Chapter 16: The Caucasus War, and the Birth of Communism (Feb 1882 - Oct 1884)
Three armies had been sent by Livonia to assist the defense of the Caucasus, as the country had not formally declared war against Iraq and wasn’t willing to pour men and money into an insignificant war. As the soldiers travelled towards upper Caucasus, the Iraqi armies started their invasion – Karenia’s armies were scattered across the country, and took many months to travel across the country.
As a way to further show support and help the country defend itself in the future, Livonian capitalists were given permission to begin constructing railroads in Karenia. The funded railways were to be constructed primarily along the border with Livonia and Kiev, although they would be more expansive along the Crimea region. Of course, it was unlikely any of these would be operational before this war had ended, but ideally this would help Livonia’s ally to secure its borders in the future.
As the Livonian armies arrived, they successfully pushed back several of the Iraqi armies which had been probing further into the country. The armies of Iraq were outmatched in terms of weaponry and tactics, but they had one of the largest armies in the world – for the moment though, they were spread out too far to overpower Livonia’s smaller force.
In Africa, Misr’s invasion of Ethiopia ended, with them annexing the remains of the country as well as most of inland Ajuuraan – they refrained from conquering the country’s coast to avoid provoking the English.
After a few months of victory, the Livonian expeditionary force was rattled by the massive amount of Iraqi soldiers that poured into the invasion and forced to regroup.
Over the next coming months, the Iraqi invasion shocked the northern allies – they were advancing on both the Caucasus and northern Persian front, and now had an enormous advantage in numbers. The Livonians hadn’t expected nearly as much of a threat – the military staff had assumed that their superior army would be able to hold the Caucasus mountains while Karenia did most of the fighting in the East, but that turned out to be completely unrealistic.
After one more attempted counterattack, the Livonian armies were pulled out of the front line completely and moved to defend the region near Kiev. The Iraqi forces were simply too large to handle, and the drain on Livonian manpower and finances was far too costly to be worth it.
In March of 1883, the Anglo-American trade war ended when England agreed to America’s restrictive demands. Despite being one of the supreme naval powers in the world, England couldn’t project itself along the American coast like they did almost everywhere else in the world – the rising power in the western hemisphere had proven its ability to protect its interests against the European powers.
Meanwhile, Bavaria found itself in a dreadful position. The country had been dealing with a massive series of revolts in its recently conquered territory for around a year now, and social discontent led to smaller uprisings within the German regions of the country as well. Taking advantage of its weakness, Al-Turkis declared war in order to liberate its land in the Balkans.
One week later, Aquitaine did the same. The country had been routinely humiliated for this entire century, and desperately needed to regain its strength before disaster struck. Despite the unrest in France over reintegration into Aquitaine, there was ironically unrest in some of Aquitaine as well to become part of France – after all, the country was far more prosperous, and protected by Livonia.
The entire region of Aquitaine was a mess in general – there was unrest throughout pretty much all of the territory which had previously been part of Revolutionary Aquitaine – including those lands still within Aquitaine itself. A country which had once shocked the region and dominated the west had now lost much of its old population to foreign countries, and even when Genoa’s conquests in the south were reversed, the country was humiliated once again when the territory was given instead to an independent France, which the Livonians found easier to defend.
Yet Aquitaine’s unrest was simple – France’s problems were far more severe. A confused national identity, corrupt government, and hostile neighbors on all sides put the seemingly prosperous country in dire straits. The popular attempts to overthrow the corrupt new government had failed in the past, but a new movement was developing now – Communism. Inspired by the Socialist revolutionaries across the world, these Communists imagined a much more centralized and aggressive government, able to maintain their power through authoritarian rule, similar to the other monarchies, but still granting freedom to the workers and lower classes.
This new form of Socialism was quickly succeeding the old ones – almost all of the Socialist governments which had been in power across the world in the last decade had collapsed or been replaced, and it seemed the initial movement had failed. Out of the several Soclialist governments during the movement’s peak in the 70’s, only Norvegija remained, with the rest mostly turning to more orthodox Liberalism.
Returning to international politics, the Turkish invasion was quick and successful – thanks to the rebellion, they seized their old land in mere months, and Bavaria quickly surrendered Bosnia before the war escalated any further. Aquitaine was pushing strong along the western front, much stronger than expected, and the Bavarians needed to concentrate their forces to defend the more important land in the west.
England had moved into Ajuuraan after Misr’s invasion was concluded. The country was annexed, and England’s colonies were now connected to the east coast.
In the Caucasus War, the Livonians were taken off guard once again when Iraq declared formal war on them as well – they had already decided to pull out of the conflict in Karenia, but now the Oman colony was being invaded, and the Iraqi navy began engaging colonial trade ships, killing several merchants in the process.
The Livonians were fiercer in their response to this threat – immediately, the African Fleet was sent to destroy the Iraqi Navy – they were chased into the Persian Gulf and annihilated. Iraq was still using the old-fashioned Man-O-War style ships, which were completely obsolete against the Baltic steam-powered raiders using explosive ammunition. Not a single Livonian ship was lost in the battle.
Now that the seas were clear, the colonial army defending Ceylon was transported over. The ensuing counteroffensive was devastating to Iraq – they lost 70,000 men in only a few months, and the remains of their invasion force were trapped in the mountains. Their defensive position was too strong to assault directly, but they had no access to food and would surely starve soon. In order to punish Iraq for their attack, the Livonian armies began marching towards Mecca.
The war was becoming too much for all sides involved by this point – Livonia was distracted by a widespread Anarchist revolt at home, fueled by the recent industry boom which had pushed Livonian industry above England’s. Iraq already occupied their claims in the Caucasus, but they were taking severe attritional losses. In addition, their annihilation in Arabia demoralized the country, and fears over the looting of Mecca were enough to bring them to negotiate.
In October of 1884, peace was agreed to between the two powers. Iraq was given minor territorial gains against Karenia, although they were far less than the country had desired. While Karenia was naturally upset over these losses, the demands were much less severe than they had anticipated, so the country agreed.
The Caucasus War had satisfied nobody, but all three counties were glad to see it end. The unrest in Aquitaine and France was still a concern though, and the Livonian government’s refusal to make serious social changes was only escalating the tension at home. The Livonians continued to intervene across the world, but discontent among their own citizens at home had become their greatest threat.