Chapter I: The Red March through Asia. (Part III)
"National partition is a sorrow that touches all koreans, but for me it is brought to the fore by unimaginable personal suffering." - Park Geun-hye, former president of the Republic of Korea.
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Jeju City, Republic of Korea. ~ June 19th, 2018.
Madeleine Wallace was enjoying her trip to Korea, the country was wonderful and there were several things to enjoy all over the nation. Her journey was close to it's end, after Jeju she was going to return once more to Busan and then back home; towards Australia.
There were several things that Madeleine liked at the peninsula and she got quite impressed after seeing all the development they had, she read that Korea was basically a third world country decades ago but seeing cities like Seoul, Pyongyang, Busan and Sinuiju could make someone think it always was developed.
"I really liked the bridge at the Yalu river, I didn't expect the police to allow me to enter into China, after all, it's another country... but it was impressive when they told me that tourism laws were quite different in that part of the Republic of China." ~ Madeleine thought while watching her phone, she took some nice pictures at Dandong. She bought some gifts for her sisters, after all, they insisted on that for days before she left home. "Darwin's nice, but I wouldn't complain if I had to stay." ~ she thought and seconds after that she smiled for herself.
"I already want to come back, I heard that Pyongyang's new airport will be finished next year, several rail networks, highways and ports have been expanded in this years. It's so interesting, after all, dad has always said it: Infrastructure is the same as arteries and veins for an organism." ~ his father was a logistical engineer for a british company, she was interested in that but her true passion was for international relations, specially the diverse areas it studied.
She was walking towards her hotel room, her luggage was there but suddenly her phone started to ring.
"Maddie, why aren't you answering the phone?" ~ her dad said. "Have you seen the news? It's official, the korean and japanese governments have agreed to start the undersea project!"
Those were some impressive news, Japan and Korea had been negotiating for several years the project to connect Japan and the peninsula, several cities were considered and numerous proposals were made, finally there was a definitive route for the project.
The proposed and accepted route was the following:
Karatsu - Iki island - Tsushima island - Busan; the favoured design was a combination bridge from Karatsu to Iki island followed by a tunnel (60km) to the central portion of Tsushima island and the last part was another tunnel (68km) towards Busan. An expensive project, however, both governments agreed that it was the best choice and that economic benefits would prove it.
Meanwhile, Madeleine closed her browser, the news took her by surprise.
"Well, when that project is finished I'm go travel through it. It will be amazing, my favourite countries connected."
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Modern History: Korea. - Wade Barnett.
The 1st Battle of the Busan Perimeter; at the height of the battle over 250,000 soldiers were engaged in the battle, it finished on August 5th after the North Korean supply lines suffered a heavy pounding from USAF's bombers.
The situation was quite complex, rumours spread that the army would eventually collapse and even the american officers thought the same. The morale was shattered, the army was so disorganized and corruption in the army and government was crushing all possibilities left for the Republic of Korea; however, MacArthur and other americans were decided on their goal, Korea wouldn't fall and communism wouldn't spread any further.
There were several factors behind the failed north korean offensive; american reinforcements, weakened forces, complex logistics and overextended supply lines. The South was at risk too, however, the tide was turning and several soldiers noticed that along the population and soon the army begun a counteroffensive in order to dislodge north korean positions; the result was the end of the 1st Battle against the Busan Perimeter.
However, the amount of casualties was quite high, considering that the battle didn't last a month.
The 1st Battle of the Busan Perimeter finished on August 5th, the results took everyone by surprise. There were several casualties but at the end, the KPA advance was finally halted, giving MacArthur the chance to realize his rushed plan.
The KPA fought with courage but their morale was already low, thousands of soldiers were starving and many others were already tired of the continuous march southwards, the supply lines were getting destroyed by USAF's bombers. It was evident for everyone, the tide turned against North Korea while the ROK Army regained their strength as the americans prepared for MacArthur's plan.
Several thousands of soldiers were getting ready to continue the counteroffensive against the KPA as their positions were tenuous, their supplies couldn't arrive, reinforcements weren't coming and morale was buried.
The Great Coalition was preparing to advance against the crumbling forces of the north korean regime, the USAF was also prepared and ready to launch the operations in order to support their allies but suddenly they got calls for support against a KPA offensive.
They were tired, starving, injured or worse but they wouldn't stop yet and that's how the Second Battle of Busan started; in August 7th the KPA tried to reorganize, they were partially successful in doing so and their results proved how bad the situation was for them.
The beginning of the second battle was the sign that MacArthur was waiting for, the KPA wouldn't surrender easily and he had a task; he decided that only through a direct attack against their supply lines would they retreat. His plan was on march, "Rushed", "Without clear goals" said some commanders but no one doubted totally about MacArthur's abilities-
That's how the Inchon landing took place, August 13th was the right day, with only a shattered KPA division at Seoul and several ROK regiments resisting the occupation, it would be evident that the world was turning upside down for the north koreans.
On August 13th, 1950 the american offensive at Inchon took place. Two divisions of american marines landed and they eventually advanced towards Seoul, freeing the city with the cooperation of ROK Army regiments left behind during The Great Retreat.
The american offensive at Inchon took place as a direct response to the Second Battle of the Busan Perimeter, the main goals were cutting the KPA supply lines and forcing them to retreat; those were the priorities as the North Korean Army would eventually crumble giving the Coalition time enough to organize the greatest offensive of the war. But they had learn several lessions from the KPA advance, specially the logistics challenge in the peninsula and soon the truck production in Japan turned into a priority helping the japanese economy to recover from the expensive years of war.
Planes, trucks, ships, everything was getting ready; the offensive northwards would begin soon it was only a matter of time.
When news of the landing at Inchon and the fall of Seoul arrived to the south a mixed response took place; joyous ones from the troops at Busan and fear from the KPA. Their lines were cut and now they had to retreat and quckly, the USAF and the Coalition wouldn't give them much time to recover and on August 17th the Second Battle of the Busan Perimeter finished with estimated casualties being around 25,000 KPA troops and 8,000 from the Coalition.
The landing at Inchon and the advance towards Seoul caused panic through all the ranks of the KPA, there was a huge chance of getting encircled. Just after the end of the 2nd Battle of Busan the offensive northwards took place first against Daegu as several KPA divisions were kept at Gwangju; east of Busan.
The offensive against Daegu begun in favour of the attackers, however, as troops left Gwangju towards the north the reinforcements managed to turn the tide in a small way. The south korean morale was recovering slowly, the north korean one was so low but they were quite prepared for a counteroffensive.
The results were obvious but the KPA was at least capable of inflicting more casualties to the Coalition, several KPA officers even thought they could organize a third advance against Busan. However, the marines at Seoul along the ROK Army regiments left chose to organize an attack to distract the KPA and spread fear through their forces.
Soon a small and limited offensive took place against Daejeon, it eventually caused the collapse of the KPA and their retreat towards Chuncheon. But that wasn't going to be the end, soon motorized units at Busan gave chase against their enemy. The KPA were superior in numbers but their morale and organization was totally crushed, soon USAF started a bombing campaign to support the few units advancing against the KPA, the marines stopped their offensive towards Daejeon and after several movements chose to attack the troops at Chuncheon too in order to support the motorized troops giving chase to their enemies.
The battleplan was forged, the main priority was freeing South Korea and after that the commanders were divided. Some thought that after freeing the south they should just stay in defensive positions at the border, respecting the status quo ante bellum, however, MacArthur and the majority agreed that the threat had to be dealt with once and for all; only total victory would be accepted.
By August 23th the south korean offensive began, Chuncheon and Gwangju were the main objectives, securing South Korea was a priority and only after that would they advance northwards.
The KPA was in a general retreat northwards, their supply lines collapsed and several thousands were captured when Daejeon fell, estimate numbers from those captured are between 25,000-30,000.
Several divisions were destroyed, thousands were killed or captured by the Coalition's advance. It took time, but finally, by September 9th the South was free from the northern occupation. Several prisoners of war were taken but they weren't the only ones.
Syngman Rhee ordered several round ups against lelftist sectors of the population, he begun a purge against all of those associated with the left and even those that weren't linked to them.
His chance to get rid of his political opponents and many of those collaborators with the communist forces; the turning tide was a blessing for South Korea but it caused chaos for her population as the anti-communist rhetoric that plagued the government in the years before the war got quite high after KPA was expelled.
The situation in the Korean Peninsula by September 9th, MacArthur's plan was the reason for the success. The USAF heavily supported the offensive northwards: MacArthur was sure of his plan, the north was going to pay for their mistake.
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Casualties during the offensive towards the north, the broken lines of the KPA allowed a quick advance.
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Apologies for taking so long to update!
I recently bought Rise of Nations, sheesh, it's a good game (but I'm having issues with it...
)
Anyways...
Here's the second update and soon we'll be heading north.
My narrations with characters are a bit short because I have to write them in advance and it takes me more time as I have to translate my ideas, reorder sentences and all of that.
But soon I'll post an interlude, however, I'm unsure about writing it on 2018 or 1950...
Anyways, I hope you enjoy it!