So if I have followed it correctly this little regional chaos is ending to Argentina's benefit.
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so, now the Confederation is the master of almost all the old Viceroyalty, except for the Patagonia...
Actually we had a War for those territories, but at the time Bolivia was Confederated with Peru: It took CHile, Argentina and some Peruvian traitors to get us out of that xD
Indeed. Profit out of all this Chaos.
If only I didn't need to be a Great Power to have sphere's of Influence in Victoria two, but alas.
Neat.
Second War of the Farrapos
With the war with Uruguay over and order restored to the country. Rosas began to look more into internal matter. During this time research into Trains began for Rosas started to see the possibilities of linking up the country from his interactions with the British. It would take many years to have the same network as the British.
However, the plans for the rail network was placed on hold for on October 5th 1847 Brazil declared war on the Rio Grande do Sul and began their plan to reclaim the break away province. The Rio Grande called the Argentine Confederation to their aid sparking the Second War of the Farrapos.
The Rio Grandese army would be pulled back to Porto Alegre to defend their capital. Meanwhile the Argentine army called for a mobilization of their people. As the army of Argentina mobilized the province of Passo Fundo would be captured by the Brazilians and began to march onto Porto Alegre.
The Argentine and Rio Grandese army would meet the Brazilian army near Porto Algre where after three bloody days of battle, the Argentine and Brazilian army was able to repeal the Brazilian army. This would prompt the empire of Brazil to call up all their people to destroy the Argentine and Rio Grandese armies.
The year of 1848 would be mostly skirmishes. The armies would be fighting here and there mainly in the state of Santa Caterina in Brazil. However near the end of the year, the tide would start to turn as the area became under the control of Argentina and Rio Grande. The major battle during this part of the war was first battle of Lajes.
This would prompt the Brazilian army to seek in 1849 direct battle with the Argentine and Rio Grandese. This would prompt a number battles. The first and second battles of Sao Miguel would be waged as well as the second battle of Lajes. All of which would result in victory for the Argentina and Rio Grande.
These victories would prompt the Argentine army to march onto Sao Paulo. With the fall of Sao Paulo on November 18th 1849 would lead the Brazilian government to look at peace. The was fear within the Brazilian government that they would march on Rio de Janeiro So peace was sought. The peace would take a number of months. However on February 15th peace was signed with the treaty of Porto Alegre. The treaty forced the Brazilian government to formally recognize republic of Rio Grande do Sul.
In the midst of all this war, Domingo Faustino Sarmiento published Facundo: Civilization and Barbarism. The book became rather influential throughout the country. The book would be one that criticizes the Rosas regime and aligns itself clearly with the Unitarians faction within Argentine politics.
During the war the it helped to increase the power and prestige of Justo Jose de Urquiza. All the victories were done by Urquiza. With the war over and his popularity rising higher and higher, he would deliver an ultimatum that would force a new conflict within the Confederation.
With the war with Uruguay over and order restored to the country. Rosas began to look more into internal matter. During this time research into Trains began for Rosas started to see the possibilities of linking up the country from his interactions with the British. It would take many years to have the same network as the British.
However, the plans for the rail network was placed on hold for on October 5th 1847 Brazil declared war on the Rio Grande do Sul and began their plan to reclaim the break away province. The Rio Grande called the Argentine Confederation to their aid sparking the Second War of the Farrapos.
The Rio Grandese army would be pulled back to Porto Alegre to defend their capital. Meanwhile the Argentine army called for a mobilization of their people. As the army of Argentina mobilized the province of Passo Fundo would be captured by the Brazilians and began to march onto Porto Alegre.
The Argentine and Rio Grandese army would meet the Brazilian army near Porto Algre where after three bloody days of battle, the Argentine and Brazilian army was able to repeal the Brazilian army. This would prompt the empire of Brazil to call up all their people to destroy the Argentine and Rio Grandese armies.
The year of 1848 would be mostly skirmishes. The armies would be fighting here and there mainly in the state of Santa Caterina in Brazil. However near the end of the year, the tide would start to turn as the area became under the control of Argentina and Rio Grande. The major battle during this part of the war was first battle of Lajes.
This would prompt the Brazilian army to seek in 1849 direct battle with the Argentine and Rio Grandese. This would prompt a number battles. The first and second battles of Sao Miguel would be waged as well as the second battle of Lajes. All of which would result in victory for the Argentina and Rio Grande.
These victories would prompt the Argentine army to march onto Sao Paulo. With the fall of Sao Paulo on November 18th 1849 would lead the Brazilian government to look at peace. The was fear within the Brazilian government that they would march on Rio de Janeiro So peace was sought. The peace would take a number of months. However on February 15th peace was signed with the treaty of Porto Alegre. The treaty forced the Brazilian government to formally recognize republic of Rio Grande do Sul.
In the midst of all this war, Domingo Faustino Sarmiento published Facundo: Civilization and Barbarism. The book became rather influential throughout the country. The book would be one that criticizes the Rosas regime and aligns itself clearly with the Unitarians faction within Argentine politics.
During the war the it helped to increase the power and prestige of Justo Jose de Urquiza. All the victories were done by Urquiza. With the war over and his popularity rising higher and higher, he would deliver an ultimatum that would force a new conflict within the Confederation.
well lets see if we can do something about that and bring an end to all this civil war.
For Argentina!
The Platine War and Constitution of 1852
With Urquiza’s demand laid before Rosas, he could accept the demands or he could refuse them. He chose the later knowing full well this spelled war, but such treason would not be accepted in Argentina. This refusal made everyone concerned in the neighboring countries. Another cycle of the civil war could easily spill over to their countries.
So both sides began to make preparations for the struggle that was to come. Both sides worked with more reactionary members in their government to increase the conscription size. Rosas would also encourage the countries research to be dedicated to military research in preparation for the conflict.
However, just as important for Rosas and Urquiza was the diplomatic offensive. Both knew that allies would be needed. They both made overturns to the allies of Argentina: Bolivia, Uruguay and the Rio Grande but also the other neighboring countries.
The Republic of Chile which had so far enjoyed uninterrupted peace since the end of their war with the Peru-Bolivian Confederation informed Rosas that they would remain neutral. The Empire of Brazil and the republic of Paraguay offered their support to Urquiza mainly in an effort to see Argentina weak. The republics of Bolivia, and the Rio Grande and Uruguay offered their support to Rosas.
On April 5th 1851 the war that everyone was preparing for broke out in the open and all the members of the army for both side would be called forth. However despite the allies both made, the war would be limited to just Rosas and Urquizia, which brought relief to Rosas and worry to Urquiza.
To make up for this, Urquiza would send his army directly to Buenos Aires. If the city could be captured then it would be a major coup for Urquiza and spell disaster for Rosas and might entice others to support Urquiza over Rosas directly.
Thus the Battle of Buenos Aires would begin on April 20th, the battle would be fought near the city. However though it looked for some time that Urquiza’s gambit was about to pay off when it looked like the battle started to go the way of Urquiza’s force however Rosas’ General Jose de la Plaza would rally his forces and deliver Rosas a decisive victory.
This victory would lead to the battle of Sancti Spirtu on July 5th 1851 where another decisive battle would be given thanks to the command of Angel Pacheco who uterly destroyed the army of Entre Rios that was sent to take the region. This meant that Entre Rios was open to the forces of Rosas.
So December 21st the capital city of Entre Rios, Parana, would be captured by the forces of Rosas. The fall of this city meant that the war was all but over. It would take several months to effectively end the rebellion by Justo Jose de Urquiza. However on March 11th 1852 the war came to an end. Urquiza and his main supporters would be tried and found guilty of treason against Argentina and executed for their actions.
With this victory Rosas had a chance that no one else had to effectively alter the nature of Argentina by himself. No one knew what framework Rosas was going to go with. Was he going to stay as a de facto presidential dictator, would he bring democracy to Argentina, would he follow in the footsteps of Napoleon and crown himself King, no one knew for sure though many had ideas as to what the future would bring.
In the end the May 10th Constitution would be arguably Rosas greatest Triumph. Political franchise was open up to all those whom were middle class and above. It established a republic in the framework similar to the United States of America, with its separation of power and checks and balances. Most importantly, a central part of the new Constitution was its federal character which was reflected in the country’s new official name – Federal Republic of Argentina. Though despite the checks and balances, power would still lay in the President. The president would be elected by direct popular vote every four years with the senate deciding on the president in case of a tie. The senate would be based on the population, with the provinces that have the more people having more senators. This would give quite a bit of power and influence to Buenos Aires to remain as the dominate province within the Republic.
Rosas whom during the civil wars had clamped down on Freedom of the press and used his secret police to keep control would reverse course with the constitution and establish the freedom of the press. The constitution would finally abolish slavery once and for all. As part of the constitution the flag of Argentina would be changed, the blue would be lightened to Azur blue and the Phrygian caps in the corners would be removed.
[the new flag of Argentina]
This would come as a shock to many within Argentina that expected Rosas to either keep power for himself or worse follow in the footsteps of Napoleon. Instead he established a new constitution that made Democracy come to Argentina. Where before people were decrying Rosas as a tyrant and liking him to Roman Emperors, now he was compared to the roman Cincinnatus and the American George Washington.
However, Rosas aimed to avoid the years of civil wars for good and to that end he achieved what many thought he could not, restore stability to Argentina. That was the goal inherent in the Constitution. Following in the footsteps of Napoleon or holding all power to himself would very likely continue the cycle of civil wars. He may be able to hold power, but would his successor in either scenario? Rosas believed they would not and thus one would need a new constitution to put an end to this cycle of civil war once and for all.
With the signing of the constitution, the first elections would be called for. Rosas appointed successor Nazario Benavídez whom had been one of Rosas loyal supporters, a top military man and governor of San Juan province. The sheer popularity for Rosas and his new constitution all but guaranteed that Nazario Benavídez would win the election. It also helped that Benavídez was respected by nearly everyone. Even Domingo Faustino Sarmiento, author of Facundo, whom remained a staunch liberal critic of Rosas respected Benavídez
[Nazario Benavídez the new president of Argentina]
However Rosas was able to secure one final victory for himself diplomatically before handing the future off to Nazario Benavídez. Due to the various civil wars going on in Argentina following independence, the Spanish government was unable to formally recognize Argentina’s independence. However, Rosas sent Mariano Severo Balcarce as a diplomat to Spain and successfully was able to sign the treaty of Madrid that established formal relations between Argentina and Spain.
With Urquiza’s demand laid before Rosas, he could accept the demands or he could refuse them. He chose the later knowing full well this spelled war, but such treason would not be accepted in Argentina. This refusal made everyone concerned in the neighboring countries. Another cycle of the civil war could easily spill over to their countries.
So both sides began to make preparations for the struggle that was to come. Both sides worked with more reactionary members in their government to increase the conscription size. Rosas would also encourage the countries research to be dedicated to military research in preparation for the conflict.
However, just as important for Rosas and Urquiza was the diplomatic offensive. Both knew that allies would be needed. They both made overturns to the allies of Argentina: Bolivia, Uruguay and the Rio Grande but also the other neighboring countries.
The Republic of Chile which had so far enjoyed uninterrupted peace since the end of their war with the Peru-Bolivian Confederation informed Rosas that they would remain neutral. The Empire of Brazil and the republic of Paraguay offered their support to Urquiza mainly in an effort to see Argentina weak. The republics of Bolivia, and the Rio Grande and Uruguay offered their support to Rosas.
On April 5th 1851 the war that everyone was preparing for broke out in the open and all the members of the army for both side would be called forth. However despite the allies both made, the war would be limited to just Rosas and Urquizia, which brought relief to Rosas and worry to Urquiza.
To make up for this, Urquiza would send his army directly to Buenos Aires. If the city could be captured then it would be a major coup for Urquiza and spell disaster for Rosas and might entice others to support Urquiza over Rosas directly.
Thus the Battle of Buenos Aires would begin on April 20th, the battle would be fought near the city. However though it looked for some time that Urquiza’s gambit was about to pay off when it looked like the battle started to go the way of Urquiza’s force however Rosas’ General Jose de la Plaza would rally his forces and deliver Rosas a decisive victory.
This victory would lead to the battle of Sancti Spirtu on July 5th 1851 where another decisive battle would be given thanks to the command of Angel Pacheco who uterly destroyed the army of Entre Rios that was sent to take the region. This meant that Entre Rios was open to the forces of Rosas.
So December 21st the capital city of Entre Rios, Parana, would be captured by the forces of Rosas. The fall of this city meant that the war was all but over. It would take several months to effectively end the rebellion by Justo Jose de Urquiza. However on March 11th 1852 the war came to an end. Urquiza and his main supporters would be tried and found guilty of treason against Argentina and executed for their actions.
With this victory Rosas had a chance that no one else had to effectively alter the nature of Argentina by himself. No one knew what framework Rosas was going to go with. Was he going to stay as a de facto presidential dictator, would he bring democracy to Argentina, would he follow in the footsteps of Napoleon and crown himself King, no one knew for sure though many had ideas as to what the future would bring.
In the end the May 10th Constitution would be arguably Rosas greatest Triumph. Political franchise was open up to all those whom were middle class and above. It established a republic in the framework similar to the United States of America, with its separation of power and checks and balances. Most importantly, a central part of the new Constitution was its federal character which was reflected in the country’s new official name – Federal Republic of Argentina. Though despite the checks and balances, power would still lay in the President. The president would be elected by direct popular vote every four years with the senate deciding on the president in case of a tie. The senate would be based on the population, with the provinces that have the more people having more senators. This would give quite a bit of power and influence to Buenos Aires to remain as the dominate province within the Republic.
Rosas whom during the civil wars had clamped down on Freedom of the press and used his secret police to keep control would reverse course with the constitution and establish the freedom of the press. The constitution would finally abolish slavery once and for all. As part of the constitution the flag of Argentina would be changed, the blue would be lightened to Azur blue and the Phrygian caps in the corners would be removed.
[the new flag of Argentina]
This would come as a shock to many within Argentina that expected Rosas to either keep power for himself or worse follow in the footsteps of Napoleon. Instead he established a new constitution that made Democracy come to Argentina. Where before people were decrying Rosas as a tyrant and liking him to Roman Emperors, now he was compared to the roman Cincinnatus and the American George Washington.
However, Rosas aimed to avoid the years of civil wars for good and to that end he achieved what many thought he could not, restore stability to Argentina. That was the goal inherent in the Constitution. Following in the footsteps of Napoleon or holding all power to himself would very likely continue the cycle of civil wars. He may be able to hold power, but would his successor in either scenario? Rosas believed they would not and thus one would need a new constitution to put an end to this cycle of civil war once and for all.
With the signing of the constitution, the first elections would be called for. Rosas appointed successor Nazario Benavídez whom had been one of Rosas loyal supporters, a top military man and governor of San Juan province. The sheer popularity for Rosas and his new constitution all but guaranteed that Nazario Benavídez would win the election. It also helped that Benavídez was respected by nearly everyone. Even Domingo Faustino Sarmiento, author of Facundo, whom remained a staunch liberal critic of Rosas respected Benavídez
[Nazario Benavídez the new president of Argentina]
However Rosas was able to secure one final victory for himself diplomatically before handing the future off to Nazario Benavídez. Due to the various civil wars going on in Argentina following independence, the Spanish government was unable to formally recognize Argentina’s independence. However, Rosas sent Mariano Severo Balcarce as a diplomat to Spain and successfully was able to sign the treaty of Madrid that established formal relations between Argentina and Spain.
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So a fresh start for internal Argentine politics. Can they free themselves from the chaos of the past - time will tell.
Should have went for Monarchy. You will still get solid immigration and you will have control over ruling parties. Good luck when the Liberals take power
Rosas retires and enjoys a nice bit of retirement and consequently has a much greater reputation in Argentina.
Let us hope that I don't have to deal with the most feared of vicky enemies, anarcho-liberal rebels
Should have went for Monarchy. You will still get solid immigration and you will have control over ruling parties. Good luck when the Liberals take power
I honestly was tempted to go for the Monarchy but the Argentine Monarchist flag that HFM/HPM uses isn't that good IMO.
Sorry for the lack of updates, blame the holidays. But I should have the next chapter up by this weekend.
Oh glorious South America -- the forgotten continent in Victoria, but with several countries with so so much potential!
Looking forward to the post-holiday respite to allow you update again. Definitely looking forward to more.
Cheers!
Looking forward to the post-holiday respite to allow you update again. Definitely looking forward to more.
Cheers!
Nazario Benavídez’s First Term in Office
Nazario Benavídez would enter congress with two things immediately obvious. First he was immense popular and respected. One of the early successes of Benavídez that helped show his popularity was the fact that Cochinoca taken in the war against the Peru-Bolivian Confederation was finally pacified in may of 1853. The new flag of Buenos Aires was flying proudly in the far off mountainous province.
The second thing was that Argentina had spent herself on waging the devastating civil wars. If Argentina was to take her place in the world, the economy would need to be built up. Argentina’s economy wasn’t geared toward being at peace. One of the first things Benavídez would do to help fix the economy would be to support capitalists. Argentina was going to need titans of industry now that it was at peace. So research would be focused on economics and industry.
The economy itself had to be changed. Notably the military expenditure was decreased. While this was disappointing to the army, a lowering of taxes over all helped ease the burden of the loss of funds. The goal was so that the lower military expenditure would off set the taxes.
Part of his industrialization program was to attract immigrants and invite them to Argentina. More people would be needed for the construction of railroads and factories. Boosting Trade with the rest of South America, and the rest of the world in general was another key part of his trade policy.
There was quite a number of Germans, particularly from the southern German states that would immigrate to Argentina. By this time the Revolutions of 1848 in Europe were dying down and the German states were busy suppressing the revolutionaries. This meant far more decided to head across the sea to the countries in the Americas, including Argentina. Though Germans were not the only ones to embark to Argentina. Another large group were the Italians would also flock to the country. Driven for a similar reason as the Germans due to the revolutions of 1848.
Regardless of whom was coming to Argentina many would settle down in Buenos Aires but many would also go into the countryside. As many were skilled in trades, it was not surprising that many of these foreign artisans would set up shop in many of the cities of the country side in particular the city of Cordoba de Argentina. Some would also go south and become Gauchos, similar to the American Cowboys.
Thankfully for Benavídez this effect would have the desired effect. The economy would slowly but surely started to recover. While there was still a long way to go, it would still help to improve the economy. However there were two other major events that would become issues for Benavídez during his first term. One foreign and one domestic.
The first was that in June of 1853 Brazil would wage war upon Paraguay. To Paraguay’s aide was the Republic of Chile. Chile would ask for Military access to reach Paraguay. Argentina had spent the last several decades fighting and now she wanted nothing more then peace. However there was still a desire to not let Brazil grow to strong. So the Military access would be granted. Notably though no money would be spent to finance Paraguay’s war against Brazil. Argentina needed that money for her own defense.
The second issue was that an outbreak of Tuberculosis would afflict Buenos Aires in July of 1855. Benavídez and the cabinet would have to be relocated to Parana to avoid being afflicted by the disease. The outbreak would be one of the worst in Buenos Aires’ history. It was assumed at the time that one of the reasons for the outbreak of Tuberculosis was due to the immigrants that were arriving into Argentina. However this did not change Benavídez immigration policy.
While the outbreak would end not long after it ended. Benavídez would urge research into medical sciences. Argentina’s medical knowledge would need to be improved in order to try and avoid another outbreak.
As 1856 came around the second elections would be held and Nazario Benavídez would coast to an easy victory and be re-elected with a massive amount of support. The second term for Benavídez looked good. It helped that during the election, Paraguay surrendered to Brazil losing some of their northern territory. This removed the potential of a spill over into Argentina removed from the picture and thus the concern of the military budget cuts became less of an issue.
Nazario Benavídez would enter congress with two things immediately obvious. First he was immense popular and respected. One of the early successes of Benavídez that helped show his popularity was the fact that Cochinoca taken in the war against the Peru-Bolivian Confederation was finally pacified in may of 1853. The new flag of Buenos Aires was flying proudly in the far off mountainous province.
The second thing was that Argentina had spent herself on waging the devastating civil wars. If Argentina was to take her place in the world, the economy would need to be built up. Argentina’s economy wasn’t geared toward being at peace. One of the first things Benavídez would do to help fix the economy would be to support capitalists. Argentina was going to need titans of industry now that it was at peace. So research would be focused on economics and industry.
The economy itself had to be changed. Notably the military expenditure was decreased. While this was disappointing to the army, a lowering of taxes over all helped ease the burden of the loss of funds. The goal was so that the lower military expenditure would off set the taxes.
Part of his industrialization program was to attract immigrants and invite them to Argentina. More people would be needed for the construction of railroads and factories. Boosting Trade with the rest of South America, and the rest of the world in general was another key part of his trade policy.
There was quite a number of Germans, particularly from the southern German states that would immigrate to Argentina. By this time the Revolutions of 1848 in Europe were dying down and the German states were busy suppressing the revolutionaries. This meant far more decided to head across the sea to the countries in the Americas, including Argentina. Though Germans were not the only ones to embark to Argentina. Another large group were the Italians would also flock to the country. Driven for a similar reason as the Germans due to the revolutions of 1848.
Regardless of whom was coming to Argentina many would settle down in Buenos Aires but many would also go into the countryside. As many were skilled in trades, it was not surprising that many of these foreign artisans would set up shop in many of the cities of the country side in particular the city of Cordoba de Argentina. Some would also go south and become Gauchos, similar to the American Cowboys.
Thankfully for Benavídez this effect would have the desired effect. The economy would slowly but surely started to recover. While there was still a long way to go, it would still help to improve the economy. However there were two other major events that would become issues for Benavídez during his first term. One foreign and one domestic.
The first was that in June of 1853 Brazil would wage war upon Paraguay. To Paraguay’s aide was the Republic of Chile. Chile would ask for Military access to reach Paraguay. Argentina had spent the last several decades fighting and now she wanted nothing more then peace. However there was still a desire to not let Brazil grow to strong. So the Military access would be granted. Notably though no money would be spent to finance Paraguay’s war against Brazil. Argentina needed that money for her own defense.
The second issue was that an outbreak of Tuberculosis would afflict Buenos Aires in July of 1855. Benavídez and the cabinet would have to be relocated to Parana to avoid being afflicted by the disease. The outbreak would be one of the worst in Buenos Aires’ history. It was assumed at the time that one of the reasons for the outbreak of Tuberculosis was due to the immigrants that were arriving into Argentina. However this did not change Benavídez immigration policy.
While the outbreak would end not long after it ended. Benavídez would urge research into medical sciences. Argentina’s medical knowledge would need to be improved in order to try and avoid another outbreak.
As 1856 came around the second elections would be held and Nazario Benavídez would coast to an easy victory and be re-elected with a massive amount of support. The second term for Benavídez looked good. It helped that during the election, Paraguay surrendered to Brazil losing some of their northern territory. This removed the potential of a spill over into Argentina removed from the picture and thus the concern of the military budget cuts became less of an issue.
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Thanks I am enjoying my holidays.
Thanks for subscribing. I hope that you enjoy this AAR.
Also sorry for this chapter not including any pictures. Next chapter will focus more on the internal politics as new parties are formed.
Quite excellent for Argentina. However, I'm quite curious as to what is happening else where in the world will there be a update on that situation?
So peace reigns for a moment, and they are making good use of it. But one wonders how long that peace will last - the history of the region has not been exactly placid so far.