[Forum Game] - Twilight Struggle

[Bonecracker(NL)]

Article I

CORPORATE FRAMEWORK​

1.1 The Imperial State of Iran is to retain fifty-one percent (51%) equity in the National Iranian Oil Company (N.I.O.C) and is to divest forty-nine percent (49%) to a consortium of foreign petroleum corporations;

1.2 The composition of the International Consortium is to be as follows:

British Petroleum Company Ltd. (B.P.)	40%
Shell Petroleum N.V.	14%
Gulf Oil Corporation	7%
Mobil Oil Corporation	7%
Standard Oil Company of California	7%
Exxon Corporation	7%
Texaco Incorporated	7%
Compagnie Française des Pétroles	6%
Iricon Group of Companies‡	3%

[/TD]

‡ Iricon Group of Companies consists of: American Independent Oil Company, Atlantic Richfield Company, Getty Oil Company, Signal Oil and Gas Company, Standard Oil Company (Ohio), Continental Oil Company​

​

1.3 A holding company, named Iranian Oil Participants Ltd. (I.R.O.P) is to be formed and registered in London, composed of shares held by the Iranian State (51%) and the International Consortium (49%).

Article II
OPERATIONAL STRUCTURE​

2.1 Two operating companies, the Iranian Oil Exploration and Producing Co. and the Iranian Oil Refining Co., and to be formed and registered in Amsterdam and owned by the Imperial State of Iran;

2.2 Another corporation, the Iranian Oil Services Ltd., is to be established, for the purpose of providing the above-mentioned operating companies with supplies, engineering services and non-Iranian personnel, and registered in London;

2.3 I.R.O.P shall be granted under license, subject to annual renewal, free lease with the sole right to operate oil concessions and facilities held by the N.I.O.C;

2.4 In the use of the said oil concessions and facilities, I.R.O.P is to exclusively contract the services of the Iranian Oil Exploration and Producing Co. and the Iranian Oil Refining Co.;

2.5 The Iranian Oil Exploration and Producing Co. and the Iranian Oil Refining Co. may, at the behest of the Imperial State of Iran, contract the services of Iranian Oil Services Ltd..

Article III
NON-BASIC OPERATIONS​

3.1 The cost of non-basic functions such as industrial training, public transport and road maintenance, hosing, medical care and social welfare, shall be borne by the Imperial State of Iran.

Article IV
PRODUCTION TARGETS​

4.1 I.R.O.P agrees to produce crude oil according to minimums listed in Schedule A

Schedule A

1955	17.5 million cubic metres
1956	27.5 million cubic metres
1957	35.0 million cubic metres

4.2 Thereafter it is agreed to adjust the quantity of crude oil so attained in such manner as would reflect the trend of supply and demand for Middle East crude oil.

Article V
INTERNATIONAL SALE OF IRANIAN OIL​

5.1 Members of the International Consortium shall be granted exclusive rights to the international sale of the petroleum products of the I.R.O.P.

Article VI
PROFIT SHARING, ROYALTIES, SERVICE FEES & TAXATION​

6.1 The I.R.O.P shall share its profits on a 50-50 basis between the Imperial State of Iran and the International Consortium, with the latter receiving their share of the profits pursuant to percentage allocations specified in Clause 1.2.;

Article VII
ADDITIONAL PROVISIONS​

7.1 All payments to the Imperial State of Iran, and to the operating companies previously identified in relation to profit sharing, are to be made in Pound Sterling (£GBP), subject to the free convertibility to U.S. dollars ($USD)

7.2 I.R.O.P shall provide to the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland up to two million two hundred thousand (2,200,000) British gallons of petroleum per annum at a discounted rate of twenty-five percent (25%) below market value, pursuant to the understanding between the Imperial State of Iran and the British Admiralty prior to the 1951 nationalisation of the A.I.O.C;

7.3 B.P is to receive from the Imperial State of Iran compensation of £25 million interest-free payable in ten equal annual instalments, beginning January 01 1957.

7.4 B.P is to receive a quit claim payment from members of the International Consortium:

(a) £32.4 million paid over approximately twelve months in three equal installments, commencing January 1 1955;
(b)five shillings per ton of crude oil and products exported from Persia by Consortium members other than B.P, until a sum of £40 million has been paid.​

---

[x] UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
[ ] UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND
[ ] IMPERIAL STATE OF IRAN

 

[m.equitum]

Spoiler

Article I

CORPORATE FRAMEWORK


1.1 The Imperial State of Iran is to retain fifty-one percent (51%) equity in the National Iranian Oil Company (N.I.O.C) and is to divest forty-nine percent (49%) to a consortium of foreign petroleum corporations;

1.2 The composition of the International Consortium is to be as follows:


British Petroleum Company Ltd. (B.P.)

40%



Shell Petroleum N.V.

14%



Gulf Oil Corporation

7%



Mobil Oil Corporation

7%



Standard Oil Company of California

7%



Exxon Corporation

7%



Texaco Incorporated

7%



Compagnie Française des Pétroles

6%



Iricon Group of Companies‡

3%




‡ Iricon Group of Companies consists of: American Independent Oil Company, Atlantic Richfield Company, Getty Oil Company, Signal Oil and Gas Company, Standard Oil Company (Ohio), Continental Oil Company

1.3 A holding company, named Iranian Oil Participants Ltd. (I.R.O.P) is to be formed and registered in London, composed of shares held by the Iranian State (51%) and the International Consortium (49%).



Article II
OPERATIONAL STRUCTURE


2.1 Two operating companies, the Iranian Oil Exploration and Producing Co. and the Iranian Oil Refining Co., and to be formed and registered in Amsterdam and owned by the Imperial State of Iran;

2.2 Another corporation, the Iranian Oil Services Ltd., is to be established, for the purpose of providing the above-mentioned operating companies with supplies, engineering services and non-Iranian personnel, and registered in London;

2.3 I.R.O.P shall be granted under license, subject to annual renewal, free lease with the sole right to operate oil concessions and facilities held by the N.I.O.C;

2.4 In the use of the said oil concessions and facilities, I.R.O.P is to exclusively contract the services of the Iranian Oil Exploration and Producing Co. and the Iranian Oil Refining Co.;

2.5 The Iranian Oil Exploration and Producing Co. and the Iranian Oil Refining Co. may, at the behest of the Imperial State of Iran, contract the services of Iranian Oil Services Ltd..



Article III
NON-BASIC OPERATIONS


3.1 The cost of non-basic functions such as industrial training, public transport and road maintenance, hosing, medical care and social welfare, shall be borne by the Imperial State of Iran.



Article IV
PRODUCTION TARGETS


4.1 I.R.O.P agrees to produce crude oil according to minimums listed in Schedule A



Schedule A




1955

17.5 million cubic metres



1956

27.5 million cubic metres



1957

35.0 million cubic metres




4.2 Thereafter it is agreed to adjust the quantity of crude oil so attained in such manner as would reflect the trend of supply and demand for Middle East crude oil.



Article V
INTERNATIONAL SALE OF IRANIAN OIL


5.1 Members of the International Consortium shall be granted exclusive rights to the international sale of the petroleum products of the I.R.O.P.



Article VI
PROFIT SHARING, ROYALTIES, SERVICE FEES & TAXATION


6.1 The I.R.O.P shall share its profits on a 50-50 basis between the Imperial State of Iran and the International Consortium, with the latter receiving their share of the profits pursuant to percentage allocations specified in Clause 1.2.;



Article VII
ADDITIONAL PROVISIONS


7.1 All payments to the Imperial State of Iran, and to the operating companies previously identified in relation to profit sharing, are to be made in Pound Sterling (£GBP), subject to the free convertibility to U.S. dollars ($USD)

7.2 I.R.O.P shall provide to the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland up to two million two hundred thousand (2,200,000) British gallons of petroleum per annum at a discounted rate of twenty-five percent (25%) below market value, pursuant to the understanding between the Imperial State of Iran and the British Admiralty prior to the 1951 nationalisation of the A.I.O.C;

7.3 B.P is to receive from the Imperial State of Iran compensation of £25 million interest-free payable in ten equal annual instalments, beginning January 01 1957.

7.4 B.P is to receive a quit claim payment from members of the International Consortium:
(a) £32.4 million paid over approximately twelve months in three equal installments, commencing January 1 1955;
(b)five shillings per ton of crude oil and products exported from Persia by Consortium members other than B.P, until a sum of £40 million has been paid.

IMPERIAL STATE OF IRAN
Marā dād farmūd-o khod dāvar ast ​

[X] The Estimable Ali Amini, Minister of Finance for the Imperial State of Iran, affixes his signature to the above-writ text on behalf of the Imperial State of Iran.

 

[Frymonmon]

GM Note: Discussions between nations and treaty negotiations are encouraged, as they add a good element of IC to the game. There shall be no penalties for nation to nation talks on the thread.

 

[MagnificentOne]

[x] UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
[ ] UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND
[ ] IMPERIAL STATE OF IRAN

[X] Roger Stevens, Her Britannic Majesty's Ambassador to Iran

 

[m.equitum]

IMPERIAL STATE OF IRAN
Marā dād farmūd-o khod dāvar ast


LETTER TO H.M. KING FAISAL OF IRAQ​

Faisal, - I send to you in this letter an expression of my gratitude and of the long-standing amity which exists between our countries. During the tumultuous events surrounding the dismissal of Prime Minister Mosaddeq and the subsequent Royalist Restoration, it appeared at a time that Mosaddeq and his misled supporters would prevail.

When it seemed that my ancient throne had been lost, and the proclamation of a republic appeared imminent, you remained a loyal ally and a faithful friend, and welcomed me to Baghdad as I vacated Iran while “the dust settled,” [to use an expression of the Americans.]

The generosity and hospitality for which Arabia has become known finds no better manifestation than that which it finds in you, my friend, King Faisal.
​

Your Friend,
MOHAMMAD REZA
​

 

[Noco19]

Kingdom of Iraq
المملكة العراقية​

My Friend in Tehran, Mohammad Reza,

Offering my lands to you, sheltering you from whatever horrors men like Mosaddeq planned for their rightful sovereign, deserves no gratitude. To provide hospitality and friendship to those in need is only righteous, and should be the foundation for any friendship between states, to assist one another in times of distress. Nonetheless, I am most humbled by your words, and I only hope that such cordial views are forever held between the Crowns of Iran and Iraq forever.

While I am have just yet reached my majority and fully ascended to my duties as King of Iraq, and lack the experience possessed and wisdom evident within you, know that I do ever strive to reach towards you as an ally and true friend, bonding both ourselves and our people. Thus, I shall do all in my power to ensure our two nations remain as partners in our respective national interests. Further cooperation between ourselves could achieve much, forming a bulwark against the advances of chaotic ideologies that ever encroach upon the sanctity of our people's beliefs.

I do await any further correspondences we may exchange, and hope that I may have an opportunity to meet with you in person, so that we may talk in more detail about solidifying the bond between Iran and Iraq.


- Faisal

 

[Frymonmon]

Selected headlines from around the World, January to December of 1954​

News from ongoing Military Engagements

In Kenya, the rebellion of the Mau Mau continued through the year, as strikes against British forced work camps saw the destruction of nearly ten camps across Kenya. All of the camps in the Nyeri and Kiambu Districts had been destroyed by Mau Mau fighters, while Fort Hall had been put under a brief period of attack. In response to these Mau Mau raids, General George Erskine ordered a purge of Nairobi, sealing off the city and rounding up all of the residents. More of these work camps were established on the outskirts of town, where all suspects were detailed unless those who were determined to be loyal, the Kikuyu, Embu, and Meru, were found. Resistance to the measure was harsh, with British forces shooting to kill anyone who stood in their way. Nearly fifty thousand persons had been captured by the British, while the Royal Air Force had bombed many who had attempted to escape the purge.

A brutal pushback came from the Mau Mau after the Nairobi purge, when all European settlers that came into contact with the Mau Mau were murdered, and valuable plantations were burned to the ground, often with no survivors. The infrastructure work that had been ongoing in Kenya was interrupted when Mau Mau fighters would ambush work camps, kill the Europeans and loyalist Africans, and free the imprisoned fighters, only bolstering their numbers. Costs began to mount for the British during the latter half of the year, but it seemed highly unlikely that there would be any pull back from them. In almost all cases where there was combat, the British would prevail, but constant terrorism by the Mau Mau ran rampant across Kenya.

British soldiers on patrol in Kenya.​

Elsewhere in the Empire, the British had far more success against anti-Government forces. In Malaya, where communist militias had run rampant, platoon-sized forces were sent out to try and clear areas, securing them and labeling them a “White Area.” Activity had vastly declined during the year, leading the Federation of Malaya to issue a generous offer of amnesty to all remaining insurgents, with full knowledge that they would be rehabilitated. A joint Malayan-British push through propaganda and general publicity was undertaken, but despite this, few communists actually turned themselves in. Attacks on government forces increased after the push, with several members of the Police found dead, with their bodies looted. An attack on a British base, used for the deployment of platoons into insurgent areas, killed nearly all of the British forces there, blowing a hole in the “White Area” protection zones, rendering them useless now that the insurgents could travel freely in the interior.

News from the First World

In a shock decision, the Supreme Court hands down, in a unanimous decision, that Segregation based on race was unconstitutional. Few people believed that the Supreme Court would overturn segregation in Brown v. Board of Education, let alone a unanimous decision in support of it. Senator Henry Byrd announced that he would stand against integration in all Virginia schools. Virginia’s Governor Thomas Stanley announced an education commission to take a look at the schools in the state, but few believed it would be towards implementing changes, due to the white Democrats that composed the commission. Across the South, similar measures were being enacted, and few believed that segregated schools will end with just the Supreme Court’s decision.

Midterm elections in the United States are overshadowed by Republican Senator Joe McCarthy accusing many within the political, intellectual, and even the military, sphere for having ties to Communists, on mostly baseless accusations. Much of the time he cited the fact that Berlin was handed over to the Soviet Union, labeling nearly everyone who had approved of the measure a Communist. Such an assault leveled against high ranking figures, even suggesting that President Eisenhower was not committed to his country, caused the Senate to vote to censure and eject him. The midterms saw the Democrats gain control of both the Senate and the House, by a slim margin, mostly believed to be because of the Republican McCarthy’s anti-communist rampage.

Rumours from Guatemala that shipments of arms were coming from the Soviet Union sparked fears of a Soviet-backed client state near the United States, and lead many to call upon President Eisenhower to do something to combat the Soviet’s increasing power in the region. A blockade was set up around the country, patrolling both the Pacific and Atlantic coasts, searching for any ships that brought arms to the country. Only a short time later, a CIA-backed invasion force from El Salvador and Honduras crossed into the border, alarming many of the border guards, thinking that the invasion was massive and uncontainable. Unknown to the Guatemalan government, the force was much smaller than anticipated. Before an effective defence could be put up, a combination of propaganda and American scare tactics caused President Árbenz to be captured, and the military to be put into charge of a Pro-American government.

Carlos Castillo Armas speaks from the National Palace after the coup.​

Despite having agreed upon the independence of Sudan in the previous year, Prime Minister Churchill announces a controversial plan that would reverse the earlier three-year movement towards independence for Sudan, and instead split up the region between Egypt and the United Kingdom, ending the joint rule. Unsurprisingly, the news was not met well in Sudan, where local political parties had begun to take shape. In the Commons, the Prime Minister was suspected to have a difficult time getting the treaty ratified. Instead of conceding the land to the Egyptians, many within the government wished to see the independence of the Sudan guaranteed instead. The two treaties that were signed between Egypt and the United Kingdom were not accepted by the Parliament, where instead a resolution was passed guaranteeing British support for Sudanese independence.

Despite the troubles with Egypt, the House of Commons is able to come to agreement on a new policy put forward by the Government. Interest rates were lowered by one per cent, aiming to help the current growth rates experienced in post-war Britain. This move would allow more individuals to borrow money, and then in turn spend it in the economy.

In Algeria, the concept of two separate colleges for the European settlers and the Muslims were abolished, leaving it open for those who advocated for Independence to stand freely. There was also pushback in France for the government’s attempt to enforce the guarantees of the 1947 laws, as discrimination and racial sorting was nearly impossible to fix by simple legislation and enforcement. In reaction to both this, and continued French presence in Algeria, the National Liberation Front was formed, named the FLN, that was a continuation of an earlier pro-Independence group.

The FLN was to be an organisation that advocated for Algerian independence no matter the cost, gathering all Algerians to become one and fight against the Colonialist policies of the French. Recruitment in the tribal zones of Kabylia and the Aures begins, forming a Liberation Army to fight the French. Many flock to the FLN’s banner, a surprising amount, giving credibility to it’s position as a unified force for all Algerians. On the 1st of November, 1954, the FLN carried out a wide series of attacks against targets in French Algeria, killing five Pied-Noir civilians, and blowing up several military and police locations.

Bertrand Goldschmidt continued his work in France, this time working at a nuclear research centre in Saclay. This, along with the French government’s expansion of the Commissariat à l'énergie atomique, continued to bring France towards greater understanding of atomic weapons, and the potential usage in the future for power.

In the lead up to the elections, the Italian government announces the formation of the Elettrodomestici Azienda, which began to import appliances, such as refrigerators, washing machines, and televisions, from the United States and United Kingdom, and selling them at extremely low prices, effectively a massive government subsidy. To alleviate fears of this becoming permanent, it was announced that forty five per cent of the new company would be sold off in 1955.

In a reaction to a report given by a Parliamentary Commission a year earlier, where it was determined that living conditions in southern Italy were deplorable, and just barely half had a lavatory and running water. A main goal then was the construction of new, modern, apartments across the region, aiming at alleviating the worst possible conditions that were prevalent in the South. They would be for sale only to these poor families, with the government taking a hit in any money that was lost from the construction.

A poverty stricken family in southern Italy.​

In a surprising move, Giovanni Gronchi announced that he was challenging Prime Minister Giuseppe Pella, who had risen to power with only a small sliver of support. With the swell of support for Gronchi, the Italian Chamber of Deputies and the Senate announced their dissolution, and new elections called. Gronchi, who was seen as being friendly towards the left, campaigned on attempting to take votes away from The Front, the left-wing group that was vying for power in Italy. There was a massive amount of confusion, as members of the right abandoned Christian Democracy, and instead lent their support to the Italian Liberal Party, the Monarchist National Party, and even the Italian Social Movement. The gamble, in presenting someone who was friendly towards the left, on the ticket of Christian Democracy saw their support crumble.

As the results came in, the Italian Communist Party gained a massive swell of support, taking in nearly eight million votes, and swelling their support to 184 seats. Christian Democracy was able to limp into second, with roughly six million votes, and 159 seats. The Italian Socialist Party managed a modest four million votes, with 86 seats. With The Front only 26 seats away from a majority, it was unlikely that any true coalition could be formed against them. The Italian Democratic Socialist Party, which had agreed to work with The Front, was only able to capture 10 seats, leaving them 16 seats short. Palmiro Togliatti rose to become Prime Minister of Italy through a minority Government, sending shockwaves throughout Europe. Christian Democracy was still able to hold on to a majority in the Senate, and few believed that this government was workable. For the moment, the Communist Prime Minister pledged new support for the Soviet Union, and to ensure that Italians would have the final say in all Italian affairs.

The Malta Railway, a single line of rail running across the island of Malta from Valletta to Mdina, was planned to be rebuilt by Giorgio Borg Olivier and his Nationalists. Why the Prime Minister of Malta, who was elected on the issue of independence, would focus on a blown out railway was confusing to the people of Malta, who started small protests in front of the Grandmaster’s Palace as a result. However the railway itself was built without much issue. The Maltese government now has a railway crossing the island, which was just as well serviced by buses and trucks.

Unit 101, a highly trained and highly spirited special forces unit within the Israeli Defense Forces, is merged into the 890th Paratroop Battalion on the behest of General Dayan, the Israeli Chief of Staff. Hoping to raise the quality and moral of the entire infantry units within the IDF, he began by placing Major Ariel Sharon in command of the entire battalion and giving him a promotion. Lieutenant-Colonel Sharon did as he was ordered, and used his skill to spread the knowledge gained in Unit 101 into the battalion and into rest of the infantry elements within the battalion.

Israel, needing money and quickly, begins to expand the sale of State of Israel Bonds (SIB) throughout Canada and the USA. Using it’s connections to the Jewish and financial communities within each nation, SIBs are sold as guaranteed long term investments for the smart buyer and further marketed as vital to the agricultural and industrial projects occurring in Israel at the time. This campaign is moderately successful, securing Israel millions for the use in public projects.

The Shah, the epitome of a Western man, creates the Ministry of Education in order to better the welfare of his subject and promote the ideals of Westernisation within Iran. The newly created Ministry of Education was tasked with improving the existent public school system, which was aimed towards the poorer Iranians who were unable to send their children abroad for their education. Focusing on expanding it into smaller communities and making education accessible to even the children of rural workers, the simple but vital goal of countrywide literacy was made achievable by the will of the Shah. Rural workers would often take turns sitting in on sessions, and the literacy rate of the nation was expected to skyrocket as a culture of education took hold of the nation.

After a series of debate between the parties involved, the Iranian government and the United States were able to come to an agreement, along with the United Kingdom, over the structure of Iran’s recently nationalised oil resources. The new agreement allowed for the Iranian to retain a total control, but forty nine per cent would be spread between American and British companies. During this time, Iranian workers returned to fields that were operated by British and American oil interests, as the Americans and British left and took all they could with them, leaving the Iranians with little left to try and extract the oil.

However the Shah seemed to have foreseen this inability to extract oil, as talks were held in Iran between the Minister of Finance, Ali Amini, and various French, American, British, and Dutch companies. These talks were held with the goal of discussing the formation of an oil consortium, in the hopes of securing Iran’s economic future. Much to the delight of Minister Amini, British Petroleum, Shell Petroleum, the Gulf Oil Corporation, Mobil Oil, Standard Oil of California, Exxon, Texaco, Compagnie Française des Pétroles, and the Iricon Group all agree to the formation of an oil consortium, securing corporate support and the ability to extract oil from Iranian reserves. This allows a flow of corporate money into Iran, with petroleum being extracted and exported to the West, a rise in profitability and increased employment in Iran’s burgeoning industrial sector.

A backlash against President Syngman Rhee’s autocratic government was felt during the 1954 legislative elections, resulting in the Liberal Party taking a beating at the polls, clocking in with only twenty per cent of the vote, and taking only fifty seats. Shin Ik-hee became the Speaker of the National Assembly, commanding a majority of independents and Democrats, as the pro-Rhee Liberal Party was not able to retain control.

There is a two-week period of confusion along the Demilitarised zone between the two Koreas, as South Korean forces refused to move south towards their designated area. Fears of war breaking out between the two forces become severe, as the South Koreans refuse to move. Finally, after pressure from the United States, the Koreans withdraw to the South and fortifications are begun to be built. The situation badly damages the image of South Korea in the eyes of many American politicians, who believed the Korean Army was attempting to spark a new war that would see them reclaim the Korean Peninsula.

A new series of barracks near the DMZ on the South Korean side.​

As a result of this, American funding for several projects was cut off in South Korea, forcing the government to divert funds from other planned projects, such as temporary housing for those afflicted by the war. It was determined that supplied to the DMZ trumped the need for temporary homes, causing widespread discontent with the newly elected National Assembly and the President.

A Peace Treaty was signed between Japan and the Soviet Union, ending the two countries official state of war against each other. The treaty also restored Japanese administration to several of the Kuril Islands, while being forced to renounce the ones gained during the Russo-Japanese War half a decade previously. The Japanese were also forced to pay reparations to the USSR over a ten year period. Trade was also normalised between the two countries.

With peace now secure, the Japanese government turns towards repealing monopoly laws that had been put in place, in order to allow the Keiretsu’s to increase in power. A major incentive behind this was to ensure that Japanese businesses could operate as efficiently as possible to compete abroad, and to ensure that foreign companies could not threaten them in Japan itself. The results were lackluster during the first year, with growth expectations falling short.

The Treaty of Hanoi was signed between the Viet Minh and the State of Vietnam in March of 1954, splitting the country into two along a line just south of Đà Nẵng. Viet Minh forces south of the new line withdrew to the North, as control over Hanoi and Haiphong took place quickly, so quick in some cases, that South Vietnamese forces did not know of the Treaty’s signature, causing the first few waves of Viet Minh soldiers to be slaughtered by the defending forces. After the confusion was cleared up, the South Vietnamese retreated, leaving the city to a bruised Viet Minh, who began to establish refugee camps for the displaced.

Across South Vietnam, as the country was beginning to be known, powerful politicians and military leaders were gathered, with the notable exclusion of the Bình Xuyên gangsters, to establish a new direction for the country, seeking to understand the current trajectory of the nation, as well as new statements of religious tolerance and order. As the meeting was taking place, a large assault by the military surged into Saigon, capturing Bình Xuyên members and their financial assets, marking a tough stance on the gang, labeling them as criminals, and ensuring that the rule of the South Vietnamese government would be followed.

News from the Second World

While the true leadership of the Soviet Union still remained unknown to outside observes, there was a very public step back from many of the excesses of the former Stalinist regime. Forced labour was brought to an end, while amnesty for criminals who had only done minor crimes or been political prisoners was announced. Censorship was relaxed, allowing some anti-Stalin and anti-State opinions to be aired. In order to ensure that much of these remained so, state security was transferred from the MVD to the independent KGB.

In a shocking stance against the norm in the Soviet Union, all ideological boundaries towards the pursuit of scientific progress were announced. Bans on genetics research, pedology, and many other fields were lifted, and directives were established in the pursuit of previously shunned scientific knowledge. It was declare those that used twisted interpretations of Marxism-Leninism to stop Soviet science stood in the path of progress for their own personal goals. Trofim Lysenko, who had been highly supported by Stalin, was stripped of his positions, and made the manager of a minor forestry station in Siberia.

Despite the turmoil in the Kremlin over leadership, the Five Year Plan ended without any interruptions at all. A focus was made towards the production of consumer goods, increasing output in all regions of the country. There was also a focus towards introducing new and innovative goods, such as the “Dnepr-8,” a battery-powered portable tape recorder, that was heralded in several newspapers as proof of Soviet progress. This, and many more cases, combined with the opening of a nuclear power plant in Obninsk, for civilian power, caused many people both inside and out of the Soviet Union to proclaim the signs of Communism’s superiority.

While the details were unknown to outside observers, there were records of a nuclear blast near the Ural mountains, understood to be more tests of the Soviet Union’s nuclear arsenal. It was expected that the information would help the Soviet Union continue to develop their weaponry.

A flourish of activity began at Kapustin Yar, as western intelligence was able to understand more personnel and money was flowing to the city. Unknown to the west, the region was the Soviet Union’s premier rocket research centre, a closely guarded secret even within the Soviet Union itself. A reorganisation of internal agencies saw OKB-1 removed from under NII-88 and turned into its own independent agency, under the guise of the “Chief Designer.” Western intelligence was able to pick up on this shift in agencies, and it was determined that the name was simply given to a collective group of engineers.

After the leak that came out during the last year about the Ministry of Public Security, the Polish government announced its dissolution, and its replacement with the Committee for Public Security and the Ministry for Internal Affairs, designed to divide the power that the former Ministry had, and give more room for improvements. Reforms were also made in arresting those who were found guilty of excessive interrogation methods, with their trials announced publicly to show that the Polish government would not accept these abuses against the workers of the country, the true heros of the Revolution.

The Six-Year Plan was continued, amidst massive discontent across the country. The industrialisation of Poland was still stressed, and done poorly, while collectivisation, albeit voluntary, was promoted much to the protest of Polish farmers. The Vladimir Lenin Steelworks was forced to shut down shortly after opening due to “excess amounts of fatalities,” shattering hopes of it becoming the pride of Polish steel production, while agricultural output actually dropped during the year, as collective farms received far less money than envisioned, due to tractor costs being inflated by upwards of one thousand per cent. The year was chalked up to be an abysmal failure, only salvaged by the generous subsidies given by the Soviet Union, which were then passed on to ensure the decline in living standards was not large.

Unlike their Polish neighbours, collectivisation in East Germany is a much more smooth affair, as farming equipment is distributed to collective farms across the country, along with government workers fixing irrigation canals that were damaged during the war. This was followed up with the construction of a new series of system on some collective farms as a trial, to test their viability. Equipment was handed out as well, most of the time spread across the country, seeking to ensure that all places would be well supplied and to increase yields year over year.

Production quotas, an area of discontent in the country, were set at what many felt to be an unreasonably high level, going so far as to cause civil unrest in the year prior. After several meetings of the East German leadership, it was finally decided that lowering them would be in the best interest of the country, as increased quotas seemed to lower production and stifle the economy. There were planned talks of increasing the wages of workers on the lowest income, but the measure was ultimately dropped. Production actually declined during the year in industrial sectors, yielding a net negative of one per cent that was only buoyed by the increase in agricultural production.

In Berlin, the agreed upon evacuation of civilians connected with West Germany and employed by the Allies was undertaken, along with their possessions. The restrictions for family to be allowed were quite severe, as agreed upon both Soviet and American representatives. Those who were wealthy enough were able to secure their passage to the West after ensuring that the right people in the East Berliner government were paid off. It was estimated that only a few thousand more people outside of the stipulated amount left Berlin. The final allied soldier left via rail on November 17th, 1954 to much jubilation by the East German government. The former allied headquarters were placed under control of the Soviet Army, allowing for new garrisons to be opened for East Germany’s largest ally.

A Soviet and an American soldier during the handover of West Berlin.​

Continued work was done during the year on Czechoslovakia’s economy, yielding good results in the fields of metallurgy, as well as reports that production quotas of new heavy industrial factories had been exceeded. The work helped to cement itself as one of the most industrialised Communist countries, with Czech machinery operating in every Communist country, with the exception of North Vietnam, the importance of the country’s industrial output was not understated. The constant increase was determined to be necessary for the future growth of the country, and the Communist bloc as a whole.

De-Stalinisation came to Hungary through the removal of Mátyás Rákosi from power, placing Imre Nagy in charge of the Hungarian Communist Party, along with his current position as Chairman of the Council of Ministers. Purges of other pro-Stalinists were undertaken as well, shifting the government far more towards liberalisation than what was experienced in the Soviet Union. Imre Nagy, who had his reforms undermined by Mátyás Rákosi’s hold on power in the Communist Party, quickly set about a large series of reforms that he had planned, placing Hungary’s reform movement steps ahead of the entire Communist bloc.

The Communist regime sought to bring new reforms to public education and health services, with the construction of vast new school buildings, replacing decades old ones, along with new and modern hospitals, filled with the best medicine and tools that could be found within the Communist bloc. Along with this, new motorways were put down, and public transportation strengthened within cities, allowing workers greater flexibility to commute.

The Yugoslav Government enters the year with a simple and flat declaration. Yugoslavia, as it were, was in terrible shape. Hardly the positive socialist future that they had previously promoted, President Tito had made this announcement in order to face the realities that Yugoslavia had. But, in doing so, he pledged constant support for the country, working to improve railroads and motorways, channeling money into projects designed to do just that.

Efforts did not stop with railroads and motorways, as schools across Yugoslavia’s cities were given more funds for their improvement, and even for expansion in many cases. While the current plan was only limited to the largest of cities, there were calls for it to be expanded to other cities and towns where the population was not as big, but the need for education was in many cases larger than in the cities.

Despite already having an office that set nationwide quotas for agricultural products, the Romanian Central Committee announced this, among other items, as part of a new plan to meet newer and higher quotas moving forward. The two redundant agencies would both set their own recommendations to the Central Committee, where one would eventually be approved and made the official target for the year. At the same time, a large slew of factory production would be retooled from consumer based needs and heavy industry towards the production of tractors and sickles, and all excess would be send towards the DPRK, Viet Minh, or People’s Republic of China.

While the Romanian economy took a hit from a shift in factory work towards a new focus on agricultural production, there was a similar reshifting of money into the sciences, following the lead set forth by Moscow, by investing into new research centres and libraries, along with more money for educational facilities, ensuring that an education would be available to all Romanians.

With Stalin’s death, there was a consensus in Bulgaria that Communism had evolved past the ideas set forward by him, and that it was now time to think anew. With several workers protests across Bulgaria caused a change in leadership at the top. Todor Zhivkov was announced as the replacement Party Secretary, after Vulko Chervenkov was forced to step down after support from Moscow had shifted. Zhivkov denounced Stalin and his “puppet’s” control over Bulgaria, taking by far the most radical anti-Stalinist stance in the Communist Bloc, promising an end to collectivisation and increased liberal reforms.

Todor Zhivkov, Bulgaria’s new Secretary of the Communist Party.​

Like in the Soviet Union, labour camp populations were decreased by a large amount, allowing political prisoners of low threat to return to their homes, and instead placed them into “Public Re-Education and Improvement Locations” which, while unknown to Albanians and the world, were little more than rebranded work camps. While the Albanians pledged forgiveness abroad, the reality was actually much harsher, with them being put to work constructing infrastructure, drying out swamps, and in many cases, digging their own graves under hospitals or schools, where they were shot and paved over.

In order to make more room for new students, investments were announced into Albania’s educational system, attempting to ensure that everyone who went through it would be trained in one specific aspect, allowing them to enter into the workforce as a productive member of a socialist society, highly trained and skilled workers engaged in the activities best fitted to suit them.

With volunteers returning from action in Korea, new training methods were undertaken across the People’s Liberation Army, as the valuable information learned from the fighting there would help with organisation and overall structure. While the specifics were wildy unknown, even to the Soviets, it was known that Peng Dehuai rose to Minister of National Defence, responsible for helping to coordinate between the Soviet Union and the DPRK.

Assistance to the People’s Republic came in the form of a new treaty negotiated between the Soviet Union and China, which resulted in a long term loan being given to the Chinese government, nearly half a billion rubles, to be used in modernising the Chinese economy, and the continued construction of Socialism, much like the Soviet Union had to undergo during her early years of existence. In addition to this, the Soviet Union established several industrial plants, to be overseen by both Soviet and Chinese workers, while exports of Soviet equipment to help China’s economy were agreed upon as well.

A symbol of Soviet-Chinese Industrial Partnership.​

With the help of the Soviet Union, the construction of factories began to rise, with a focus on agricultural machinery first and foremost. The idea was to ensure industrial growth, higher demand for steel, as well as offering tractors for collectives at a much lower price than normal, incentivising voluntary collectivisation. While demand was massive in the People’s Republic, exports were allotted to North Vietnam and the DPRK for their own needs as well. While the increase in tractor production was massive, there was still much that needed to be done.

While there was an armistice in place between the two Korean governments, Kim Il-sung refused to see this as a peace between the two countries. Soldiers who were returning from the front, instead of going home, were given new assignments to begin to the rebuilding of the country, badly damaged from the Western attacks. Housing was a main priority, along with transportation and communication infrastructure. There was also a focus on military installations, for the fear that the West would attack once again.

The Korean Agricultural Council was established in Pyongyang, and while using aid from China, began to organise large-scale government run farms that would produce food for the cities as efficiently as possible. A large part of this measure was to ensure that the most people could be sent to work in industry to better advance the state as a whole, and more importantly, to ensure a good war footing for the future.

News from the Third World

As part of Prime Minister Nehru’s ongoing efforts to organise and structure the Republic, a new initiative was undertaken to try and improve the quality of India’s administrative body. There were still vast portions of the country that were not under effective control of the Indian government, as well as vast inefficiencies due to a lack of training and a lack of people. An independent India, Nehru reasoned, should be run from New Delhi to ensure that the country would grow and expand properly into the future. Several new bureaucrats were hired and sent abroad for training, as well as some trained inside the country. New offices were established in remote areas, and some offices expanded in large cities which could not handle all the needs. Overall, the changes were showing very positive results.

While the rail lines covered much of India, there was a lack of rolling stock and modern locomotives to try and service the large country. Purchase orders were made by the Indian government in the United States and the Soviet Union for the purchase of both of these necessities, along with advanced machinery, from the United States, that would allow India to construct several new factories that could service, repair, and even make new locomotives and carriages when it was needed. In order to accommodate these new factories, several American experts traveled to India to oversee the construction of the facilities, which also required several new lines of rail in order to connect them with the Indian rail network.

Indian workers construction a new railway branch.​

With the continued illness of Governor General Malik Ghulam Mohammad, Prime Minister Mohammad Ali Bogra recommended that Defense Secretary and Governor of East Bengal Iskander Mirza be given the post in Malik’s stead. An unpopular man across all of Pakistan due to his exercising of the Constitutional Coup in 1953, Malik was replaced seamlessly by the government with the assent of Britain. However the choice of appointing Iskander Mirza as the fourth Governor General was questioned by some, as the increasing politicalisation of Pakistan’s military and Mirza’s close ties to Ayub Khan worried intellectuals throughout the nation. This was assuaged when Mirza allowed the Bogra Plan to be signed into law on the 12th of May, 1954. As the democratic process and the new constitutional assembly beginning to settle in Pakistan, people were cautiously hopeful for the future.

This was offset by the bureaucratic fight that began between Prime Minister Bogra and the Judiciary. What began as an attempt to reform the governmental administration by placing technocrats in junior positions to follow a “bottom-up” plan of action throughout the nation turned into a slap fight as the bureaucrats inspired by the ex-Governor General Malik G. Mohammad and his allies in the Judiciary called on the legality of such reforms, even on such a low and basic level. Justice Muhammad Munir, using his clout within the bureaucracy, managed to create enough red tape around the issue that Bogra gave up on the reform. The fallout of the Constitutional Crises was very much felt throughout the government, and Pakistan did not feel as stable as it did just two years ago.

Limited efforts by the Libyan government to improve the agricultural situation in the country were offered to all citizens, going so far as to set aside the majority of the money to guarantee basic tools for those that did not have them. If cases where the relief money was short, the government accepted payment in food for exchange of tools, which resulted in more money than expected being borrowed from abroad.

In a move that surprised a few in the Libyan government, the United Nations authorises a mission to Libya that would step in and supplement the Government’s role in providing for the citizens. Nearly one hundred million was allocated to the mission, with thirty million being given to the Libyan Government upfront, and the rest to pay for the purchase of a UN Camp in Tripoli and Benghazi, where food would be given to the poor, and other basic necessities given out to those that migrated into the city, as well as using the government to send out some of these items to the interior regions.

Despite the failure to sign a treaty with the United Kingdom, the Aswan Dam Agreement was signed between the United States and Egypt, and the agreed upon amount of money from the United States was transferred to the Egyptians. Despite this, Egypt still lacked the money to construct the dam, as the British and Americans were only slated to offer 1/6th of the total money needed for construction. Despite the treaty, no work was done during the year.

Egypt signs the 1954 Anglo-Egyptian Agreement on the Division of the Sudan, partitioning Sudan into the North (under Egyptian supervision) and the South (under British administration). Well, theoretically, as the British House of Commons votes against the measure and decides instead to support Sudanese independence. This enrages both the Egyptian government and the Egyptian people, as both wish the pan-Arabic spirit of Egypt to be spread to Sudan. It is unknown how the government will react to this seeming betrayal of the Egyptian cause.

Prime Minister Nuri al-Said invites British politician and academic Lord Salter to create a report detailing the structure and usage of oil revenue to better assist the Iraqi government and boost the Iraqi economy. The outcry was fierce, as the average Iraqi citizen did not understand why a British Baron was in charge of judging domestic Iraqi business. While Lord Salter write a report and held some points, the government was unable to use it for fear of a rebellion similar to what happened in Egypt. As such any use that the government could gain from the report was made null.

Prime Minister Nuri al-Said then tries to enact educational reform, seeing it as a calm and easy way to gain back popular support. While he does manage to increase the amount of funding towards urban schools, he earmarks rural expansion to a future timeline, raising eyebrows as the rich get more educated while the poor rural people remain mostly illiterate and disenfranchised from the growing industrial jobs gained from the oil industries.

In Syria, discontent with the military rule imposed by Adib Shishakli began to show signs of growing further and further towards a Civil War. Not wishing to see the country plunged into the potential disastrous conflict, Shishakli stepped down from office, allowing Hashim al-Atassi to reassume his office as President.

With the agreed upon withdrawal from Berlin, there was also jubilation further south in Austria. Part of the deal made between the Soviet Union and the United States was the pull back of Soviet forces from the country, putting to rest the fears that an independent Communist state would rise from the divided Austrian territory. The new Austrian government, under the command of Chancellor Julius Raab, was slightly controversial to the Soviets, who labeled him a Fascist, but the Chancellor stood strong for renewing exports once again, now that Austria could act as an independent country.

Other Notable World Events

• BOAC Flight 781, a de Havilland Comet jet plane, disintegrates in mid-air due and crashes in the Mediterranean near Elba. All 35 people on board are killed.
• Avalanches in Austria kill more than 200.
• Marilyn Monroe marries baseball player Joe DiMaggio.
• The U.S.-based National Negro Network is established with forty-six member radio stations.
• The first nuclear-powered submarine, the USS Nautilus, is launched in Groton, Connecticut, by First Lady of the United States Mamie Eisenhower.
• Elizabeth II becomes the first reigning monarch to visit Australia.
• The first mass vaccination of children against polio begins in Pittsburgh, United States.
• Finland and Germany officially end their state of war.
• American journalists Edward R. Murrow and Fred W. Friendly produce a 30-minute See It Now documentary, entitled A Report on Senator Joseph McCarthy.
• U.S. officials announce that a hydrogen bomb test (Castle Bravo) has been conducted on Bikini Atoll in the Pacific Ocean.
• RCA manufactures the first color television set (12-inch screen; price: $1,000)
• Puerto Rico's first television station, WKAQ-TV, commences broadcasting.
• The U.S. Congress and President Dwight D. Eisenhower authorize the founding of the United States Air Force Academy in Colorado.
• Vladimir Petrov defects from the Soviet Union and asks for political asylum in Australia.
• Dwight D. Eisenhower gives his "domino theory" speech during a news conference.
• The Unification Church is founded in South Korea.
• The Boeing 707 is released after about two years of development.
• Chiang Kai-shek is re-elected as the president of the Republic of China by the National Assembly.
• Juan Manuel Fangio wins the World Championship of Drivers after competing in eight out of nine races.
• Early computer scientist Alan Turing commits suicide.
• The words "under God" are added to the United States Pledge of Allegiance.
• The United States officially begins using the international unit of the nautical mile, equal to 6,076.11549 ft. or 1,852 meters.
• Brazilian president Getúlio Vargas commits suicide after being accused of involvement in a conspiracy to murder his chief political opponent, Carlos Lacerda.
• The first issue of Sports Illustrated magazine is published in the United States.
• The last 'new' episode of The Lone Ranger radio program is broadcast, after 2,956 episodes over a period of 21 years. Reruns of old episodes continue to be transmitted.
• Hurricane Hazel crosses over Haiti, killing 1,000.
• New York Giants defeat the Cleveland Indians to win the 1954 World Series.
• The first Godzilla film premieres in Tokyo.
• The main immigration port-of-entry in New York Harbor at Ellis Island closes permanently.
• The TV dinner is introduced by the American entrepreneur Gerry Thomas.
• The Detroit Lions defeat the Cleveland Browns 2 - 0 in the NFL Championship Game.
  

 

[Frymonmon]

Countries of the World: 1955

​

Albania
Economy & Population
Population: 1.383 m. $ 1,152 GDP per Capita, 2.20% Population Increase
Economy: $ 1,593 m. GDP, 5.10% GDP Increase, Boom, Agrarian Planned Economy
Economic Sectors: 52% Services, 4% Industry, 44% Agriculture & Resources
Income & Spending
Treasury & Credit Rating: 1.64% Debt to GDP, Borrow from the Soviet Union
Yearly Balance: 11.79% of GDP [2.83% Balance last year]
Government Spending 91.89% of GDP
Infrastructure: (4/5) Poor, 3.55% of GDP, 100% Funding
Administration: (1/5) Average, 3.79% of GDP, 100% Funding
Education: (3/5) Poor, Public, 8.47% of GDP, 115% Funding
Health & Welfare: (3/5) Poor, Public, 8.20% of GDP, 100% Funding
Miscellaneous: 2.17% of GDP
National Defence: 8.82% of GDP (estimate)
Recruitment & Manpower: Draft: 1,582 Manpower, No mobilisation
Game Moderator: Frymonmon
Played by: tyriet

Austria
Economy & Population
Population: 6.957 m. $ 5,187 GDP per Capita, 0.24% Population Increase
Economy: $ 36,085 m. GDP, 14.93% GDP Increase, Boom, Newly Industrial Market Economy
Economic Sectors: 56% Services, 7% Industry, 37% Agriculture & Resources
Income & Spending
Treasury & Credit Rating: 8.01% Debt to GDP, BBB Credit Rating
Yearly Balance: -1.36% of GDP [-1.57% Balance last year]
Government Spending 28.32% of GDP
Infrastructure: (2/5) Average, 2.52% of GDP, 99% Funding
Administration: (3/5) Good, 3.27% of GDP, 95% Funding
Education: (1/5) Good, Semi-Public, 6.30% of GDP, 97% Funding
Health & Welfare: (2/5) Good, Public & Private, 5.67% of GDP, 98% Funding
Miscellaneous: 0.72% of GDP
National Defence: 0.84% of GDP (estimate)
Recruitment & Manpower: Volunteer: 66,091 Manpower, No mobilisation
Game Moderator: Frymonmon
Played by: Korona

Brazil
Economy & Population
Population: 61.127 m. $ 1,922 GDP per Capita, 1.90% Population Increase
Economy: $ 117,500 m. GDP, 6.01% GDP Increase, Boom, Semi-Industrial Market Economy
Economic Sectors: 42% Services, 28% Industry, 30% Agriculture & Resources
Income & Spending
Treasury & Credit Rating: 7.35% Debt to GDP, BB Credit Rating
Yearly Balance: -2.93% of GDP [-2.45% Balance last year]
Government Spending 31.26% of GDP
Infrastructure: (4/5) Failing, 1.77% of GDP, 109% Funding
Administration: (4/5) Failing, 1.77% of GDP, 101% Funding
Education: (1/5) Poor, Mostly Public, 6.09% of GDP, 106% Funding
Health & Welfare: (4/5) Failing, Semi-Private, 3.41% of GDP, 100% Funding
Miscellaneous: 1.40% of GDP
National Defence: 1.95% of GDP (estimate)
Recruitment & Manpower: Draft: 1,034,846 Manpower, No mobilisation
Game Moderator: Dadarian
Played by: DutchGuy

Bulgaria
Economy & Population
Population: 7.481 m. $ 2,024 GDP per Capita, 0.78% Population Increase
Economy: $ 15,145 m. GDP, 0.76% GDP Increase, Stagnation, Semi-Industrial Planned Economy
Economic Sectors: 51% Services, 11% Industry, 38% Agriculture & Resources
Income & Spending
Treasury & Credit Rating: 19.09% Debt to GDP, Borrow from the Soviet Union
Yearly Balance: 8.34% of GDP [2.02% Balance last year]
Government Spending 92.15% of GDP
Infrastructure: (1/5) Poor, 2.84% of GDP, 97% Funding
Administration: (3/5) Poor, 3.33% of GDP, 100% Funding
Education: (2/5) Poor, Public, 7.91% of GDP, 96% Funding
Health & Welfare: (1/5) Poor, Public, 7.72% of GDP, 99% Funding
Miscellaneous: 2.45% of GDP
National Defence: 5.30% of GDP (estimate)
Recruitment & Manpower: Draft: 114,403 Manpower, No mobilisation
Game Moderator: Frymonmon
Played by: Andre Massena

China
Economy & Population
Population: 607.302 m. $ 586 GDP per Capita, 2.01% Population Increase
Economy: $ 355,667 m. GDP, 7.27% GDP Increase, Boom, Agrarian Mixed Economy
Economic Sectors: 42% Services, 20% Industry, 38% Agriculture & Resources
Income & Spending
Treasury & Credit Rating: 1.70% Debt to GDP, Cannot Borrow
Yearly Balance: -0.71% of GDP [0.85% Balance last year]
Government Spending 51.49% of GDP
Infrastructure: (4/5) Failing, 1.83% of GDP, 88% Funding
Administration: (1/5) Poor, 2.01% of GDP, 90% Funding
Education: (4/5) Failing, Public, 6.64% of GDP, 84% Funding
Health & Welfare: (4/5) Failing, Public, 6.60% of GDP, 81% Funding
Miscellaneous: 1.38% of GDP
National Defence: 2.39% of GDP (estimate)
Recruitment & Manpower: Draft: 10,095,078 Manpower, No mobilisation
Game Moderator: Frymonmon
Played by: XVG

Czechoslovakia
Economy & Population
Population: 13.088 m. $ 3,743 GDP per Capita, 1.05% Population Increase
Economy: $ 48,992 m. GDP, 3.59% GDP Increase, Boom, Semi-Industrial Planned Economy
Economic Sectors: 47% Services, 39% Industry, 14% Agriculture & Resources
Income & Spending
Treasury & Credit Rating: -11.48% Debt to GDP, Borrow from the Soviet Union
Yearly Balance: 6.07% of GDP [0.73% Balance last year]
Government Spending 93.78% of GDP
Infrastructure: (1/5) Average, 4.16% of GDP, 103% Funding
Administration: (1/5) Poor, 3.10% of GDP, 115% Funding
Education: (1/5) Poor, Public, 7.99% of GDP, 115% Funding
Health & Welfare: (1/5) Poor, Public, 7.86% of GDP, 106% Funding
Miscellaneous: 2.06% of GDP
National Defence: 2.89% of GDP (estimate)
Recruitment & Manpower: Draft: 50,134 Manpower, No mobilisation
Game Moderator: Frymonmon
Played by: Duke of Britain

East Germany
Economy & Population
Population: 17.971 m. $ 6,893 GDP per Capita, -0.52% Population Decrease
Economy: $ 123,872 m. GDP, 0.82% GDP Increase, Expansion, Newly Industrial Planned Economy
Economic Sectors: 51% Services, 37% Industry, 12% Agriculture & Resources
Income & Spending
Treasury & Credit Rating: -17.01% Debt to GDP, Borrow from the Soviet Union
Yearly Balance: 8.41% of GDP [0.83% Balance last year]
Government Spending 96.72% of GDP
Infrastructure: (1/5) Good, 5.30% of GDP, 96% Funding
Administration: (4/5) Poor, 3.95% of GDP, 115% Funding
Education: (2/5) Average, Public, 9.04% of GDP, 99% Funding
Health & Welfare: (3/5) Poor, Public, 8.27% of GDP, 98% Funding
Miscellaneous: 2.28% of GDP
National Defence: 1.53% of GDP (estimate)
Recruitment & Manpower: Draft: 224,454 Manpower, No mobilisation
Game Moderator: Frymonmon
Played by: MastahCheef117

Egypt
Economy & Population
Population: 23.857 m. $ 924 GDP per Capita, 2.40% Population Increase
Economy: $ 22,036 m. GDP, 3.87% GDP Increase, Expansion, Agrarian Market Economy
Economic Sectors: 40% Services, 21% Industry, 39% Agriculture & Resources
Income & Spending
Treasury & Credit Rating: 13.45% Debt to GDP, BBB Credit Rating
Yearly Balance: -2.91% of GDP [-3.43% Balance last year]
Government Spending 28.12% of GDP
Infrastructure: (2/5) Poor, 2.00% of GDP, 99% Funding [Aswan Dam 1/16th]
Administration: (4/5) Failing, 1.68% of GDP, 98% Funding
Education: (4/5) Failing, Mostly Public, 5.60% of GDP, 86% Funding
Health & Welfare: (3/5) Failing, Public & Private, 3.86% of GDP, 87% Funding
Miscellaneous: 0.54% of GDP
National Defence: 1.99% of GDP (estimate)
Recruitment & Manpower: Draft: 357,363 Manpower, No mobilisation
Game Moderator: Dadarian
Played by: Watercress

France
Economy & Population
Population: 44.015 m. $ 6,150 GDP per Capita, 0.44% Population Increase
Economy: $ 270,690 m. GDP, 4.43% GDP Increase, Boom, Newly Industrial Market Economy
Economic Sectors: 57% Services, 34% Industry, 9% Agriculture & Resources
Income & Spending
Treasury & Credit Rating: 38.45% Debt to GDP, AAA Credit Rating
Yearly Balance: -5.34% of GDP [-5.14% Balance last year]
Government Spending 35.83% of GDP
Infrastructure: (4/5) Average, 2.92% of GDP, 99% Funding
Administration: (4/5) Average, 2.92% of GDP, 96% Funding
Education: (2/5) Average, Public, 7.41% of GDP, 92% Funding
Health & Welfare: (2/5) Average, Semi-Public, 5.84% of GDP, 94% Funding
Miscellaneous: 1.27% of GDP
National Defence: 3.52% of GDP (estimate)
Recruitment & Manpower: Draft-: 37,715 Manpower, No mobilisation
Game Moderator: Frymonmon
Played by: Keldonia-Skylar

Hungary
Economy & Population
Population: 9.786 m. $ 2,975 GDP per Capita, 0.82% Population Increase
Economy: $ 29,111 m. GDP, 5.23% GDP Increase, Boom, Semi-Industrial Planned Economy
Economic Sectors: 51% Services, 26% Industry, 27% Agriculture & Resources
Income & Spending
Treasury & Credit Rating: -2.30% Debt to GDP, Borrow from the Soviet Union
Yearly Balance: 0.48% of GDP [-1.38% Balance last year]
Government Spending 90.92% of GDP
Infrastructure: (1/5) Average, 3.86% of GDP, 100% Funding
Administration: (4/5) Poor, 3.61% of GDP, 103% Funding
Education: (3/5) Poor, Public, 8.20% of GDP, 100% Funding
Health & Welfare: (3/5) Poor, Public, 8.24% of GDP, 102% Funding
Miscellaneous: 2.36% of GDP
National Defence: 1.42% of GDP (estimate)
Recruitment & Manpower: Draft: 145,038 Manpower, No mobilisation
Game Moderator: Frymonmon
Played by: LatinKaiser

India
Economy & Population
Population: 392.001 m. $ 696 GDP per Capita, 1.54% Population Increase
Economy: $ 272,745 m. GDP, 5.20% GDP Increase, Boom, Agrarian Market Economy
Economic Sectors: 32% Services, 19% Industry, 49% Agriculture & Resources
Income & Spending
Treasury & Credit Rating: -0.06% Debt to GDP, B Credit Rating
Yearly Balance: -0.32% of GDP [-1.98% Balance last year]
Government Spending 25.75% of GDP
Infrastructure: (2/5) Poor, 1.96% of GDP, 97% Funding
Administration: (2/5) Poor, 1.96% of GDP, 100% Funding
Education: (1/5) Poor, Public, 6.56% of GDP, 91% Funding
Health & Welfare: (4/5) Failing, Semi-Public, 4.83% of GDP, 93% Funding
Miscellaneous: 1.08% of GDP
National Defence: 1.19% of GDP (estimate)
Recruitment & Manpower: Draft: 6,688,012 Manpower, No mobilisation
Game Moderator: Frymonmon
Played by: Spectre17

Iran
Economy & Population
Population: 18.638 m. $ 1,528 GDP per Capita, 2.32% Population Increase
Economy: $ 28,475 m. GDP, 1.13% GDP Increase, Stagnation, Semi-Industrial Market Economy
Economic Sectors: 46% Services, 14% Industry, 40% Agriculture & Resources
Income & Spending
Treasury & Credit Rating: 8.72% Debt to GDP, BB Credit Rating
Yearly Balance: -0.52% of GDP [-0.60% Balance last year]
Government Spending 22.23% of GDP
Infrastructure: (2/5) Poor, 1.82% of GDP, 100% Funding
Administration: (3/5) Poor, 1.96% of GDP, 96% Funding
Education: (2/5) Poor, Semi-Public, 5.03% of GDP, 92% Funding
Health & Welfare: (1/5) Poor, Public & Private, 4.16% of GDP, 97% Funding
Miscellaneous: 0.40% of GDP
National Defence: 2.47% of GDP (estimate)
Recruitment & Manpower: Draft: 212,809 Manpower, No mobilisation
Game Moderator: Dadarian
Played by: Magister

Iraq
Economy & Population
Population: 5.866 m. $ 2,384 GDP per Capita, 2.13% Population Increase
Economy: $ 13,985 m. GDP, -1.13% GDP Decrease, Depression, Semi-Industrial Mixed Economy
Economic Sectors: 47% Services, 7% Industry, 46% Agriculture & Resources
Income & Spending
Treasury & Credit Rating: 23.76% Debt to GDP, B Credit Rating
Yearly Balance: -2.12% of GDP [-4.72% Balance last year]
Government Spending 50.67% of GDP
Infrastructure: (1/5) Poor, 2.16% of GDP, 98% Funding
Administration: (1/5) Poor, 2.16% of GDP, 99% Funding
Education: (1/5) Poor, Public & Private, 4.45% of GDP, 87% Funding
Health & Welfare: (3/5) Failing, Semi-Private, 3.25% of GDP, 83% Funding
Miscellaneous: 1.44% of GDP
National Defence: 3.00% of GDP (estimate)
Recruitment & Manpower: Draft: 36,513 Manpower, No mobilisation
Game Moderator: Dadarian
Played by: Noco19

Israel
Economy & Population
Population: 1.752 m. $ 3,859 GDP per Capita, 2.34% Population Increase
Economy: $ 6,761 m. GDP, 17.05% GDP Increase, Boom, Semi-Industrial Market Economy
Economic Sectors: 52% Services, 30% Industry, 18% Agriculture & Resources
Income & Spending
Treasury & Credit Rating: 4.90% Debt to GDP, A Credit Rating
Yearly Balance: -7.79% of GDP [-9.80% Balance last year]
Government Spending 47.88% of GDP
Infrastructure: (2/5) Poor, 2.03% of GDP, 98% Funding
Administration: (1/5) Average, 2.51% of GDP, 99% Funding
Education: (1/5) Poor, Semi-Public, 4.96% of GDP, 87% Funding
Health & Welfare: (4/5) Failing, Public & Private, 3.96% of GDP, 83% Funding
Miscellaneous: 0.79% of GDP
National Defence: 24.05% of GDP (estimate)
Recruitment & Manpower: Draft: 9,657 Manpower, Full mobilisation
Game Moderator: Dadarian
Played by: etranger01

Italy
Economy & Population
Population: 48.524 m. $ 4,740 GDP per Capita, 0.47% Population Increase
Economy: $ 229,983 m. GDP, 7.03% GDP Increase, Boom, Semi-Industrial Mixed Economy
Economic Sectors: 50% Services, 31% Industry, 18% Agriculture & Resources
Income & Spending
Treasury & Credit Rating: 28.20% Debt to GDP, AA Credit Rating
Yearly Balance: -3.14% of GDP [-4.27% Balance last year]
Government Spending 41.91% of GDP
Infrastructure: (2/5) Average, 2.97% of GDP, 100% Funding
Administration: (1/5) Average, 2.79% of GDP, 106% Funding
Education: (3/5) Average, Public, 7.95% of GDP, 102% Funding
Health & Welfare: (4/5) Average, Semi-Public, 6.39% of GDP, 97% Funding
Miscellaneous: 1.26% of GDP
National Defence: 1.32% of GDP (estimate)
Recruitment & Manpower: Draft: 789,697 Manpower, No mobilisation
Game Moderator: Frymonmon
Played by: Maxwell500

Japan
Economy & Population
Population: 90.765 m. $ 2,683 GDP per Capita, 1.06% Population Increase
Economy: $ 243,528 m. GDP, 6.27% GDP Increase, Boom, Semi-Industrial Market Economy
Economic Sectors: 63% Services, 33% Industry, 4% Agriculture & Resources
Income & Spending
Treasury & Credit Rating: 18.77% Debt to GDP, A Credit Rating
Yearly Balance: -3.99% of GDP [-4.18% Balance last year]
Government Spending 29.21% of GDP
Infrastructure: (4/5) Poor, 2.12% of GDP, 94% Funding
Administration: (3/5) Average, 2.55% of GDP, 92% Funding
Education: (3/5) Poor, Public, 6.85% of GDP, 91% Funding
Health & Welfare: (3/5) Poor, Mostly Public, 5.97% of GDP, 87% Funding
Miscellaneous: 1.27% of GDP
National Defence: 0.53% of GDP (estimate)
Recruitment & Manpower: Volunteer: 826,264 Manpower, No mobilisation
Game Moderator: Frymonmon
Played by: bakerydog

Libya
Economy & Population
Population: 1.119 m. $ 1,100 GDP per Capita, 3.08% Population Increase
Economy: $ 1,231 m. GDP, 23.86% GDP Increase, Boom, Agrarian Market Economy
Economic Sectors: 47% Services, 2% Industry, 51% Agriculture & Resources
Income & Spending
Treasury & Credit Rating: 6.81% Debt to GDP, B Credit Rating
Yearly Balance: -2.52% of GDP [-2.70% Balance last year]
Government Spending 13.14% of GDP
Infrastructure: (4/5) Failing, 1.50% of GDP, 81% Funding
Administration: (1/5) Poor, 1.64% of GDP, 100% Funding
Education: (2/5) Failing, Mostly Private, 1.56% of GDP, 54% Funding
Health & Welfare: (1/5) Failing, Private, 0.64% of GDP, 51% Funding
Miscellaneous: 0.23% of GDP
National Defence: 4.20% of GDP (estimate)
Recruitment & Manpower: Draft: 8,711 Manpower, No mobilisation
Game Moderator: Frymonmon
Played by: jacob-Lundgren

North Korea
Economy & Population
Population: 8.657 m. $ 1,054 GDP per Capita, 0.99% Population Increase
Economy: $ 9,127 m. GDP, 5.11% GDP Increase, Boom, Agrarian Planned Economy
Economic Sectors: 42% Services, 24% Industry, 34% Agriculture & Resources
Income & Spending
Treasury & Credit Rating: 13.63% Debt to GDP, Borrow from China
Yearly Balance: -13.64% of GDP [-14.33% Balance last year]
Government Spending 87.65% of GDP
Infrastructure: (2/5) Poor, 2.76% of GDP, 94% Funding
Administration: (4/5) Poor, 3.19% of GDP, 91% Funding
Education: (2/5) Poor, Public, 7.63% of GDP, 90% Funding
Health & Welfare: (2/5) Poor, Public, 7.63% of GDP, 90% Funding
Miscellaneous: 1.92% of GDP
National Defence: 26.30% of GDP (estimate)
Recruitment & Manpower: Draft: 112,379 Manpower, Partial mobilisation
Game Moderator: Frymonmon
Played by: Shynka

North Vietnam
Economy & Population
Population: 15.184 m. $ 742 GDP per Capita, 1.39% Population Increase
Economy: $ 11,273 m. GDP, 2.84% GDP Increase, Expansion, Agrarian Planned Economy
Economic Sectors: 48% Services, 13% Industry, 39% Agriculture & Resources
Income & Spending
Treasury & Credit Rating: 3.97% Debt to GDP, Cannot Borrow
Yearly Balance: -3.70% of GDP [-4.09% Balance last year]
Government Spending 81.32% of GDP
Infrastructure: (1/5) Poor, 2.90% of GDP, 87% Funding
Administration: (2/5) Poor, 3.15% of GDP, 115% Funding
Education: (4/5) Failing, Semi-Public, 5.36% of GDP, 74% Funding
Health & Welfare: (4/5) Failing, Semi-Private, 3.73% of GDP, 73% Funding
Miscellaneous: 2.08% of GDP
National Defence: 6.00% of GDP (estimate)
Recruitment & Manpower: Draft: 172,896 Manpower, No mobilisation
Game Moderator: Frymonmon
Played by: Harpsichord

Pakistan
Economy & Population
Population: 93.607 m. $ 597 GDP per Capita, 1.79% Population Increase
Economy: $ 55,915 m. GDP, 3.19% GDP Increase, Expansion, Agrarian Market Economy
Economic Sectors: 48% Services, 13% Industry, 39% Agriculture & Resources
Income & Spending
Treasury & Credit Rating: 5.59% Debt to GDP, BBB Credit Rating
Yearly Balance: -2.31% of GDP [-2.62% Balance last year]
Government Spending 29.00% of GDP
Infrastructure: (3/5) Poor, 2.46% of GDP, 87% Funding
Administration: (1/5) Average, 2.82% of GDP, 115% Funding
Education: (4/5) Failing, Semi-Public, 4.63% of GDP, 74% Funding
Health & Welfare: (3/5) Failing, Semi-Private, 2.87% of GDP, 73% Funding
Miscellaneous: 1.01% of GDP
National Defence: 3.82% of GDP (estimate)
Recruitment & Manpower: Draft: 1,323,731 Manpower, No mobilisation
Game Moderator: Dadarian
Played by: Julius Maximus

Poland
Economy & Population
Population: 27.124 m. $ 2,814 GDP per Capita, 1.53% Population Increase
Economy: $ 76,334 m. GDP, 5.25% GDP Increase, Boom, Semi-Industrial Planned Economy
Economic Sectors: 42% Services, 43% Industry, 15% Agriculture & Resources
Income & Spending
Treasury & Credit Rating: -12.38% Debt to GDP, Borrow from the Soviet Union
Yearly Balance: 6.17% of GDP [0.89% Balance last year]
Government Spending 97.97% of GDP
Infrastructure: (4/5) Poor, 3.78% of GDP, 100% Funding
Administration: (1/5) Average, 4.04% of GDP, 100% Funding
Education: (2/5) Poor, Public, 8.41% of GDP, 115% Funding
Health & Welfare: (1/5) Poor, Public, 8.13% of GDP, 115% Funding
Miscellaneous: 2.25% of GDP
National Defence: 2.61% of GDP (estimate)
Recruitment & Manpower: Draft: 309,785 Manpower, No mobilisation
Game Moderator: Frymonmon
Played by: Haresus

Romania
Economy & Population
Population: 17.199 m. $ 1,507 GDP per Capita, 0.93% Population Increase
Economy: $ 25,915 m. GDP, 1.65% GDP Increase, Stagnation, Semi-Industrial Planned Economy
Economic Sectors: 42% Services, 34% Industry, 24% Agriculture & Resources
Income & Spending
Treasury & Credit Rating: -13.04% Debt to GDP, Borrow from the Soviet Union
Yearly Balance: 6.55% of GDP [0.45% Balance last year]
Government Spending 96.83% of GDP
Infrastructure: (1/5) Poor, 3.16% of GDP, 100% Funding
Administration: (4/5) Failing, 2.89% of GDP, 115% Funding
Education: (3/5) Failing, Public, 7.32% of GDP, 100% Funding
Health & Welfare: (1/5) Poor, Public, 7.83% of GDP, 100% Funding
Miscellaneous: 1.72% of GDP
National Defence: 4.41% of GDP (estimate)
Recruitment & Manpower: Draft: 186,180 Manpower, No mobilisation
Game Moderator: Frymonmon
Played by: sealy300

South Korea
Economy & Population
Population: 21.450 m. $ 1,170 GDP per Capita, 0.90% Population Increase
Economy: $ 25,106 m. GDP, 5.07% GDP Increase, Boom, Agrarian Mixed Economy
Economic Sectors: 42% Services, 30% Industry, 28% Agriculture & Resources
Income & Spending
Treasury & Credit Rating: 21.95% Debt to GDP, BB Credit Rating
Yearly Balance: -7.10% of GDP [-7.95% Balance last year]
Government Spending 41.43% of GDP
Infrastructure: (2/5) Poor, 1.83% of GDP, 84% Funding
Administration: (3/5) Poor, 1.98% of GDP, 83% Funding
Education: (4/5) Failing, Mostly Public, 5.50% of GDP, 74% Funding
Health & Welfare: (4/5) Failing, Public & Private, 3.94% of GDP, 78% Funding
Miscellaneous: 0.54% of GDP
National Defence: 12.03% of GDP (estimate)
Recruitment & Manpower: Draft: 704,065 Manpower, Partial mobilisation
Game Moderator: Frymonmon
Played by: Groogy

South Vietnam
Economy & Population
Population: 12.458 m. $ 741 GDP per Capita, 1.82% Population Increase
Economy: $ 9,227 m. GDP, 3.03% GDP Increase, Stagnation, Agrarian Market Economy
Economic Sectors: 43% Services, 8% Industry, 49% Agriculture & Resources
Income & Spending
Treasury & Credit Rating: 71.66% Debt to GDP, BB Credit Rating
Yearly Balance: -8.74% of GDP [-8.91% Balance last year]
Government Spending 31.82% of GDP
Infrastructure: (1/5) Poor, 1.54% of GDP, 92% Funding
Administration: (1/5) Poor, 1.81% of GDP, 83% Funding
Education: (4/5) Failing, Public & Private, 3.92% of GDP, 86% Funding
Health & Welfare: (1/5) Poor, Mostly Private, 2.45% of GDP, 87% Funding
Miscellaneous: 0.79% of GDP
National Defence: 12.42% of GDP (estimate)
Recruitment & Manpower: Draft: 98,472 Manpower, No mobilisation
Game Moderator: Frymonmon
Played by: Firelordsky

Soviet Union
Economy & Population
Population: 194.817 m. $ 3,211 GDP per Capita, 1.38% Population Increase
Economy: $ 625,464 m. GDP, 4.78% GDP Increase, Boom, Semi-Industrial Planned Economy
Economic Sectors: 34% Services, 46% Industry, 20% Agriculture & Resources
Income & Spending
Treasury & Credit Rating: 0.33% Debt to GDP, Cannot Borrow
Yearly Balance: -0.97% of GDP [-3.03% Balance last year]
Government Spending 97.94% of GDP
Infrastructure: (4/5) Poor, 3.74% of GDP, 100% Funding
Administration: (4/5) Poor, 5.58% of GDP, 100% Funding
Education: (1/5) Average, Public, 9.20% of GDP, 115% Funding
Health & Welfare: (2/5) Poor, Public, 8.13% of GDP, 100% Funding
Miscellaneous: 2.20% of GDP
National Defence: 11.77% of GDP (estimate)
Recruitment & Manpower: Draft: 2,992,117 Manpower, No mobilisation
Game Moderator: Frymonmon
Played by: Stormbringer

Spain
Economy & Population
Population: 29.288 m. $ 2,786 GDP per Capita, 0.79% Population Increase
Economy: $ 81,599 m. GDP, 4.17% GDP Increase, Boom, Semi-Industrial Mixed Economy
Economic Sectors: 50% Services, 28% Industry, 22% Agriculture & Resources
Income & Spending
Treasury & Credit Rating: 42.48% Debt to GDP, BBB Credit Rating
Yearly Balance: 0.00% of GDP [0.59% Balance last year]
Government Spending 54.01% of GDP
Infrastructure: (1/5) Average, 3.00% of GDP, 78% Funding
Administration: (2/5) Average, 4.14% of GDP, 103% Funding
Education: (1/5) Poor, Semi-Public, 5.28% of GDP, 88% Funding
Health & Welfare: (4/5) Failing, Public & Private, 4.29% of GDP, 87% Funding
Miscellaneous: 1.58% of GDP
National Defence: 2.51% of GDP (estimate)
Recruitment & Manpower: Draft: 385,837 Manpower, No mobilisation
Game Moderator: Frymonmon
Played by: nachopontmercy

United Kingdom
Economy & Population
Population: 50.895 m. $ 8,039 GDP per Capita, 0.26% Population Increase
Economy: $ 409,128 m. GDP, 5.78% GDP Increase, Boom, Newly Industrial Market Economy
Economic Sectors: 55% Services, 41% Industry, 4% Agriculture & Resources
Income & Spending
Treasury & Credit Rating: 157.74% Debt to GDP, AAA Credit Rating
Yearly Balance: -4.78% of GDP [-4.39% Balance last year]
Government Spending 35.45% of GDP
Infrastructure: (4/5) Average, 2.89% of GDP, 95% Funding
Administration: (1/5) Good, 3.58% of GDP, 98% Funding
Education: (3/5) Average, Mostly Public, 6.80% of GDP, 97% Funding
Health & Welfare: (4/5) Average, Semi-Public, 6.24% of GDP, 101% Funding
Miscellaneous: 1.25% of GDP
National Defence: 5.98% of GDP (estimate)
Recruitment & Manpower: Draft: 161,558 Manpower, No mobilisation
Game Moderator: Frymonmon
Played by: MagnificentOne

United States
Economy & Population
Population: 165.641 m. $ 11,239 GDP per Capita, 1.60% Population Increase
Economy: $ 1,861,613 m. GDP, 10.23% GDP Increase, Boom, Industrial Market Economy
Economic Sectors: 45% Services, 49% Industry, 6% Agriculture & Resources
Income & Spending
Treasury & Credit Rating: 68.32% Debt to GDP, AAA Credit Rating
Yearly Balance: -0.97% of GDP [-2.09% Balance last year]
Government Spending 33.07% of GDP
Infrastructure: (2/5) Average, 2.58% of GDP, 93% Funding
Administration: (1/5) Good, 3.56% of GDP, 99% Funding
Education: (1/5) Average, Semi-Public, 5.66% of GDP, 97% Funding
Health & Welfare: (2/5) Average, Semi-Private, 4.22% of GDP, 98% Funding
Miscellaneous: 1.02% of GDP
National Defence: 8.34% of GDP (estimate)
Recruitment & Manpower: Draft: 196,351 Manpower, No mobilisation
Game Moderator: Frymonmon
Played by: Dutchbag

West Germany
Economy & Population
Population: 52.289 m. $ 4,892 GDP per Capita, 0.94% Population Increase
Economy: $ 255,813 m. GDP, 4.96% GDP Increase, Boom, Semi-Industrial Market Economy
Economic Sectors: 56% Services, 33% Industry, 11% Agriculture & Resources
Income & Spending
Treasury & Credit Rating: 43.34% Debt to GDP, BB Credit Rating
Yearly Balance: 1.00% of GDP [1.28% Balance last year]
Government Spending 31.93% of GDP
Infrastructure: (1/5) Good, 3.17% of GDP, 106% Funding
Administration: (3/5) Average, 3.38% of GDP, 101% Funding
Education: (1/5) Average, Semi-Public, 5.73% of GDP, 97% Funding
Health & Welfare: (1/5) Average, Public & Private, 5.04% of GDP, 103% Funding
Miscellaneous: 1.36% of GDP
National Defence: 0.32% of GDP (estimate)
Recruitment & Manpower: Volunteer: 484,750 Manpower, No mobilisation
Game Moderator: Frymonmon
Played by: TJDS

Yugoslavia
Economy & Population
Population: 17.424 m. $ 1,798 GDP per Capita, 1.59% Population Increase
Economy: $ 31,327 m. GDP, 6.69% GDP Increase, Boom, Semi-Industrial Mixed Economy
Economic Sectors: 56% Services, 33% Industry, 11% Agriculture & Resources
Income & Spending
Treasury & Credit Rating: 6.66% Debt to GDP, BB Credit Rating
Yearly Balance: 0.42% of GDP [-0.94% Balance last year]
Government Spending 57.78% of GDP
Infrastructure: (1/5) Average, 2.88% of GDP, 98% Funding
Administration: (2/5) Poor, 3.07% of GDP, 96% Funding
Education: (1/5) Poor, Public, 6.90% of GDP, 87% Funding
Health & Welfare: (4/5) Failing, Public, 6.67% of GDP, 83% Funding
Miscellaneous: 1.26% of GDP
National Defence: 5.16% of GDP (estimate)
Recruitment & Manpower: Draft: 118,343 Manpower, No mobilisation
Game Moderator: Frymonmon
Played by: Ekon

Neutral Military Stats

 

[Andre Massena]

RABOUTNICHESKO DELO


CHERVENKOV STEPS DOWN, ZHIKOV TO LEAD PARTY

Zhikov addresses the Central Committee

Comrades,

A new era for communism has begun. Let us set aside the vestiges of our war-torn past and enter a new era. Stalin is gone and so are the abuses of his reign.

The crowd murmurs in disbelief

Yes, it is shocking, I know. But let us pretend no longer. Moscow has moved on from Stalin's reign of terror and we should follow suit. We can speak freely now without fear of retribution and exile. If this is the "freedom of speech" that the West yammers about to fool the naive workers of the world then let us embrace it and use it for our own ends.

Today marks a new age for Bulgaria. No longer will Stalin's puppets have control over our destiny. No longer shall the peasants suffer from forced collectivization and starvation. No longer hall we be mired in poverty. For we shall now witness Bulgaria's transformation to a modern, industrial power. We shall experiment with different forms of economics to achieve the best results. We shall foster an atmosphere of openness and cooperation for the worker to thrive. We shall promote peace and develop our educational and health sectors. Bulgaria shall prosper!

I know many of you right now are worried. Some of you may think I have abandoned the cause for the decadence of the West. But do not worry, my friends. I am still opposed to the evils of capitalism as always. These changes I propose are necessary for the survival and prosperity of the communist system. I am merely following Moscow's lead on this front. So join me and together we shall see Bulgaria enter a new age!

 

[Watercress]

Nasser Speaks
On the Sudan

Prime Minister Nasser speaks to the crowd in Cairo, in a speech broadcast to the nation and the rest of the Arab World via The Voice of the Arabs radio station.

"Last year, I came to you, and presented to you, the people of Egypt, an agreement, signed by myself and the British representative. In this agreement, the evacuation of the Suez Canal was secured, as was the future of our brothers in the Sudan. The British, who had long oppressed and tyrannised over us, had seemed to come to the light of reason. I had hoped the British had come to understand that Imperialism and Colonialism in its forms was a dying force, deservedly at that. That our agreement was a recognition that Britain could not maintain her tyranny over the Nile Valley. That a new era of cooperation and friendship between our nations, on an equal and fair basis, could be realised. I felt that this relationship could be forged with peaceful diplomacy and discussion, a new dawn for the peoples of the Arab World.

Many of you warned me against this path. Indeed, one of you attempted to remind me by rather forceful means, not too long ago, when a young man attempted to kill me at a speech in Alexandria. The intensity of the passion against my diplomacy with the British used to out-stand me. Yes, the British were our tyrants, our jailkeepers, our despots. Yet the British are a nation like any other - they are governed by wise men with the interests of their people at heart. Their people understand what is best for their nation, as do all peoples. In this case, I ignored the obvious will of the Egyptian people. Like their Prime Minister, Chamberlain, I came back with a worthless note and proclaimed, 'Peace in our Time'.

Now I realise that you, the people of Egypt, were correct all this time. That Britain has not abandoned her historical duplicity. With one hand, Mr. Churchill offered us what we wanted. With the other, his Parliament took it away. The Suez remains in foreign hands; the Sudan under their jackboot. Where there was once hope for a amicable settlement, Britain has dashed that hope. A new era of Anglo-Egyptian, and indeed Anglo-Arab relations. Extinguished in an instant!

The Suez Canal, the greatest achievement of the Arab people. The product of the blood and sweat of countless Egyptians, labouring under French and British slavemasters. The Canal is the birthright of all Egyptians, great and small. You have the right to navigate that vital passageway; you have the right to earn her profits; you have the right to administer her shipping. Britain, clinging to her decaying Empire, rejects this natural right. Until the Suez is freed, Egypt cannot move forward, cannot begin to achieve the social and economic revolution this Republic requires. The unification of the Arab nation, the liberation of the Middle East, cannot proceed without this vital waterway.

The Sudan, the land of our brothers. They are not Egyptians, no. But they are Arabs, just like us. They are our fellow citizens, our brothers in history, in religion, in culture, and indeed, in shared suffering of British imperialism. The Sudan was to be joined with us, the Arabs of the North to join our fledging Republic, the Africans of the South to go their own way. Now the British Parliament has prevented this - they demand the independence of the Sudan. They demand an integral part of the Arab nation become a supposedly 'independent' country. It would be as if the Delta were separated from the rest of the country; as if the Sinai went astray. Neither region, just like Sudan, is a country. The Sudan is a region, a region populated by the Arabs. Their country is the Arab Nation, as is Egypt and all of the Arab World. Sudanese independence is no independence at all - it is merely the perpetuation of British rule. British administrators would not leave, not their soldiers. Their puppets in the Sudan would stay in power. The Sudan would remain in the throes of colonial oppression and misrule.

The only path forward for the Sudan is unity - unity with her Arab brothers in Egypt. One united Arab Republic, encompassing all the Arab people of the Nile Valley. One Republic, One People, One Nation! Egypt and the Sudan are one and the same. We are united in nationhood, and will both be liberated by a common citizenry, a united endeavour to develop our region, and to enlighten the Arab Nation by our example. For Egypt and the Sudan are not the only regions of the Arab Nation. The Maghreb. Syria, Palestine and Iraq. The rest of the Peninsula. All of these territories are populated by one people, divided for millennia by despots and foreigners. Let us end the millennia of oppression and disunity. The unification of the Arabs begins now. Where Egypt and the Sudan begin, the rest of the Arab World will ultimately join with us, to forge a Republic from the Atlantic to the Indian Ocean, a Republic of free men. The Age of the Arabs has come!

There is an invisible line in the sand, bisecting the Nile. It divides communities, families, friends and coworkers. It divides Egypt and the Sudan; it divides the Arab Nation. That line was drawn by the British. These lines, these invisible lines, divide the whole of the Arab Nation. They are everywhere. Everywhere where Arabs live, the foreigners have brought invisible lines down. No more, I tell you. No more will lines in the sand divide the Arab people. No more shall we tolerate British duplicity, British imperialism. No more shall we be divided; we shall go forward together, as one Nation. For the liberation of the Arabs, for the emancipation of our people, for the development of our economy, we must unite!

Leading up to the American Revolution, the states of that country were plagued by disunity. Their cause was weakened by infighting. The oppression of the British was perpetuated by their strife. The obvious similarity, of the America of those years, and our Arab Nation in the present, is self-evident. Our division allows for the British to maintain their tyranny over us. Let us follow the example of the Americans - let us learn from what they did. For they united behind a common cause, and they pledged themselves towards a unified Republic. No matter what state they were from, they were all proud to be Americans. This, I believe, must be emulated by the Arab Nation. The American Revolution brought out the formation of the greatest country on this earth. Now, let our Revolution, not just the 1952 Revolution but the future unification of the Arab Nation, start the same process. Let me reiterate the words of that Great American, Benjamin Franklin. 'Join, or Die.' Like the American States, the states of the Arab Nation must join, or die."

 

[jacob-Lundgren]

The Kingdom of Libya has had itself a good year. Through a focus on agriculture and through the power of our faith we have seen a strong improvement in our food production. It is not required that people only pay in cash, if both sides see a satisfactory outcome, the payment was just and good. Its far better that the government accept payment in form that is possible than refuse and thus bring harm to the poor. As well its has been shown that the United Nations can act as a force for good, itself helping to spread wealth from those capable and willing to those in need. The Kingdom is a young nation, newly free from foreign rule and with the willing help of others and through the willing help of the government the peoples lives will grow better.

Foreign rule and threats to force others to submit to unjust rule by men from afar should be combated as can be done. While the United Nations is not a force for religion, it is not a force against religion either. The news out of Italy that has reached me as well seems towards the scary side. Communists are not a force for god and Italian governments in the past that sought a radical agenda proved bad for the people of the Libyan Kingdom. However this time around such possible attack from others to force their will and terrorize this land into colonial status will be prevented. Other people with power, in a form of charity to those without it, are starting to show willingness to use that power for safety of those less capable. This is a good to the world. ~ King Idris I of Libya

 

[Julius Maximus]

The Dominion of Pakistan

Constitutional "Bumps In The Road" (1954)

The Dominion of Pakistan for the early part of 1954 was in a political deadlock concerning the contents of a constitution for the country. The more conservative and reactionary elements of the government wished to emplace either a biased constitution, or keep the current status of Dominion with power in the place of the Governor-General, something the former Governor-General Malik Ghulam Mohammad was found to heavily endorse. He was even willing to request his political allies derail the newly-appointed Governor-General Iskander Mirza and Prime Minister Muhammad Ali Bogra from any type of reform to the administration at the lower levels.

Governor-General Iskander Mirza, A Man Who Steps Into a Tense Situation

It was a sigh of relief to the majority of the government and people when the "Bogra Formula" was declared law and restoration of the former constitutional assembly formed in 1953 was given the task to formulize a document transforming the nation. But the issue was for the short-term in Pakistan, as the Judiciary was willing to tear down this great work against the betterment of the state and the people. Bogra's allies had to make plan for 1955, and much in terms of political stability would hinge on it.​

 

[firelordsky]

Dinh Gia Long, an inconspicuous building that would prove to be unimportant to modern Vietnamese history.​

It could be said that the destiny of the State of Vietnam was decided at the grand meeting at Dinh Gia Long, the former residence of the French Lieutenant Governor. Those who say so would not be wrong, but they would not be completely right. As with most meetings that deal with leaders of popular and not-so-popular organizations, the meeting was more like a clash between many forces of personality. As with most meetings in that category, nothing that was supposed to be done got done. A new direction for the State of Vietnam was talked about, for the first ten minutes of the congregation. After that, the meeting of personages quickly becomes a series of attempts by figures of power to ally with other figures of power and marginalize other elements of the Vietnamese political spectrum. And that was the environment the Emperor of Vietnam was suited to deal with. With the various parties being distracted by the, aptly named, Playboy Emperor, Nguyễn Văn Hinh, the Chief of Staff for the Vietnamese National Army and prominent Bảo Đại supporter, carefully doctored the conversation transcripts to make it more favorable to Bảo Đại. That is, most of the parties' statements were manipulated to match the Emperor's view of a strongly centralized government with a unicameral legislature that has no political parties involved.

The second day went much the same except with the topic being the tolerance of Đạo Cao Đài and Đạo Hòa Hảo. The various forming power blocs still focused on one another, trying to gain influence and take allies from others all the while ignoring Bảo Đại's staunch supporter and the head of state himself. Statements and edicts of religious tolerance were written up, laughs were shared, and Bảo Đại was brushed off as a mere playboy attempting to be a leader, like usual. Nobody noticed the Chief of Staff looking over the scribe's transcript of the discussions as thy spread out through the palace. And so it was the same with the next day and the next until the week was at an end. The various delegations believed that nothing really got discussed. At least until they witnessed the prisoner convoy of the Bình Xuyên conveniently passing by the palace courtyard. A mixture of blackmail and caution would ensure that the State of Vietnam was not compromised from within. Everyone was blindsided when Bảo Đại sidled up to a conveniently placed podium, that was definitely not planted by the Vietnamese National Army, and announced the policy of "One Vietnam, Two Systems". While this statement would go unrecognized in in foreign countries, these words would ultimately not affect anything at all.

 

[Ab Ovo]

Biddu tajjeb, nofs-xogħol: The Paris Note and the Third Olivier Ministry​

Elected for the third time in the elections of 1953, Dr Giorgio Borg Olivier had a clear mandate from the people: independence. Although many still supported the integration proposal of Dom Mintoff and his Labour Party, the Nationalists and their plan of dominionhood for Malta were quite popular. The Maltese relationship with the British was always a fickle one, with the island dependent on the Royal Navy for much of its economy and staunchly loyal during the Second World War yet still bearing in many ways the antipathy of the colonised towards the coloniser.

Unbeknownst to the Maltese people, Prime Minister Olivier had attempted throughout 1954 to engage in fruitful discussions with Whitehall. While initially talks had stymied over continued attempts by London to foist integration upon the government progress was slowly made on the issue of independence. Negotiations were bolstered once the Imperial Government allowed The Viscount Swinton, Secretary of State for Commonwealth Relations, to take over negotiations from first the Home then Colonial Office. Signalling an improvement in Malta's position the Prime Minister and Lord Swinton met privately in the Auberge de Angleterre on several occasions, but no tangible progress appeared to have been made and Lord Swinton left the colony to return to London in October.

​

In lieu of achieving independence, the Prime Minister set his sights on a more down-to-earth prize: rebuilding the Malta Railway. Decommissioned in 1931 it had long languished and had been out of service for years upon Mussolini's announcement, in 1940, that it had been destroyed by Italian bombings. Prime Minister Olivier saw it as a charming part of Maltese history and a kind of monument to Fascist hubris, and argued that rebuilding the stretches that had been done away with and re-opening it would increase national pride and create jobs.

The reality, however, was somewhat the opposite. While it did create jobs, it put many others out of business as sections of roads that had been paved where the tracks had been were torn up. Therefore despite Olivier's gilded promises of jobs, the railway had the effect of disrupting bus routes and effectively handing pink slips to the drivers. This as a price for the minimal gain in ease of transportation and the handful of jobs the railway would create sparked discontent; which combined over frustration with the Nationalist government's seeming lack of action on independence led to a series of protests in front of the Grandmaster's Palace.

Dom Mintoff, leader of the Labour Party
​

Sensing his faltering popularity and that of his party, the Prime Minister released what would become known as the Paris Note: a resolution drawn up by a Nationalist-Workers Party majority in Parliament, drafted by Nationalist cabinet minister Antonio Paris, requesting that the Governor and Whitehall by extension grant independence directly to Malta as a dominion. While this was indeed received popularly by some, especially those who traditionally voted Nationalist, the further revelations that it had been drawn up without Labour input and at the behest of Britain herself infuriated the Labour Party.

The Labour Party had staked its name on opposition to independence and in support of direct integration into the United Kingdom, however it seemed like the winds were changing. Dom Mintoff, the Chairman of Labour, decried what he called Prime Minister Olivier's 'hidden autocracy' and famously declared in a speech in front of the Grandmaster's Palace that:

Dr Olivier, this is no longer the age of fiat. No longer may you covene secretive meetings without the opposition, or bypass the will of the people to institute independence by decree. You are not Mussolini. You are not even Togliatti. You are simply Olivier, and you are accountable.

After intense internal struggle,Labour abandoned her pro-integration stance in the aftermath of the 'Paris Affair' over feelings within the Party that London was now in too deep with the Nationalists. This was something that both denied, but neither too strongly and in any case opened up a very interesting avenue for Labour: detente with the Church. Labour's relationship with the Catholic Church had always been fraught with tension, as a left-wing organisation in a profoundly Catholic country.

Founded on the 30th anniversary of Leo XIII's encyclical Rerum Novarum which condemned capitalism and defined Catholic labour philosophy, the party largely avoided the radicalism that plagued many of its contemporaries, but always retained an honestly radical socialist contingent which made the Church uneasy. A famous anecdote passed around Nationalist campfires concerned the Bishop of Malta's attendence at a dinner of Dom Mintoff's; where he was so horrified by a rendition of The Red Flag that he immediately left the table and would not return until Minoff forced an apology from the guests. The Party's adoption of a platform of integration however -- reviled by the Church at the prospect of losing her rights to the Church of England -- kicked the animosity up a notch, leading to excommunications of Labour voters and the declaration that reading Labour papers was a mortal sin.

Seeing a chance to end the deleterious effects of the Church's opposition in light of dropping integration, but unwilling to support dominion due to the late scandal, Dom Mintoff met personally with Bishop Galea to discuss his options. Their meetings were exceedingly fruitful, and resulted in the landmark Mdina Declaration of 1954 adopted by the Labour Party's general conference: the Labour Party would support independence, not as a Commonwealth Realm, but with the Grand Master of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta as head of state. While this did come as a surprise to many, Bishop Galea's pastoral letter announcing the lifting of sanctions on Labour soon clarified matters.

The interior of St Paul's Metropolitan Cathedral at Mdina
​

The Mdina Declaration, issued in February, proved to be the final prelude to the collapse of the Olivier Ministry. In a surprise move, one of the three members of the Malta Workers Party in Parliament crossed the floor and announced he would be joining Labour. The Nationalist-Workers coalition which had allowed Olivier to form a majority government was slim, with the MWP's three seats raising the Nationalists from 18 to 21 seats over Labour and securing a majority of two seats. With the defection, Malta was left with a hung parliament. Attempts to form a Nationalist minority government floundered after Labour easily pushed through a vote of no confidence, and finally fresh elections were scheduled for March.

Labour capitalised on her new dentente with the Church by campaigning heavily for the more Anglophobic nationalist voters, promising a intrinsically independent and Catholic government -- who, after all, were better suited to represent Malta than the knightly order which even now brought her fame -- while Olivier preheated attacks on perceived anticlericalism in the Labour ranks and held out stability and reassurance under NATO and the Queen. Without the Church running interference it was sure to be close, and Whitehall dared not proclaim dominionhood or dissolve the constitution before the elections -- as Olivier was rumoured in some circles to have requested -- for fear of catastrophic riots. This election was a referendum on Malta's future, and the winner would carry a mandate which could not be ignored.

 

[Stormbringer]

MID USSR

OFFICIAL STATEMENTS

The USSR condemns the ongoing violence in Kenya and especially the brutality of the British forces in Nairobi. The Mau Mau have legitimate grievances against the colonial exploitation of their country. The USSR calls for a cease fire and for negotiations to address the dehumanizing conditions that the Mau Mau currently face in Kenya.

The USSR is concerned about ongoing political violence in Malaya. The British offer of amnesty for the rebels is an encouraging first step, but it has failed to resolve the situation. A proper resolution requires negotiations between the British and the Malay to address the legacy of colonial oppression that has culminated in the current crisis.

The USSR condemns in the strongest terms possible the American invasion of Guatemala. The United States has for the second time in two years deposed a democratically-elected government in order to install a military regime that prioritizes the interests of the United States over those of the people of its country. Such interventions are immoral, illegal, and in the long-run disastrous for the people of the violated countries. The USSR demands an immediate withdrawal of foreign troops from Guatemala and the restoration of the democratic process in the country.

The USSR is disappointed to see the failure of the negotiation process between France and representatives of Algerian pro-independence groups. The resort to violence on the part of the FLN is an unfortunate result of the colonial policies that have for a century and a half dehumanized and exploited the Algerian people. The USSR calls for a cease fire and for a return to negotiations meant to address the legacy of colonial oppression that has culminated in the current crisis.

 

[Korona]

Declaration of Republik Österreich, The Republic of Austria​

Chancellor Julius Raab stood in the terrace of the Hofburg, flanked by the President and Karl Renner, he was giving the one of most important speechs in modern day Austrian history. A massive crown surrounded the Hofburg, many people were waving Austrian flags, and a sense of freedom was palpable in the ear.


"People of Austria, we have come to the point that we have suffered to get to. We have spent far too many years being ruled over by an oppressive government, and just when we thought we were free, a dictatorial German came to power. We suffered under Hitler for seven years, and we had practically no freedoms. And under the Habsburgs, we were oppressed. The Constitution of 1861 was a joke, it only served as a front for the Hapsburgs to say that we were represented by our 'chosen' form of government.

Now, after all the years of oppression, we are finally free. People of Austria, the Soviet Union has left our city of Vienna, the Allied Powers are gone, and most of you may be thinking, 'What's next'. Next, we bring back the days of old, where Austria was a power to be reckoned with, but we won't have a Monarchy that we don't want, we will have a democracy that we deserve! People of Austria, I am here in the city of Vienna to tell you all one thing. Austria is free!"

The crowd cheers as an Austrian flag is unfurled, and is draped from the terrace of the Hofburg.

 

[Stormbringer]

TECHNICAL REPORT

MINOBPROM

TOP SECRET

For: CC CPSU (small circulation)

Summary:

Obyekt 155 trials completed. Results exceeded expectations. PAZ system proved successful within distance of 700m of a 15kt explosion. Recommend serial production at KhPZ and UVZ and discontinuation of production of obyekt 137sh.

GAZ-49 prototype available for testing. Program remains on schedule.

Obyekt 160 development is completed, but results not adequate for the S-125A program. Obyekt 161 development started. Recommend to remove N. P. Mazurov as project supervisor and transfer project to TsNII-1.

Tests at Kapustin Yar [redacted].

Project 56 trials completed. Results adequate for service. Recommend no changes to planned production and entry into service.

Project 56EM development disappointing results. Recommend new design to fix issues that have become apparent with the current project.

Project 611B and project 613B [redacted].

T-405 initial tests extremely promising. Should be treated as most promising of the current designs. Recommend continued development.

SDB program trials completed. Results adequate for service. Due to time sensitive nature of the program recommend immediate serial production and entry into service.

Tu-95/1 [redacted].

 

[Julius Maximus]

The Dominion of Pakistan

West And East Pakistan (1954)

One of the smaller, cosmetic changes in the proposed constitution that was deemed the law of the land was the renaming of the "Wings" of Pakistan.

The province of East Bengal was to be renamed as East Pakistan, using the name to "bring unity for the citizens in name and faith of Pakistan". And the four western provinces of Punjab, Baluchistan, North-West Federated Provinces & Tribal Areas and Sindh and Khairpur would be known as West Pakistan, but they shall all retain their provincial autonomy. It was thought that atleast something from this new document be implemented, and this was by far the easiest to pass without making another fallout in the government.

One, much more controversial proposal was a scheme called the "One-Unit Program" which was much more then a simple name change. Even though it was immediately crushed by all parties involved, it was something that would have polarized and inflamed the people of East Bengal. Its basic interpretation was political power in the west, while the east is deprived of its status, even though it holds over half of the population and economy. But, the Prime Minister knew that this was something not possible in the current climate, and it also contradicted the "Bogra Formula" in regards to equal representation.​

 

[Maxwell500]

[FONT= "Times New Roman"]MEET THE NEW COMRADE
PALMIRO TOGLIATTI'S RED REIGN OF TERROR

​

ROME--

WITH the stunning upset of the Italian Communist Party in the elections, the Italian people are left with only one question: what mad reign of terror does our new Prime Minister, who openly announced Italian ties with the Red Menace in Moscow, have in store? Many Italians are in shock at the results, pointing to the possibility of foul play at polling places. One resident of Messina, Guido Brunetti, claimed to a reporter from this paper that:

I didn't vote Communist. None of my friends voted Communist. None of their friends voted Communist. I don't believe I have ever even seen a Communist. How can they have gotten millions of votes if nobody has ever seen them?

A sentiment echoed by others. Indeed, what of Togliatti himself, this Red Duce set to hold the country in his iron grip? Nothing worse can be said of him than the plan unvarnished truth: he is Moscow's man, through and through. Exiled throughout the Second World War for treason and sedition, while brave Italian men fought and bled and died for a glorious cause, Togliatti sheltered like a coward in the Soviet Union and suckled milk from the fat and hairy teat of Stalin himself. He is not an Italian, purely a Soviet.

But while this madman, this thuggish brute, towers over the prone form of Italia, we cannot blame him and the pathetic gimps of government who service his vile, flaccid cause alone. No, Gronchi too must be brought to justice. It is his shameless and profligate lust for power, the throbbing unrestrained leftism which courses throughout his demagogy, which has doomed us all. Mussolini lies mouldering, and it is only too fitting that an Italy which has shunned his great legacy is punished with such villains, such blackguards.[/FONT]

 

[Bonecracker(NL)]

North Atlantic Treaty Organisation​

After successful talks between leading member states of the Alliance with the Federal Republic of Germany and the Republic of Austria, and without objections heard from member states, the Federal Republic of Germany and the Republic of Austria are hereby formally invited to join the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation.