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Dev Diary #145 - Legends & Legitimacy

Hello and welcome to the first of our feature breakdown Development Diaries! I'm a game designer on Crusader Kings 3 and I surely hope that you have a nice cup of coffee next to you and the will to read for a while, as today's entry is on the chonkier side! Today we will talk about Legends, Legitimacy, and the Art behind Legends of the Dead.

So, let's get right into it! Legends!


Legends​


We've already covered the original reasoning behind legends in our previous Vision Dev Diary, but to go over it quickly (and in a very oversimplified manner) again: medieval people really loved legends, and above all of them, rulers really loved legends. One of the first times we ever hear of King Arthur is in Geoffrey of Monmouth's Historia Regum Britanniae, which is, as the name says, a list of the kings of Britain.

The Plantagenet kings of England quickly latched onto the figure of Arthur as a legitimizing tool. This was partly a reaction to the German and French (specially the Capetians), that exalted their connection to Charlemagne in this "race for historic-mythical sponsorship" as the medieval historian Jacques Le Goff writes. All across Europe, medieval monarchs scrambled to find an older, more heroic figure, that would secure the throne for their dynasty.

And now, so can you!

Legends have a Type and Quality level. Because no legend can be entirely mundane, they start at Famed, then Illustrious and finally Mythical, each of them giving out progressively more powerful rewards; you can increase the quality of the legend when it has spread far enough, including having to extend outside of your realm.

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[Image: Rewards for completing a Famed Legitimizing legend]

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[Image: Rewards for completing a Mythical Legitimizing legend]

As for the Types, Legends can be Heroic, Holy or Legitimizing.

Heroic legends give additional Prestige modifiers and other thematic rewards that reflect your heroism, like the decision of launching a Legendary Adventure, or Demand Local Submission.

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[Image showing one of the special Heroic Legend rewards]

Holy legends are focused around Piety and are greatly inspired by medieval hagiographies, specifically the Golden Legend, allowing the Protagonist to even gain the Saint at the highest levels, if the appropriate Dynasty Perk has been unlocked.

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[Image showing one of the Dynasty Perks for the new Heroic Bloodline Dynasty Legacy, focused on Legends]

Lastly, Legitimizing legends will give you double the amount of Legitimacy and allow you to get new, powerful claims to expand your realm, as shown in the rewards above.

You also can, of course, choose the Legend Protagonist, the author of these heroic deeds. Among the possible options are your relatives (even if dead) and choosing someone other than yourself will also grant you extra Legitimacy, so you can dedicate your legend to your dragon-hunting grandpa.

But how can you start a legend? Well, every legend is born from a Legend Seed. Some characters start with historical seeds on game start, like the Capetians Heirs of Charlegmane, or the Hunnic Heritage, available for Nomadic cultures that claim to be descended from Attila himself.

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[Image: The Heirs of Charlemagne legend seed]

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[Image: Hunnic Heritage legend seed]

However, this is not the only way to get legend seeds, as winning important wars, hunting a legendary animal, and taking major decisions are also some of the most common ways of getting one.

Even hiring a capable Court Chronicler and paying them enough gold can manage to… make an ancient document appear mentioning your long-lasting dynasty.

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[Image: Mending the Great Schism will grant you a Holy Legend seed]

But supporting a legend is not only beneficial for its owner, as becoming a promoter (a much cheaper alternative) will also grant you special bonuses, as well as helping the legend spread on your lands - the higher quality the legend, the bigger the rewards for you too.

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[Image: Promoter bonuses]

While you spread your legend, you'll get flavor events of both people reacting to your legend in different manners along with your Chronicler and courtiers fervently asking you to recount the story just once more, my liege, making it possible to introduce… ehem… minor alterations to the text.

Use the new Court Position Tasks to make your Musicians and Poets sing your legend to make it easier to spread inside your realm, or get them to try and convince supporters abroad!

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[Image: Court Musician performing the new Extol Domestic Legend task]

Turn your legend into an artifact, celebrate a feast in its honor, or simply enjoy the control boosts from having it spread over people that now believe you a hero. Legends were a core part of the medieval world, a powerful tool to root your power in something greater than you.

"Lineage and geste are synonymous, as the epic cycle constitutes itself according to a pattern of affiliation between families of heroes and families of poems." (R. Howard Bloch, 1983: 94).

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[And here it was written, Paradox Forum, 20th of February, 2024 AD.]


Legitimacy​

For Legitimacy our aim was to put together a measurement of different systems that already existed in the game, but were not directly connected to each other: Short Reign penalties, Popular Opinion, Vassalization and Marriage acceptance, etc. The game was already trying to reflect how legitimate of a ruler you were, but was trying to do so with Prestige and Renown in non consistent ways. Prestige is a reflection of the social influence of the character, not an indication of them being the "right" person to the throne - you can be a highly prestigious king of the Capetian dynasty, but should you be the emperor of Byzantium?

Legitimacy and its effects scale with title tier. It's not the same being a level 5 Emperor - where everyone expects you to be the right person for the job - than a level 5 Duke, where everyone is impressed with your overachieving.

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[Images: Count with Legitimacy level 0 and 5]

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[Images: Emperor with Legitimacy level 0 and 5]

It's also easier to go up and down levels the lower your tier, as it's harder to convince people once they've formed an idea of who their king is.

Legitimacy also scales with the in the game era, and the levels are smaller in the Tribal and Early Medieval eras.

Legitimacy is calculated through a series of factors, mainly attached to who you are in relation to your title: the level of splendor of your dynasty, how long you've been on the throne, who your parents were (are you the child of kings or just random lowborns?), your traits, being a bastard, etc. When you die, a part of your legitimacy will be passed down to your heir, but they will get a calculation of their own based on who they are - it's not the same to have your firstborn inherit than a third cousin.

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[Image: The Sayyid traits increases your Legitimacy]

Legitimacy can be gained through various means that will reassure the public opinion that you have the right to be in the throne: legends, for one, are one of the main ways to gain it. Holding activities, holding court, and doing what's expected of a ruler will also help increase it, as well as winning wars - but this will also be relative, as it's not the same to win a war against a Duke as an Emperor than be the Duke beating up the Emperor.

Legitimacy can also be lost. Losing battles, especially to factions (and especially to Claimant factions) will make you look pretty bad, or even managing to have a Peasant Rebellion appear will signify that you're not taking good care of your subjects. Rulers were also blamed for plagues, as the representatives of God on earth, so allowing them to hit your capital will also make you appear less legitimate in the eyes of your vassals. Disinheriting or forcing kids to take the vows also exposes a ruler that doesn't take good care of their dynasty and will also make you lose Legitimacy.

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[Image: Disinheriting your heir will cost you more Legitimacy]

Your vassals, of course, have Expectations of you. This is calculated based on your tier, era, and how long your family has ruled over theirs, besides their opinion and relationship to you. Not meeting your vassal expectations will make them discontent and more likely to join factions against you.

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[Image: King with Legitimacy level 3]

As we've already seen in the tooltips, Legitimacy levels affect all sorts of things in the game: Casus Belli cost, Marriage and Alliance acceptance, Faction formation and even the counties necessary to create a title.

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[Image: The art for the new Legitimacy Dynasty Legacy]



The Lady of Shalott

Hello! My name is Pavel Golovii and I am a senior illustrator at Paradox. I have been working on a number of illustrations for this expansion and today I am going to talk about processes behind the scenes of illustration work. As an example, I will take arguably the most challenging kind of illustrations we have in game - the loading screen. This illustration is the player's first introduction to the expansion and bears the responsibility of giving them a feeling of anticipation.

Ideation​

Every picture starts with an idea. With the introduction of epidemics in “Legends of the Dead” I regarded the opportunity to feature a physician, a healer as very fresh and appealing. It would be a positive, reassuring subject matter when compared to the intrigue, war and power struggles that dominate the themes of our other illustrations. Truth be told, a lot of inspiration was coming from “The Physician” movie and some orientalist’s paintings.

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[Image: A couple of the initial ideas featuring an eastern theme with a physician.]

Another idea that was suggested and actively supported by game designers is the legend of The Lady of Shalott. This medieval themed story is a beautiful blend of tropes for both “legend” and “death” and provides a very suitable metaphor for the new expansion. At the same time this theme was depicted in many paintings by a number of renowned artists. It was especially popular in the Pre-Raphaelite era with a series of paintings by John Waterhouse featuring the legend. This potentially added to the challenge of making it relatively unique and unwittingly could bring up an unfavorable comparison with a master’s work. Somewhat reluctantly I took a stab at it and did some sketches.

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[Image: Composition sketches for The Lady of Shalott theme.]

After discussing all of the above ideas with the team and the art director we decided to further develop the last (bottom one) variant as the most original and also well-fitting to present the Legends of the Dead DLC. Yet the physician theme was not trashed and made its way to become one of the story event illustrations. The composition of the chosen variant underwent a few changes afterwards following art-director’s feedback. We decided to get rid of the straight top down view in favor of a more traditional perspective and closer look at the character yet retaining dynamic shapes of the water weeds and flowing dress.

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[Image: Final composition that was approved.]

In many ways decisions made at this early stage affect the overall success of the final image. A good outcome is not guaranteed of course, but if properly made it creates a firm foundation for further work. On the contrary, skipping crucial steps assuming these can be tackled at a later stage can turn the painting process into a struggle, even though digital medium allows to change things easily at any moment.

Color Explorations​

I rarely do color explorations before final shapes and values for the composition are established. But this time I started experimenting with colors a bit earlier using AI which gave me an extra bit of flexibility and an abundance of variations. A locally installed Stable Diffusion with Control Net was used for generating rough color thumbnails based on my composition sketches. Black & white composition images were used to restrict image generation to shapes defined in them. Another color image that just contained the color palette of my preference was fed to Control net to roughly define color to be applied. Text prompt was of little importance and I kept it very simple and basic. The results are pretty far from highly detailed crisp digital pictures that are usually expected from AI generated images. They are quite inconsistent and rough and have a great deal of randomness. But this is actually what I appreciate in these. I like that level of abstraction. Accidental interpretations of my composition ideas by AI provided me with extra inspiration. Not only the colors, but also values, shapes, edges and textures that start to loom in these thumbnails can give a new hint regarding a certain aspect of the artwork.

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[Image: There was a sheer number of AI interpretations of my composition sketches.]

The major caveat with these AI generations is that you can do so many of them in a relatively short amount of time that you need to be quite decisive to stop that dopamine trap and move on. Otherwise they just pile up as photos on a mobile phone that you never return to.

Now the chosen AI generated color samples need to be applied to composition with proper distribution of size, shapes and accent placement (here AI is not of much help, not yet at least).

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[Image: AI generated color “blobs” and sketches painted after them.]

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[Video: Creation of a color sketch based on an AI generated thumbnail.]

The animation above shows the process of turning a generated color thumbnail into a color sketch that is submitted for the art team review. The greenish-violet palette was acknowledged as the most appropriate for the theme, with a flavor of mystery and slight surreal feel of goldish light reflections in the water.

Painting​

After major decisions have been made it is time to make that final leap to the finished painting. Here the biggest challenge for me is to keep the overall image balance while adding details. Even when painting over a well defined sketch, the image inevitably changes during the process. Defining a hand gesture or dress design may change the flow of the shapes and force readjustments in other places. It is very easy to get carried away by a certain area of the picture and then realize that the detail you have just painted does not work when viewed from a distance or pops out too much and breaks the general balance of tonal values. Some elements of the image require more attention than the others. Character face is obviously a detail number one in that specific image’s hierarchy and it took me a while to paint it and find the proper expression. At the same time a number of secondary parts of the image I may have left untouched since the color sketch creation.

A crucial role in that process of image balancing plays feedback from the art director and the team. Over time while working on an illustration I get less perceptive of it. And during the regular art reviews I can get a fresh view from my team that helps to notice mistakes and flaws or even to recognize the moment when it is time to stop and call the image done.

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[Image: Art director’s feedback suggesting perspective and tonal corrections.]
[CM’s Note: Tastefully censored.]


Here at Paradox, we have regular drawing sessions where our artists can draw either live models or from references. While the primary purpose of this is to train general drawing skills (a kind of an art gym), this can also be used for more specific tasks. I can ask a model to take a specific pose or gesture that I am working on in my current assignment. This can be quite helpful to make characters in an illustration look more convincing, find a better gesture or just simply avoid crude drawing mistakes.

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[Image: A few examples of sketches and studies done with ongoing illustration assignments in mind.]
[CM’s Note: Tastefully censored.]



Conclusion​

On a final note, I have to confess that romanticized stories like the one about the Lady of Shalott are not that inspiring for me in general. The drama of these stories often seems too quixotic and naive to me. Yet one can find in their symbols and metaphors some true inspiring moments. For me in the case of the Lady of Shalott it was the contrast of young and flourishing life and premature death it was doomed for. I hope I managed to convey a bit of my sensations in the illustration.



Map Tables

Hello! My name is Joacim Carlberg and I’m the 3D Environment Lead on CKIII.

I’m going to introduce our new visual map tables, a feature we’ve wanted to add for a long time. With the new chapter a table scene will now appear as you lift your gaze higher from the map for an overview of the world. With the release of Legends of the Dead we have added two new map tables, the tables are chosen dynamically or if you have a preference you can also change the active one in the settings menu.

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[Image: The map table as it appears in Legends of the Dead.]

If you do not have Legends of the Dead a base table will still be included with the accompanying patch, which can be seen below.

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[Image: The map table as it appears without Legends of the Dead enabled.]

We think this will give a more immersive experience when overlooking the extent of your kingdom, the tendrils of plagues spreading the lands, and your legends spreading across the realms.

For those that love visual mods or total conversion mods for the game will find that this framing is also quite moddable.

Legendary Buildings​

As you finish your legends you will find opportunities to add a new site in your kingdom that commemorates or relates to the legend you’ve sown and grown. These legendary locations provide bonuses, but also show up in the landscape of your realm.

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[Image: Legendary Statue, MENA Legendary Palace, India Legendary Palace, Legendary Runestone]

There’s more of these, but we’ll let you discover them in your own playthrough.

Instruments​

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[Image: Lute, Flute, Shawm, Hurdy Gurdy, Qanun in back]

While working with El Tyranos with the recent content creator pack the environment team also collaborated with him to bring a set of new instruments into the game for courtiers and rulers to bring some music and levity, and for minstrels to spread legends and great deeds.

Flute/Recorder
A ubiquitous instrument in many musical traditions, the flute has been a part of human history for millennia. While many of us first encounter music through the recorder, a flute variant, the broader family of flutes offers a diverse range of sounds. The flute's origins can be traced globally, with evidence of similar instruments found across various cultures. Its simple yet elegant design and versatility make it a staple in both classical and contemporary music.

Hurdy-Gurdy
The hurdy-gurdy, popular until the 19th century and experiencing a resurgence, is recognized for its distinctive drone. Its mechanism involves a rotating wheel running along the strings, making it a precursor to modern violins and influencing the design of the nyckelharpa.

Lute
A stringed instrument associated with minstrel songs of the Middle Ages, evolved from the medieval Islamic oud. It has a versatile range, transcending time and leaving a mark on musical history. The lute is synonymous with troubadours and courtly melodies.

Shawm
A woodwind instrument and precursor to the modern oboe, gained popularity from the later Middle Ages to the Renaissance. Its distinctive double reed and conical bore contributed to the development of subsequent woodwind instruments. The shawm's vibrant tones were integral to courtly festivities and religious ceremonies during its heyday.

Qanun
The qanun is an Arabic harp-like instrument with origins dating back to antiquity. It holds a significant place in the musical traditions of the middle east and has influenced a diverse array of musical instruments globally. The qanun's intricate design and delicate strings produce a sound that echoes with the rich history of ancient musical craftsmanship.

All of these instruments will also be found as animation options in the barber shop.
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[...Anyway, here’s wonderwall]



And with that it's time for us to wrap up today’s Dev Diary, more interesting things will be coming next week when we’ll be talking more about Plagues, the Black Death, Funerals, Mod support and showcasing new Character Art (that’d make Papa Nurgle proud).
 
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they both expect you to have level 3 legitimacy and judge you accordingly.
I think you have it backwards. Your level 3 is a result of vassals' opinions, not the cause of it.
 
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Something I am curious about regarding the legends feature:

Will this add a reason to marry for reasons other than inheritable traits and alliances? It seems you might be able to marry into a family that has a legend seed and have your family inherit it of sorts.

And then, in one or more generation down the line, that character you married (if they have a legend seed) can become the seed you need to build a legend for yourself.

Just a thought :)
 
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Can these legendary buildings become Holy Sites? Let us say that you're legend is a faith based one and your character was the prophet of a new faith, can you erect a temple or monument in your legendary building slot? This would a wonderful addition for those who really like to customize their particular culture/faith in each playthrough.
 
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This wasn't said anywhere in the DD. You have a level of legitimacy, 1-5, that your vassals expect you meet based on a variety of factors. One vassal isn't going to be fine with a level 1 liege while another would be fine with a level 4 liege, they both expect you to have level 3 legitimacy and judge you accordingly.
Actually, per the devs, one may actually be fine with 4 while another is fine with level 1. If you're 3, the one that expects 4 will be more likely to join a faction.
 
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Something I am curious about regarding the legends feature:

Will this add a reason to marry for reasons other than inheritable traits and alliances? It seems you might be able to marry into a family that has a legend seed and have your family inherit it of sorts.

And then, in one or more generation down the line, that character you married (if they have a legend seed) can become the seed you need to build a legend for yourself.

Just a thought :)
It sounds like that's how it will work. If you're legendary yourself your descendants will have a seed on which they can build.
 
I think you have it backwards. Your level 3 is a result of vassals's opinions, not the cause of it.
Legitimacy can be gained through various means that will reassure the public opinion that you have the right to be in the throne: legends, for one, are one of the main ways to gain it. Holding activities, holding court, and doing what's expected of a ruler will also help increase it, as well as winning wars - but this will also be relative, as it's not the same to win a war against a Duke as an Emperor than be the Duke beating up the Emperor.

Legitimacy can also be lost. Losing battles, especially to factions (and especially to Claimant factions) will make you look pretty bad, or even managing to have a Peasant Rebellion appear will signify that you're not taking good care of your subjects. Rulers were also blamed for plagues, as the representatives of God on earth, so allowing them to hit your capital will also make you appear less legitimate in the eyes of your vassals. Disinheriting or forcing kids to take the vows also exposes a ruler that doesn't take good care of their dynasty and will also make you lose Legitimacy.
None of this has anything to do your vassal's opinion of you but its what determines your legitimacy. These are the things that determine what level of legitimacy you have, not your vassal's opinion of you. Their opinion is affected by your legitimacy, not the other way around.

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At the bottom, there is an expected legitimacy, which determines your vassal's opinion towards you based on whether you meet it or not.

Actually, per the devs, one may actually be fine with 4 while another is fine with level 1. If you're 3, the one that expects 4 will be more likely to join a faction.
Got a link because, again, that isn't in the DD.
 
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None of this has anything to do your vassal's opinion of you but its what determines your legitimacy. These are the things that determine what level of legitimacy you have, not your vassal's opinion of you. Their opinion is affected by your legitimacy, not the other way around.

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At the bottom, there is an expected legitimacy, which determines your vassal's opinion towards you based on whether you meet it or not.


Got a link because, again, that isn't in the DD.
So can you explain what 'Expected Legitimacy' is?
 
Got a link because, again, that isn't in the DD.
It's kind of alluded to but more explicit in the dev replies.
So for reference legitimacy expectations will differ from people outside your rightful realm, so there is still title based impacts, they also differ based on time the dynasty has been a vassal to your dynasty, if you were their preferred heir, family relations, and if they are a powerful vassal.
 
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First of, I like different tasks for court positions, and that poets/ musicians are actually useful now.

I support everything that has been said about legitimacy lacking ties to claims and claimants etc.
Also, there seems to be a lot of attention attached to the "disinherit" button in the dev diaries, as if making it effectively unavailable is a huge step forward.
I already don't use it simply because it costs renown.
People will rely on more "gamey" ways to dispose of unwanted heirs.

Rebellions lower legitimacy? Shouldn't it be the other way round, low legitimacy causing rebellons (on a case-by-case basis, of course, because certain regions are more loyal)?

On a totally unrelated note, can we please have laws, trade and expanded council interactions instead of more eu4?
 
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So can you explain what 'Expected Legitimacy' is?
The equivalent of "Expected Court Grandeur." Your level of grandeur can match, exceed, or fall below your expected level. Your expected grandeur is not determined by your vassals opinion of your but their opinion changes based on your level of grandeur vs. your expected level of grandeur. You'll notice that both rulers have max legitimacy but the count on has an expected legitimacy of 1 while the emperor has an expected legitimacy of 4, which makes sense. Actions you take then increase or decrease your legitimacy and then people react based on your level of legitimacy vs your expected legitimacy, which is seen by the count having way more bonuses compared to the emperor.
 
Wait, so legends are per character? And when one character dies, the heir just gets the seed and has to build the legend from the start?
Well, I don't know about 'from the start.' I'm just guessing.
 
Wait, so legends are per character? And when one character dies, the heir just gets the seed and has to build the legend from the start?
From my understanding, you need a seed to start a legend which then grows and can be modified by your descendants and other people. The legend then continues as long as its promoted by someone but its not made clear if someone "owns" that legend and is inherited like titles and artifacts.

Kinda disappointed that Royal Court is neglected since it had a great opportunity to mesh well with this dlc
They mentioned that holding court will affect your legitimacy.
 
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Still a little confused as to how Legitimacy will actually work. Right now it sorta feels mostly like it's just a way to punish people for trying to cheese succession (which, granted, is arguably necessary rn).
 
This dev diary has got me pretty excited, I just wanted to point out a few things.

Firstly, legends as outlined here and the renown system seem to occupy a similar space from a character standpoint and this is especially so if legends can directly 'buff' charaters and if legacy perks can improve legitimacy. Honestly, I was never a huge fan the the dynasty legacies but I think there should be a clear separation made between legacies which make your charaters better in a real sense and legends which only affect how charaters and the general populace think of you.

Legends should therefore be an extension of the prestige and piety systems and integrated into those systems. Q: How is King Charles Exalted among men? Well at the moment it's just a number that tells you he is but it could be because: A He slew a giant boar once and B he defeated the muslisms 3 to 1.
The same goes for the the piety levels - perhaps this could be true for legitimacy levels as well? Each type of legend would compliment the 3 scores of percieved military/combat (prestige), civic (legitimacy) and religious (piety) competence. Legend glory or legitimacy or whatever should also 'rub off' on charaters close to the legend target i.e. vassals or commanders etc. incentivising them to be proponents of the legend.

Lastly, I think there is great potential here for legends and the 'fabricate a claim' interaction to have a synergy. For example, legends would not directly give you a claim but would make fabricating one much easier. This means you still have to fork out some money to grease the gears and get the actually tangible claims you desire.

Sorry this was a bit long
 
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None of this has anything to do your vassal's opinion of you but its what determines your legitimacy. These are the things that determine what level of legitimacy you have, not your vassal's opinion of you. Their opinion is affected by your legitimacy, not the other way around.

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At the bottom, there is an expected legitimacy, which determines your vassal's opinion towards you based on whether you meet it or not.


Got a link because, again, that isn't in the DD.
At the bottom it says "average expected legitimacy." You can't have an average unless you have multiple values. So presumably each vassal will have an expected legitimacy (not shown), which are used to calculate what your average expected legitimacy is for the two categories of vassals. The average is then used for determining your global bonuses?

As for the different vassals having different expectations, it was posted by blackninja9939 in this thread. Specifically what was said is (emphasis added):
So for reference legitimacy expectations will differ from people outside your rightful realm, so there is still title based impacts, they also differ based on time the dynasty has been a vassal to your dynasty, if you were their preferred heir, family relations, and if they are a powerful vassal.
The post later mentions:
Expectation vs actual level is what applies the opinion changes
So that would imply that each character's individual expected legitimacy (separate from the average expected legitimacy) gives you an opinion boon or malus as there is no opinion modifier mentioned in the average summary screen.
 
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It wasn’t unheard of, even before the medieval era, for a usurper to marry into the deposed ruler’s family for legitimacy purposes. Some people I can list off of the top of my head that did this: Darius the Great, Alexander the Great, Herod the Great, and Henry I of England. I am not certain if children produced of those unions should get the same level of legitimacy and/or prestige from the legends compared to someone of the legend’s dynasty.
 
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The art looks great! As for the legitimacy and legend mechanics, I'll reserve judgement until we can see how they're implemented. The last thing the game needs is more levers for the player to pull that make the game easier over time. Hopefully these new mechanics will be thoughtfully implemented in such a way that they don't exclusively add early game difficulty, while making the mid to late game easier than ever.
 
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Legitimacy should not really carry over from ruler to ruler, beyond being directly related to the predecessor (including marriage ties, since being the son-in-law was seen as inherently legitimizing, almost like being the son). It should be set upon title acquisition, heavily impacted by the rulers traits, but also depending on culture, government type, religion and whatnot. Then actions like granting or revoking titles etc. Would alter it dynamically for that ruler.

The stickiness of the modifiers is a big part of what could cause snowballing, since it's way too easy to pass on one's lands and continue centralizing power.

Being excommunicated or defying the expectations of your vassals by, say, imposing heavy taxes or seizing lands, should seriously impact your standing as a legitimate monarch, above and beyond opinion masses. Conversely, winning wars, patronizing monasteries (and churches etc.), granting titles and receiving homage from vassals, should enhance one's standing.

Feudal governments still had conceptions of what was legal for the king to do, and what would be illegal or immoral.

Lastly I really do wish there was more to do with titles and their associated laws and such. Perhaps if we get another govenrment focused rework with the HRE or republics.
 
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