Chapter 10: Taking a stand
The strategic dilemma which faced the United Kingdom in July 1941 was an unenviable one to sort out. The lack of transport vessels that plagued the Royal Navy came to a head as two critical objectives appeared at the same time: the need to reinforce the Suez Canal but also the need to retake Ceylon and, if possible, push Japan out of the Indian Ocean. The decision was an almost impossible one to make, but the high command insisted on doing both. Admiral Sir Dudley Pound, Chief of the Navy, refused to even consider abandoning the attack on Ceylon. Field Marshal Sir John Gort, as Chief of the Imperial General Staff, worked feverishly to make sure that the transports worked over time.
Admiral Mountbatten received the orders to return to Madras on 27 July 1941 and pick up the remaining Marine divisions. All six divisions would be employed in the operation to retake Ceylon. At the same, Admiral Harwood of the Chinese Fleet took his unit back to England to begin ferrying reinforcements to the Suez Canal. Captain Larry Quentin remembered the trip with some trepidation.
Larry Quentin interview #17 said:Interviewer: So, Mr. Quentin, tell us about Ceylon.
Quentin: Which time? If the damned bloody fools at the War Office put decent garrisons on Ceylon, we would never have lost the island so many times. Even to this day I won't drink that bloody tea.
Interviewer: The July-August 1941 operation.
Quentin: Ah, that one. Right, so I just got promoted to Captain. I never wanted to be an officer, but here I was. Just because I've got a squirrelly brain, they think I should draw up the plans. Bloody stupid idea, I'd say, but it's my job, right? We had plenty of air support, what with the carriers off the coast, and battlewagons to rain hell on the miserable bastards. 'Snot rocket science, yeah? I had a loud and nasty conversation with the adjutant of General Dobbie, who insisted he needed all six divisions to take one beach.
Interviewer: General Dobbie did lose most of his men in the evacuation of Trincomalee, Mr. Quentin.
Quentin [sighs]: Yeah, that was bad. [Pauses for a moment] Dobbie and I became friends after the war, but at the time, I would have ripped his bloody throat out. I managed to get the General to accept my recommendations. The basic plan was simple. Recon said the Japanese had only garrisoned one of the bases: we'd take the other with half the Marines, pull the Japanese out of position, and then land the others.
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Interviewer: Wasn't that a bit risky? What if recon had been wrong?
Quentin: War is risk. Anyway, it worked. By 16 August, the island was ours. Were there casualties? Sure. We killed a hell of a lot more of them than they did us, so mission accomplished, I'd say.
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Interviewer: Thank you for your time today, Mr. Quentin.
With that particular hurdle out of the way, more and more attention shifted to the Mediterranean. A surprise Italian invasion of Alexandria was only interrupted by Admiral Tovey's rapid shift into position; although his units successfully engaged the transports, they could not sink them, and he had to remain off the coast of Alexandria to prevent a successful invasion.

The enemy approached closer and closer, at first in dribs and drabs, then a flood of men all rushing to the Canal. A corps of infantry arrived in Romani to shore up British defenses. The new arrivals argued for an advance, to meet the enemy head on. Field Marshal Gort's orders were clear: to prevent enemy capture of the Canal. However, he left considerable initiative to the men in the field; the trouble was, nobody could agree. With the situation in Sub-Saharan Africa all but cleared up, Field Marshal Gort decided to recall Brigadier Wallace Graham, promoted him to Major General, and put him in command of the situation. Although some of the general officers did outrank him, the British tendency to let positions speak louder than rank prevented too much squabbling, and Graham knew the ground from his campaigns in North Africa.
Major General Graham wasted no time in issuing a thorough plan for the defense of the canal.
Graham's plan to defend the Canal said:The British Army has but one job at this time. We must defend the canal. All other concerns, including our own lives, are purely secondary. As reinforcements arrived, they will be assigned as evenly as possible, but the strongest contingent must remain at Romani. Germans have been spotted near Ramla, although they are wearing Hungarian uniforms.
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No, repeat no, counteroffensives are authorized at this time. This is the best defensive position, and if we are forced to withdraw, the Germans will have to cross the canal to pursue us. Even though the army will remain in place and prepare trenches, the RAF has been tasked with destroying all roads farther south. Not a single Luftwaffe fighter has been spotted, but we have a wing of fighters, a wing of tactical bombers, and a wing of strategic bombers. This diagram shows the projected damage over time to the region.
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Ideally, we will prevent them from advancing at all. At the very least, we should easily delay them until the armor arrives.
Back in the Indian Ocean, the Royal Marines secured the Nicobar Islands, driving them completely out of the Indian Ocean for the first since the war began. That was to be no easy task, however. The worst fears of Royal Navy planners were realized at the battle of the Eastern Bay of Bengal: for the first time, all four Japanese fleet carriers concentrated. Mountbatten's battleships, being repaired in Rangoon, had no choice but to hurry south, along with all available forces. The Royal Navy lost a transport flotilla, but did take a submarine squadron with them. They also bought enough time to land a single Marine division and regain the island chain. However, this attack all but prevented any kind of serious follow-up; the battleships, in particular, were heavily damaged and needed extensive repairs before they could see action again. Admiral Cunningham's carriers, based in Colombo, Ceylon, also joined Mountbatten in Rangoon.
The month of September offered little action of note. The Bismarck broke out into the English Channel again, but apart from a few German destroyers meeting their doom, it escaped again. Bismarck was among the most hated of enemy ships, as it was the only ship to sink a British carrier in the war: the Hermes

There was help on the way for the forces in India; after rearming the Home Fleet with new carrier air wings, three more were sent to Cochin. They arrived just in time to join the carrier fleets there; the Japanese retook the Nicobar Islands in early October.

Worse still, Japanese carriers based in Sumatra pressed hard, defeating Admiral Horton's Mediterranean Fleet and forcing them to retreat to Teluk Anson. The Nicobars were retaken just two weeks later, and the transport which delivered Japanese forces was sunk, but that was little consolation for having to constantly retake the same islands. It was time to further reduce the Japanese position, which meant an attack on Medan, Sumatra.

In Africa, the last few divisions of Japan were about to be wiped out by the First Armored Corps, while the defenses of the Canal were finally supplemented by armored divisions of the Second Armored Corps.


After Medan fell, the Royal Navy continued farther south along the coast of Sumatra.

That left a single base on Sumatra still in Japanese hands: the former Dutch base at Oosthaven. The Japanese were prepared to defend that particular base with all the fervor they could muster, yet even Oosthaven was not enough of a prize: the port of Batavia, where Japanese carriers were refitting and being repaired, was another target. In his typically aggressive style, Captain Quentin's plan called for an attack on both ports simultaneously.

True, Batavia was entirely undefended, but three divisions, dug in, defended Oosthaven. General Pakenham-Walsh commanded the attack on Oosthaven, and he was superior to his Japanese counterpart, but it was as even a contest as the Royal Marines had encountered. It would be bloody, but it might be a victory. The Japanese carriers in Batavia tried desperately to fight off the British landing in Oosthaven, but to no avail.
David James knew little and cared less about the fighting in the Pacific. He was safely across the Atlantic in Washington DC and having a wonderful time. Most Americans didn't even know there was a war going on; those that did blamed "Silly old Europe" for everything. The Special Liaison to Washington happened to agree. He had been horribly frightened in Berlin and horribly bored in London; Washington offered plenty of adventure, but safe adventure. He'd met plenty of lovely girls, and was chatting with a pair of them when the Ambassador called him into his office. James recalled the conversation in his journal.
Diary of David James said:Washington is such a treat, even if it is ghastly warm almost year round. I get to see the latest toys the Yanks have cooked up; simply marvelous. I am sure my Dad would be delighted to visit here, but he's still working on that statistics project. Daft if you ask me.
[The next few lines are in a much more hurried script.]
Bugger. The fun's over. Why did those crazy Japanese have to go and do that? I'm sure Pearl Harbor is lovely; who'd want to bomb it? Bomb Manchester, it'd be a bloody improvement.
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I was called into His Lordship's office to hear Prime Minister Chamberlain's speech. Same boring stuff. "We're beating the Japanese, and it'll be grand now that our cousins are in the fight, wot?" Something like that.
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So the Ambassador tells me to "coordinate with the Americans to provide us with weapons." I've helped with attaches, I know how the game is played, so I ask how we are to get them the money. He says, get this, "What money?" I am completely knackered at this point. Turns out the joke's on me, don't you see, because the Yanks are giving us stuff for free, but we have to "give them back" when we're done with them. How do you give back a bloody exploded shell? Mail them the shrapnel? Oh, the Yanks are getting some lovely bases in Jamaica as part of the deal, which matters not a whit to them. This FDR chap wants us to keep fighting, I'd wager.
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Well, if they'll give us free stuff, I've done my job. Ambassador says I'll be in Washington for the duration of the war now. Suits me, I guess, if they'll keep giving me easy tasks like this one.
Yet not all the news was good. The US entry into the war was offset by the appearance of the entire Japanese carrier fleet in one place: Oosthaven. Despite an almost certain victory, one of the transports was sunk by the Japanese and the remaining Marines returned to Singapore. Batavia was captured, and the Marines there continued to press further inland, but Oosthaven was safe, for the present.


Making matters worse was that the newly victorious Japanese Navy regained its old aggressiveness, and taking a page from Captain Quentin's book, landed in the Malay Peninsula.

Commander William Harris, with the Ark Royal, and Alice Digby exchanged plenty of letters during the period.
Correspondence of William Harris and Alice Digby said:Dearest Alice,
I've got orders to sail to Singapore, my love. I will be delighted to see you again, of course, but I wish we were still in Sumatra. Oosthaven was just about to crack, I swear it, but those damnable carriers... I've never seen so many planes in the air. We gave as good as we got, but sheer numbers can't be beat.
William
Dear Billy,
You may be called upon to help us defend the city. The Japanese have landed, again, near Teluk Anson. The infantry garrison there is making a stand in Kuala Lumpur, and we've called back infantry from Kota Bharu, but I daresay it won't do much good. If they can retake Malay, I shouldn't wonder that Singapore might be next.
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Alice
[There is a gap of a few days in the letters; the next letter from Harris is dated 17 November.]
Dearest Alice,
They've got me flying all sorts of scouting patrols, but it's nothing but practice. We can't do a bloody thing by ourselves. Kuala Lumpur fell, as you probably heard, although the chaps there did a fine job of holding them off. We evacuated most of the city, thank God. A couple of divisions are trying to push south, but the weather is just beastly and their progress is slow. If we lose at Ipoh, there'll be nothing between the Japanese and Kota Bharu.
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We need more men, and that's the truth. I even offered to pick up a rifle and drive those bastards back into the sea, but I was refused. I guess I'll keep flying my recon patrols. Maybe I'll see something that can help, eh? I know we planned on seeing each other this weekend, but I simply can't. Exigencies of the war and such. I hope you understand.
Your Billy
[Alice's reply is dated 23 November. Apparently, they had a bit of a falling out, as the tone of the letter suggests.]
William,
I have heard many a rumor about you flyboys and your dalliances. If you intend to make me such, you may think otherwise. I hear nothing from you for days, and when we have plans, you don't have the decency to ring me up, but you send a letter, which you know I will not receive until much later. I will not tolerate such treatment from you or any other man. I hear Lord Mountbatten is sailing for Singapore and will soon land with some Marines to help us fight. I am sure the Marines know how to treat a lady properly, sir.
Sincerely,
Alice Digby
[William's reply is dated 26 November.]
Dearest Alice,
I just received your last letter. It hurts to read such words. If you imply that I am spending time with other girls, you are mistaken. I am a naval officer, and the demands on my time are considerable. Don't you understand that? I expect your quest for Marines will be frustrated; they're on the move, attacking Johore Bahru in force. We're also transporting some Gurkhas soon, which means the city will be defenseless. I want you to stay brave, Alice, even if you no longer have regard for me. If this works, we should have Malaysia all but secured by the end of the year. If it doesn't, I and my mates will be too dead to care.
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Billy
[The next letter is dated 6 December.]
Dearest Alice,
I must assume from your lack of response that you no longer want anything to do with me. I am saddened, but I understand. However, as I write this, I am injured and I am forwarding some personal effects to you. My plane crashed in the Singapore Strait; I'm not sure why, if there was some kind of mechanical failure or what, but my legs are both broken and I can't do much except write and think. I can share one piece of good news; the Gurkhas are moving on to Teluk Anson; if we retake it, they'll have nowhere to ship their supplies.
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As you and I are no longer getting along, I have no desire to go to Singapore any longer. As soon as I am healthy enough, I will be transferring back to London to await a new assignment. They're going to put some pins in my legs which makes me too dangerous to keep in the air. I hear they are commissioning some new destroyers soon; perhaps I'll get my own command. I can still stand on a deck, even if I can't fly again.
Goodbye, Alice. I hope you find happiness.
Billy
Harris's personal problems aside, the Marines were that extra push needed to pin the Japanese into a corner, and throughout the rest of December and the first week of January, they maneuvered Japan into an untenable position.


In Egypt, 1941 passed without a single German or Hungarian soldier firing on a British one. In fact, most of their tanks were out of fuel; the RAF had done its job beautifully, and although they remained close to British lines, they had no ability to attack.


For the first time, Major General Graham permitted at least the draft stages of a counterattack. He put in a request for some Marines, if any could be found, to retake Tel Aviv while he and his men advanced up the Sinai Peninsula. However, he remained very cautious. It was good that he remained so cautious, as the war became infinitely more complicated on 6 January 1942.

Stalin's surprise attack on Poland left a sickening taste in the mouths of all good Britons. Feverish negotiations had been conducted all throughout the latter stages of 1941 to bring the Soviet Union in, but all attempts were rebuffed. Their foreign minister crowed about the "demise of the capitalist system and glorious world revolution." Poland, of course, had to be liberated first; whether or not the Poles wanted to be liberated was not Stalin's concern. Some observers suggested that Poland was a means to an end, a way to get at the real target of Germany. Prime Minister Chamberlain, however, who had consistently stood up to naked aggression from Hitler, wasted no time in replying, forcefully to Stalin. The battle was joined. The only question that remained was how many people would be alive to see its end.
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In addition to the new CAGs, the most significant addition in this period were some new destroyer flotillas. While some readers would have preferred to see them tasked to ASW, I instead assigned them to screen my Home Fleet Battleships, which will let me put them into more active duty. It should let me pull some more carriers to the Indian Ocean, while still maintaining a relatively relaxed patrol of the British coast. The Japanese concentration of carriers is an extremely tempting target. If I can punch them out, once and for all, that would be an incredible boon to the Pacific campaign. So far, I've lost most of my battles, but some more carriers could shift the balance.One of the little things I did during this update was shift some convoys around to fuel the Lend-Lease stuff. While that worked for a time, I also lost the convoys almost immediately. I think a more focused patrol around Newcastle, especially with my battleships (accompanied by the newest destroyers I've got) might ease the pressure there. Honestly, I'll cancel all the metal convoys if that's what it takes: American IC is, conservatively, double my own capacity on a bad day and right now I'm the only one getting Lend-Lease. (An unexpected bonus to the Soviets fighting against the Allies.) I'd even let the Germans invade Norway if it kept my supply lines open.
Speaking of convoys, I hope within the next few months to finally unlock the Commerce Defense doctrine; I'm not sure how useful it'll be, but it certainly can't hurt. Production wise, I'm still working on cruisers and destroyers, which will also help with ASW. I might also start trying to build a couple new carriers, but only after I've finally given the RAF some more upgrades and maybe finished some paratroopers. Manpower is no longer an issue for me (I'm at 605 right now), so it could also be time to invest in the army in a serious way. More infantry, more Marines, more armored divisions. My actual losses in the war amount to just the two Marine divisions.
Strategically, priority one remains Japan. My bombing has stalled, if not totally stopped the German/Hungarian advance on the Suez Canal. The Soviets pouring through the undefended border with Turkey will complicate their supplies even more. For the moment, unless I can wipe out a massive stack of enemy troops, I'm content to let them stand around and do nothing. If I can sink a couple of Japanese carriers, there should be very little to stop me from wrapping up Indonesia. If I sink all of them (which might be a pipe dream, I know), I'm not sure I'm adventurous enough to try for the Home Islands yet, but it becomes a very attractive possibility. Cutting them off in Indochina or Korea could be a good idea too.
I haven't played since the DOW, and this is a busy weekend for me, so I can't say when I'll get around to it. Please, in the meantime, share your thoughts!
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