The Congressional election of 1848
February 1848
This post is the 1st part of II) Political turmoils of 1848
So kid, now I shall tell you about this very particular and complicated year of 1848.
In July 1847, King Louis-Philippe set a Universal suffrage, like in the United States, to elect the Parliament. He was aware that he could not directly promote a new Republic. There were too many forces who wanted a king. And he was the legitimate one.
Louis-Philippe found a trick.
He announced taht he would step down as King of France
This announcement had been desatrous for Republicans, who hoped to win the parliament in the coming elections of early 1848. You see, they wanted to win on a clear program on which they knew they could win some non-liberal Monarchists. With this promisse from the King, they knew they would lose automatically all those Conservative votes. And then, victory in the parliamentary elections would be lost entirely. It is porbable this would have happen. This was a huge mistake from the king, who didn't get that before his announcement.
Republicans had to do something. How to beat the Orleanists with the assurance for them to have every "monarchists" votes ? Impossible.
One thing came in mind of the Republicans. One important part of the Monarchist vote would come from the Bonapartists, people who wanted a return to the Empire. They desagreed totally on what France should be : A Republic or an Empire. But they agreed on the most important issue of this current election : more state intervention in the economy. And Bonapartists knew their only chance to gain some power in this election was with this alliance.
Republicans were a lot more organized than Bonapartists. So Republicans had a lot more candidates to present. A deal was made between the leaders of the two parties : Republicans candidates would be the heart of the coalition, with 68% of their candidates. And Bonapartists would have the choice of the candidate that will lead the coalition and who would be designated head of the Parliament.
So the Bonapartists choose someone out of the French political arena, and even outside of France since Louis-Philippe wanted him in a trial before a French court since his attempt to take the power : Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte, Napoleon Ist's nefew.
With the common strength and popularity of Republicans and Bonapartists, the Party of Republicans began its electoral campaign against hopeless Orleanists. For the first time, with this first election, Monarchists were divided between the party of Republicans and the Orleanists, for the very election that hold the possibility of the end of Monarchy in France !
The coalition now led three movements :
- Bonapartists : Interventionism ; Protectionism ; Moralism ; Lim. Citizenship ; Pro Military ; pro-Empire system
- Conservative Republicans : Interventionism ; Protectionism ; Moralism ; Full Citizenship ; Anti-Military; pro-Republic system
- Liberal Republicans : Laissez-faire; Protectionism; Secularized ; Full Citizenship ; Anti-Military; pro-Republic system
They created a mix of all thoses position to create this plate-form :
Interventionism; Protectionism; Secularized ; Full Citizenship ; Anti-Military ; no position on the system
Arrived February 1848, and the first free Congress election for years in France. Orleanists shout "Treason !" for the entire campaign against Bonapartists. And the electoral day arrived. French citizen went to the polls.

The Republican coalition crushed Orleanists.
As he promised, King Louis-Philippe organized his departure. His last action was to organize Presidential elections for November 1848, and he asked the newly elected Congress to nominate a temporary President, non-eligible in november.
Then, Louis-Philippe officialy ended Monarchy, under manifestations of hate and accusations of treason from those who always supported him : the Orleanists.