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Tinto Maps #6 - 14th of June 2024 - Great Britain & Ireland

Hello everyone. @Pavía and the rest of the Content Design team are busy working on the feedback for the previous Tinto Maps, so I'm standing in for this week.

I'm @SaintDaveUK, some of you might have seen me here and there on the forums, but the long story short is that I work on a very secret game whose name I am contractually obligated to redact. That's right, it's ███████ ██████!

This week you get a double-whammy, mostly because it’s really hard to show Britain on its own on a screenshot. Partly to side-step the “British Isles” naming controversy, but mainly because the gameplay of them both is so different, this part of Europa is divided into 2 distinct regions: Great Britain and Ireland.

Climate​

The mild Oceanic climate (Köppen Cfb) dominates the isles. Where it cools towards the inland Pennines and the Scottish Highlands (Köppen Cfc), we represent it with the wintry and dreich Continental climate.

climate.jpg




Topography​

The isles are dominated by green and pleasant flatlands and low rolling hills, the peripheries punctuated by rocky mountains and craggy highlands.

We would like to add some more impassable locations in northern England and the Scottish borders to make manoeuvres a little more interesting and strategic, but would like suggestions from people more familiar with the Pennines.

[Edit: 16 June added the missing map]

topography.JPG


Vegetation​

The great moors, bogs, and fens are represented by Sparse vegetation, meanwhile much of the land is still wooded.

vegetation.jpg




Raw Materials​

The raw goods situation aims to reflect the economic reality of medieval Britain. Shepherding was common on every corner of the islands, a lot of the wool produced was sold to the industrial hub of the Low Countries to be manufactured into cloth, which was in turn sold back to British markets.

The further north-west we go, the less fertile the terrain, and as such the greater reliance on pastoral farming such as livestock over wheat. The western hills and valleys also expose a greater number of mineral delights, including the historic stannary mines of Devon and Cornwall.

raw_materials.jpg




Markets​

As you can see the two starting markets are London and Dublin. Aside from London we could have chosen almost any town, from Aberdeen to Bristol. We chose Dublin as it was the main trade centre in Ireland, and also because it handsomely splits the isles to the East and West of the Pennines, demonstrating the impact that terrain can have on dynamic Market attraction.

They are both shades of red because they are coloured after the market centre’s top overlord country – market control is a viable playstyle and we like to think of it as a form of map painting for countries not focused on traditional conquest routes.

market.jpg




Culture​

We have decided to go with a monolithic English culture. We could have forced the introduction of a second Northumbrian or even third Mercian culture, but typically they were not really considered separate peoples. The English, though diverse in origin and with a variety of dialects, had already begun to coalesce in the face of the Viking invasions hundreds of years before.

Scotland, conversely, is a real porridge of cultures. The Lowland Scots (who speak a dialect of Northumbrian English that later develops into the Scots language) dominate their kingdom from their wealthy burghs, and are gradually encroaching onto the pastoral lands of the Gaelic Highlanders. The Norse-Gaelic clansmen watch from the Western Isles, with some old settlements remaining around Galloway. The far north, ironically called Sutherland, retains some Norse presence.

Wales, conquered for around a century by this point, plays host to English burghers looking to make a few quid, as well as the descendants of Norman adventurer knights in the marcher lordships, but is still majority Welsh-speaking from Anglesey to Cardiff.

The Anglo-Irish (representing the spectrum from Cambro-Norman knights to the so-called ‘Old English’ settlers) live in great numbers in the south-eastern trading towns from Dublin to Cork, as well as in smaller numbers in frontier outposts.

The cosmopolitan towns across the isles are also home to people from elsewhere in Europe, most notably Flemish weavers from the Low Countries, though their numbers are too small to impact the mapmode.

The Norman ███████ dominates as the ██████████████ for both of the kingdoms and their subjects. The conquest of 1066 is no longer fresh, but the continuing bonds between the aristocratic classes of England, Scotland, and France have kept the French language alive and strong.

culture.jpg






Religion​

I decided that it's not even worth taking a screenshot of the Religion map mode. There are tiny minorities of Jewish people in some Scottish and Irish towns (they had been expelled from England), but they are so small in number they don't even register on the map mode

Other than that, it's all Catholic. But not for long.

> John Wycliffe has entered the chat.


Areas​

Based on the 4 provinces of Ireland (sorry Meath) and splitting England roughly into the larger Anglo-Saxon earldoms which have some similarity with the modern Regions (sorry Yorkshire).

areas.jpg





Provinces​

We have fixed the colours of the Provinces mapmode so you can see the individual provinces a bit more clearly. These are largely based on the historic counties, which have remained fairly constant throughout history, while merging some of those that are too small.

We’ve almost certainly offended someone.

The ancient Scottish shires are pretty messy and difficult to coalesce into neat provinces, so any suggestions for better arrangement there would be very welcome.

provinces.jpg




Locations​


You might notice that the locations in Ireland are varyingly written in both English and in Irish. This is because we have the new system up-and-running where we can name Locations by the primary culture of the country they are owned by.

This means that for example London might be called Londres if it was ruled by a Catalan country. It’s currently a WIP feature and we might add more elements, such as a game setting to base the name on dominant culture of the location instead, or to just use default (English) names.

locations.jpg




Government Types​

As with most of Europe, most of the countries are under some monarchy or another, but the Irish tuathas begin with the Tribe government type. This, among other mechanics such as [redacted] helps to give them a very unique playing style in Europe.

government.jpg


Countries​

England

England of course stands as the dominant kingdom in the isles. Despite having a lot of power resting on the barons, the country is fairly unitary even at this point, with very little practical separation between the crown’s power in somewhere like Kent versus Yorkshire. However there are notable exceptions.

The powerful Burgesses estate in the City of London enjoys ancient freedoms from royal power, while the king peers in from the Crown’s seat of power in neighbouring Westminster.

The County Palatine of Durham is not represented by a country, but buildings that give the Clergy Estate a huge amount of power in the locations it is present in. This also ties into political gameplay as a ██████████ ██████.

The newly created Duchy of Cornwall—the only duchy in England at the time—would also not be represented well by the Cornwall country, being a disparate set of manorial holdings that are ironically mostly in Devon. Cornwall of course exists as a releasable country though.

The Isle of Man is a little less certain. For now we have it as a subject of England. On paper it was a ‘kingdom’ awarded to William Montagu, the king’s favourite, however we aren’t sure if he actually wielded any real power on the isle. It changed hands between England and Scotland numerous times in this period, but in practice it appears to have been governed by a local council of barons. Any more details on exactly what was going on here in this period would be greatly appreciated.

These decisions have been made because as England heaves itself out of the feudal system, we thought it would be best if the small-fry inward-looking internal politicking is handled through the Estates and [redacted] systems, and then the diplomacy tracks are freed up for the English player to behave more outwardly against other major countries.

Wales

Though subjugated by conquest, Wales was not formally annexed into the Kingdom of England until the mid 1500s. As such the principality begins as a Dominion subject under England.

Those familiar with Welsh history will note that historically the Principality of Wales didn’t extend much beyond the old kingdom of Gywnedd. Much of the country to the southeast was in fact ruled by marcher lords, which we represent with a powerful Nobility estate in the valleys and beyond.

There is an alternative vision of Wales that I would like to gauge opinion on, and that is expanding it to include the Earldom of Chester and the marches on the English side of the modern border. If you are an Englishman familiar with modern borders this might look alarming, but these lands were also constitutionally ambiguous parts of the “Welsh Marches” until the 1500s. This will hand over to the Wales player the full responsibility of dealing with the marcher lords, allowing England to focus on bigger picture issues like beating France.

Ireland

Ireland is going through a moment of change. English royal power is centred on the Lordship of the Pale, the king’s Dominion ruling out of Dublin Castle. However, it struggles to keep a grasp on the rebellious Hiberno-Norman earls scattered around the island - some of whom remain as vassals, some of whom have managed to slip free of royal control.

The Tanistry system of succession endemic to the Gaelic Irish has its advantages, but it can also lead to chaotic feuds between rival branches. The so-called Burke Civil War has fractured the powerful Earldom of Ulster into rival Burke cousins who jealously feud over their shrinking lordships in Connaught. Native Irish princes of the north have reconquered most of their own lands from the de Burghs, but there are also two rival O’Neill cousins who style themselves King of Tyrone either side of the River Bann.

The feuding Irish lack a unifying figure, but anyone powerful enough could theoretically claim the title of High King. The former provincial kingdoms, such as Meath and Connacht, enjoy the elevated rank of Duchy, giving them a slight edge in the High Kingship selection.

Scotland

The chancer Edward Balliol continues his attempt for the Scottish throne, with England’s tacit permission. It’s hard to determine the exact lands held by Balliol in 1337, but we know his disinherited loyalists hold the castle of Perth while his English allies had seized large tracts of the lowlands from Bruce. Balliol has also bought the loyalty of the MacDonald and the other Hebridean galley lords by granting them remote land on the west coast of the mainland.

Meanwhile, Scotland’s canny regent Sir Andrew de Moray launches his decisive counterattack as his true king, David II de Bruce, waits in exile in France.

political.jpg


Dynasties​

We know about Plantagenet, Balliol, and Bruce, so I've zoomed in on Ireland to show the ruling dynasties of the various chieftains and earls.

dynasty.jpg


Population​

Excuse the seams and the greyscale mapmode. We have something better in the pipeline...

population_country.jpg
population_location.jpg




Well, thats it for now!

As always the team is eagerly awaiting your feedback and looking forward to the discussions. We’ll try to keep on top of the thread, but we have a teambuilding activity this afternoon so it might be a little more sporadic than usual!

Next week: Anatolia!
 
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What's the reasoning for not making Yorkshire a separate area? It's as identifiable *If not more in my opinion* as the Lowlands or East Anglia, with a similar size and a booming population at the time, just to add also the West Ridings Population (Bradford, Leeds and Wakefield) Post Plague Was 87k (I can provide link but it wont let me post) and 40 Years Prior was 127k so i feel the pre-plague pop of 88k is far too low.
Just putting this here for reference, Historic Counties with their estimated population in 1290. Mapped from Bruce M. S. Campbell and Lorraine Barry, 'The Population Geography of Great Britain C. 1290: A Provisional Reconstruction', in Population, Welfare and Economic Change in Britain 1290-1934, ed., Chris Briggs, P. M. Kitson, and S. J. Thompson (The Boydell Press, 2014)

Welsh Map can be found in my comment here
Untitled.png

ehr_407_f4.gif
 
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Looks great, few comments from someone from Northumberland/ North East.

Do agree on making it hard to travel across the borders

Newcastle having horse as a trade item I'm unsure about, I'd make it coal as was coal mining I believe at the time in the area

Durham/ Darlington borders look a bit messy as it seems weird to have Hexham border Darlington when Hexham is closer to the town of Durham than Darlington
Agreed the darlington location is to tall for my liking, the top half should either be a separate location, maybe Bishop Auckland or just given to Durham.

As for the for horses from Newcastle I do think that's a bit odd. When I'm thinking of Newcastle, horses don't reallycome to mind. I would say Greggs but the game setting is a bit to early for that I think coal is probably a good resource.

Source: a native of Stockton so please don't get rid of that location. Stockton is rarely mentioned in anything so it made me happy seeing it.
 
Regarding vegetation, are you sure that "much of the land is still wooded"? Do you have good sources for that?
This German source on early coal mining says that:
In the 13th and 14th centuries, coal rose to significant prominence as a replacement for the difficult to procure wood in the cities of England, especially in London. However, it declined strongly after the middle of the 14th century. According to Sieferle, this is mostly due to the loss of population after the Black Death since 1347.
I don't know many English sources that specifically deal with the issue of forest cover in early 14th century Great Britain, though. A figure you often find is that forest cover was less than today (15%).
This one says about the Muscovy Company in 1555:
Timber especially was one of the most important goods to which the English merchants had access at this time because domestic sources of timber were either mostly exhausted by this point, or were prohibitively difficult and costly to move around the country. The Irish sources of timber were also being exhausted through clearing and exporting to England. Having direct access to a source of timber, even being as far away as Russia, was still potentially more economical than relying on the Hanse for supplies from the Baltic areas.
It looks to me that there's quite a lot of forest and woods in England for supposedly <15% forest cover and a need to import lumber from Russia 200 years into the game. North American colonies also were famously an important source of wood, how would this be represented if there are so many woods and forest locations available in the UK to get lumber from?
 
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Agree with you on the first three! But I would probably argue for Preston over Bolton as an addition given Preston was more prominent and wealthier (wealthiest if I recall in Lancashire) at the time and a more strategic location ( Only major crossing on the Ribble aside from Ribchester upstream and right in the middle of Lancashire!) and you've got battle of Preston during the ECW as well
you could have both. Bolton separated from the Manchester location and Preston separated from the Lancaster location.
 
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Part of Derbyshire as well has been absorbed into Leicestershire. It's odd that the Nottinghamshire border seemingly has ignored the river Trent.

Very minor border changes in all cases but an enlarged Derby location could make it so armies travel via it from Staffordshire to Leicestershire. I suspect Rutland being elongated prevents movement between Kesteven and Corby directly?

View attachment 1148467

I'm pretty sure Long Rutland is there for exactly that reason. Might be arguable to make that Stamford instead or even have a separate province of that? Derby is also clearly to account for the Swarkestone crossing being a major one while you really shouldn't need to go via Derby to get from Bosworth to Tamworth. An ideal would would have Repton, but that's too much honestly. I think the compromise is to chop off the very southern bit of Derbyshire - i.e. Linton- so that Tamworth and Bosworth still have a border but the shape's a bit better. Split it between Bosworth and Tamworth and it doesn't even look to bad.

Also Buxton just feels... wrong. It's apparently been around for a lot longer than I thought but it still feels very 'Georgian Spa town.' The whole of that area was basically a Royal Forest however so there's not many better options- maybe Castleton as seat of the ancient Manor of Peverill and also where the lead mines were?

As for the suggestion to have Wales and the Marches under one heading- I like it, but the important thing at that point is that the capital should be in Ludlow. Then you emphasise the point that this is an English creation, and allows for the dichotomy of having highly centralised under control areas that are extremely rebellious vs the more loyal areas which are much more independent. Glyndwr etc. could have an event to move the capital to Wales proper.
 
Regarding vegetation, are you sure that "much of the land is still wooded"? Do you have good sources for that?
This German source on early coal mining says that:

I don't know many English sources that specifically deal with the issue of forest cover in early 14th century Great Britain, though. A figure you often find is that forest cover was less than today (15%).
This one says about the Muscovy Company in 1555:

It looks to me that there's quite a lot of forest and woods in England for supposedly <15% forest cover and a need to import lumber from Russia 200 years into the game. North American colonies also were famously an important source of wood, how would this be represented if there are so many woods and forest locations available in the UK to get lumber from?
They could source it, but why cut into vital supplies when you could import the wood rather than deforest last supplies
 
They could source it, but why cut into vital supplies when you could import the wood rather than deforest last supplies
The point is, if you can build lumbermills on every woods or forest location and there are so many of them, why would they even have to think about importing lumber like it was done historically?
 
Anyway on Lancashire: Preston if added should be a separation from the Lancaster location.
The location of Manchester on the other hand in the map comprises of the historical Salford hundred, where the main Parishes were: Manchester, Ashton-under-Lyne, Eccles, Deane, Flixton, Radcliffe, Prestwich, Bury, Middleton, Rochdale, Bolton, Wigan, and also the Blackburn hundred. From these names i'd prefer either Bolton or Salford, in addition to also a location more North for Blackburn.
 
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The point is, if you can build lumbermills on every woods or forest location and there are so many of them, why would they even have to think about importing lumber like it was done historically?
A wood is a tended forest, while a forest is wilderness. These look and function very differently. In 1337, England has plenty of woods, but there probably is a lack of old growth forest given it’s a naval power. Navy ships need really big trees for their superstructure, which aren’t typical in most woodlands.

Not to mention English forests are for hunting in not lumber mills.
 
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Some feedback on the locations in Essex.

Firstly, I have no complaints about Colchester.

Southend, however, is an anachronism. The city didn’t really exist until the Victorian period, when it emerged as a seaside resort town. Throughout most of the Project Caesar timeline, it was regarded as a hamlet on the outskirts of the village of Prittlewell. Notable settlements in that area included Leigh, Hadleigh, and Rayleigh - so I’d be tempted to suggest Leigh, if you want somewhere on the estuary.

Alternatively, the area also seems to include Chelmsford (which I’ll come to soon) and Maldon. Chelmsford was the county town, while Maldon was a notable port - either would make a good name for this location.

Moving on to Chelmsford, I feel this location is too far west for that to be an accurate name. While the city itself is near the border between this location and the Southend location, it’s economic hinterlands definitely lean more towards the sea than inland.

Waltham (Abbey) may be better names for this location. It was a fairly significant town in the period. Or maybe Brentwood?

Moving north to Hedingham, this is an okay name. I suspect it was chosen for Hedingham Castle, as neither Sible Hedingham nor Castle Hedingham were particularly notable settlements otherwise.

An interesting town in this location is (Saffron) Walden, which became one of the world’s largest producers of saffron. This could be represented with dyes or spices as the province’s trade good.

Thaxted, however, was likely the largest and most influential settlement in this area, and doesn’t have the disadvantage of sounding a lot like Waltham.

In summary:

Colchester is fine
Southend should probably be Chelmsford (or Maldon) (or Leigh)
Chelmsford should be Waltham
Hedingham should be Thaxted

Edit: This is all assuming you’re committed to those rough boundaries. I’d probably split it into five if I could.
 
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I’ll flag myself as another person for whom the topography map isn’t showing, I’m on ios so that could be why.

On thoughts.

Kent:
Chatham should probably be renamed to Rochester or given the Medway name (the local river and now used for the modern unitary authority). I’d also consider either Marble or Stone for this area, as the Medway Valley is a huge chalk mining area (though this may be later in time).
I’d take the bottom bit of Chatham/Rochester, part of Canterbury and part of Hythe and create Maidstone, potentially also Ashford (though that is probably to early and space limitation apply). For Maidstone I’d give it the stone resource to represent Kentish Ragstone.

Middlesex:
The London location is to large and to far east, I’d drag it westward by extending the Thames further inland, you could also put Barking to the east of London as a way of forcing The City westward without extending Southend.
Southwark needs the eastern part splitting out, either Dartford (which alongside Maidstone played a role in the 1381 Peasants Revolt) or Greenwich can work. The extension of the Thames could also see a strait here, forcing an enemy to either get naval supremacy (as the Dutch temporally did during one raid up the Thames) or push across at the Southwalk-London point.

Cambridgeshire:
While I’d love to argue for Huntingdonshire as a province I recognise that it’s to small. I will however agree with the people saying the Ely should be added or take the spot of Peterborough. I also don’t think Huntingdon needs to be that long, either St Neots (which had a battle in the English Civil War) or Biggleswade could go beneath Huntingdon, or just move Huntingdon down to enable Peterborough to go east and make room for Ely. As others have noted, much of this area starts the time period as fenland that gets drained, so some mechanism of terrain change really is needed here.
 
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