building in the game if you were inclined to create such a super-state. There is no such state in the game, but it would be technically possible under the systems we have.
The farms do differ in their potential production, it's just that they all produce some grain as their main good.
At the current version of the game the economy isn't fully initialized with all values until a few weeks in (very much like in Victoria 2), though this is something we're working on and absolutely plan to have fixed for the eventual release version. It has to do with how many circular and interconnected effects there are in the game (for example, a drop in grain price due can lead to pops increasing their wealth level, which results in them buying more grain, which raises the price of grain again) which all needs to be properly accounted for during game initialization.
They produce a small surplus which is sold in the market, but most of their labor is simply self-sustaining.
There's no hard limit on input/output num goods so yes it can produce more than one
The Wealth of a Pop changes along with their ability to consume. That is, if their total income exceeds their total expenses, the magnitude of the difference determines the growth in Wealth and vice versa. So Pops that are paid a higher wage, or whose basket of goods is relatively cheap, increase their demand for quantity and variety of goods over time. This relates to Profession only insofar that higher-tier Professions tend to get paid more, but a Machinist in a profitable industry might well develop higher Wealth than an Engineer in a failing one.
Taboos, yes. These work like Obsessions but in reverse - it doesn't eliminate the consumption of certain goods but it minimizes it.
Havn't looked at the details but I'm 99.9% sure resource potentials is scripted per state-region
