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Tinto Maps #6 - 14th of June 2024 - Great Britain & Ireland

Hello everyone. @Pavía and the rest of the Content Design team are busy working on the feedback for the previous Tinto Maps, so I'm standing in for this week.

I'm @SaintDaveUK, some of you might have seen me here and there on the forums, but the long story short is that I work on a very secret game whose name I am contractually obligated to redact. That's right, it's ███████ ██████!

This week you get a double-whammy, mostly because it’s really hard to show Britain on its own on a screenshot. Partly to side-step the “British Isles” naming controversy, but mainly because the gameplay of them both is so different, this part of Europa is divided into 2 distinct regions: Great Britain and Ireland.

Climate​

The mild Oceanic climate (Köppen Cfb) dominates the isles. Where it cools towards the inland Pennines and the Scottish Highlands (Köppen Cfc), we represent it with the wintry and dreich Continental climate.

climate.jpg




Topography​

The isles are dominated by green and pleasant flatlands and low rolling hills, the peripheries punctuated by rocky mountains and craggy highlands.

We would like to add some more impassable locations in northern England and the Scottish borders to make manoeuvres a little more interesting and strategic, but would like suggestions from people more familiar with the Pennines.

[Edit: 16 June added the missing map]

topography.JPG


Vegetation​

The great moors, bogs, and fens are represented by Sparse vegetation, meanwhile much of the land is still wooded.

vegetation.jpg




Raw Materials​

The raw goods situation aims to reflect the economic reality of medieval Britain. Shepherding was common on every corner of the islands, a lot of the wool produced was sold to the industrial hub of the Low Countries to be manufactured into cloth, which was in turn sold back to British markets.

The further north-west we go, the less fertile the terrain, and as such the greater reliance on pastoral farming such as livestock over wheat. The western hills and valleys also expose a greater number of mineral delights, including the historic stannary mines of Devon and Cornwall.

raw_materials.jpg




Markets​

As you can see the two starting markets are London and Dublin. Aside from London we could have chosen almost any town, from Aberdeen to Bristol. We chose Dublin as it was the main trade centre in Ireland, and also because it handsomely splits the isles to the East and West of the Pennines, demonstrating the impact that terrain can have on dynamic Market attraction.

They are both shades of red because they are coloured after the market centre’s top overlord country – market control is a viable playstyle and we like to think of it as a form of map painting for countries not focused on traditional conquest routes.

market.jpg




Culture​

We have decided to go with a monolithic English culture. We could have forced the introduction of a second Northumbrian or even third Mercian culture, but typically they were not really considered separate peoples. The English, though diverse in origin and with a variety of dialects, had already begun to coalesce in the face of the Viking invasions hundreds of years before.

Scotland, conversely, is a real porridge of cultures. The Lowland Scots (who speak a dialect of Northumbrian English that later develops into the Scots language) dominate their kingdom from their wealthy burghs, and are gradually encroaching onto the pastoral lands of the Gaelic Highlanders. The Norse-Gaelic clansmen watch from the Western Isles, with some old settlements remaining around Galloway. The far north, ironically called Sutherland, retains some Norse presence.

Wales, conquered for around a century by this point, plays host to English burghers looking to make a few quid, as well as the descendants of Norman adventurer knights in the marcher lordships, but is still majority Welsh-speaking from Anglesey to Cardiff.

The Anglo-Irish (representing the spectrum from Cambro-Norman knights to the so-called ‘Old English’ settlers) live in great numbers in the south-eastern trading towns from Dublin to Cork, as well as in smaller numbers in frontier outposts.

The cosmopolitan towns across the isles are also home to people from elsewhere in Europe, most notably Flemish weavers from the Low Countries, though their numbers are too small to impact the mapmode.

The Norman ███████ dominates as the ██████████████ for both of the kingdoms and their subjects. The conquest of 1066 is no longer fresh, but the continuing bonds between the aristocratic classes of England, Scotland, and France have kept the French language alive and strong.

culture.jpg






Religion​

I decided that it's not even worth taking a screenshot of the Religion map mode. There are tiny minorities of Jewish people in some Scottish and Irish towns (they had been expelled from England), but they are so small in number they don't even register on the map mode

Other than that, it's all Catholic. But not for long.

> John Wycliffe has entered the chat.


Areas​

Based on the 4 provinces of Ireland (sorry Meath) and splitting England roughly into the larger Anglo-Saxon earldoms which have some similarity with the modern Regions (sorry Yorkshire).

areas.jpg





Provinces​

We have fixed the colours of the Provinces mapmode so you can see the individual provinces a bit more clearly. These are largely based on the historic counties, which have remained fairly constant throughout history, while merging some of those that are too small.

We’ve almost certainly offended someone.

The ancient Scottish shires are pretty messy and difficult to coalesce into neat provinces, so any suggestions for better arrangement there would be very welcome.

provinces.jpg




Locations​


You might notice that the locations in Ireland are varyingly written in both English and in Irish. This is because we have the new system up-and-running where we can name Locations by the primary culture of the country they are owned by.

This means that for example London might be called Londres if it was ruled by a Catalan country. It’s currently a WIP feature and we might add more elements, such as a game setting to base the name on dominant culture of the location instead, or to just use default (English) names.

locations.jpg




Government Types​

As with most of Europe, most of the countries are under some monarchy or another, but the Irish tuathas begin with the Tribe government type. This, among other mechanics such as [redacted] helps to give them a very unique playing style in Europe.

government.jpg


Countries​

England

England of course stands as the dominant kingdom in the isles. Despite having a lot of power resting on the barons, the country is fairly unitary even at this point, with very little practical separation between the crown’s power in somewhere like Kent versus Yorkshire. However there are notable exceptions.

The powerful Burgesses estate in the City of London enjoys ancient freedoms from royal power, while the king peers in from the Crown’s seat of power in neighbouring Westminster.

The County Palatine of Durham is not represented by a country, but buildings that give the Clergy Estate a huge amount of power in the locations it is present in. This also ties into political gameplay as a ██████████ ██████.

The newly created Duchy of Cornwall—the only duchy in England at the time—would also not be represented well by the Cornwall country, being a disparate set of manorial holdings that are ironically mostly in Devon. Cornwall of course exists as a releasable country though.

The Isle of Man is a little less certain. For now we have it as a subject of England. On paper it was a ‘kingdom’ awarded to William Montagu, the king’s favourite, however we aren’t sure if he actually wielded any real power on the isle. It changed hands between England and Scotland numerous times in this period, but in practice it appears to have been governed by a local council of barons. Any more details on exactly what was going on here in this period would be greatly appreciated.

These decisions have been made because as England heaves itself out of the feudal system, we thought it would be best if the small-fry inward-looking internal politicking is handled through the Estates and [redacted] systems, and then the diplomacy tracks are freed up for the English player to behave more outwardly against other major countries.

Wales

Though subjugated by conquest, Wales was not formally annexed into the Kingdom of England until the mid 1500s. As such the principality begins as a Dominion subject under England.

Those familiar with Welsh history will note that historically the Principality of Wales didn’t extend much beyond the old kingdom of Gywnedd. Much of the country to the southeast was in fact ruled by marcher lords, which we represent with a powerful Nobility estate in the valleys and beyond.

There is an alternative vision of Wales that I would like to gauge opinion on, and that is expanding it to include the Earldom of Chester and the marches on the English side of the modern border. If you are an Englishman familiar with modern borders this might look alarming, but these lands were also constitutionally ambiguous parts of the “Welsh Marches” until the 1500s. This will hand over to the Wales player the full responsibility of dealing with the marcher lords, allowing England to focus on bigger picture issues like beating France.

Ireland

Ireland is going through a moment of change. English royal power is centred on the Lordship of the Pale, the king’s Dominion ruling out of Dublin Castle. However, it struggles to keep a grasp on the rebellious Hiberno-Norman earls scattered around the island - some of whom remain as vassals, some of whom have managed to slip free of royal control.

The Tanistry system of succession endemic to the Gaelic Irish has its advantages, but it can also lead to chaotic feuds between rival branches. The so-called Burke Civil War has fractured the powerful Earldom of Ulster into rival Burke cousins who jealously feud over their shrinking lordships in Connaught. Native Irish princes of the north have reconquered most of their own lands from the de Burghs, but there are also two rival O’Neill cousins who style themselves King of Tyrone either side of the River Bann.

The feuding Irish lack a unifying figure, but anyone powerful enough could theoretically claim the title of High King. The former provincial kingdoms, such as Meath and Connacht, enjoy the elevated rank of Duchy, giving them a slight edge in the High Kingship selection.

Scotland

The chancer Edward Balliol continues his attempt for the Scottish throne, with England’s tacit permission. It’s hard to determine the exact lands held by Balliol in 1337, but we know his disinherited loyalists hold the castle of Perth while his English allies had seized large tracts of the lowlands from Bruce. Balliol has also bought the loyalty of the MacDonald and the other Hebridean galley lords by granting them remote land on the west coast of the mainland.

Meanwhile, Scotland’s canny regent Sir Andrew de Moray launches his decisive counterattack as his true king, David II de Bruce, waits in exile in France.

political.jpg


Dynasties​

We know about Plantagenet, Balliol, and Bruce, so I've zoomed in on Ireland to show the ruling dynasties of the various chieftains and earls.

dynasty.jpg


Population​

Excuse the seams and the greyscale mapmode. We have something better in the pipeline...

population_country.jpg
population_location.jpg




Well, thats it for now!

As always the team is eagerly awaiting your feedback and looking forward to the discussions. We’ll try to keep on top of the thread, but we have a teambuilding activity this afternoon so it might be a little more sporadic than usual!

Next week: Anatolia!
 
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For most of this period Irish would naturally mean Gaelic. Normans would at most call themselves Irelandmen. It's only in the 17th century that Irish becomes a more inclusive identity.
Why I would want Gaelach, (Gaelic would make sense as the exonym) Gaelic Lords identified Normans who intermarried with the Gaels converted to Christianity and even spoke Gaeilge as Gall (Foreigners).

So id prefer and think its more historically accurate to represent the Culture of Irish as Gaelic (Gaelach is the irish term) and the same for Scotish highlanders (Gàidhlig)
 
Why I would want Gaelach, (Gaelic would make sense as the exonym) Gaelic Lords identified Normans who intermarried with the Gaels converted to Christianity and even spoke Gaeilge as Gall (Foreigners).

So id prefer and think its more historically accurate to represent the Culture of Irish as Gaelic (Gaelach is the irish term) and the same for Scotish highlanders (Gàidhlig)
Only when Normans and English referred to these Gaels they called them Irish. Even in Scotland, those who spoke the Gaelic language were similarly labeled Irish, hence the term Erse. (Gàidhlig is the name for the language, btw, not the culture, that's Gàidhealach).

I think keep it historical and leave Irish as Irish.
 
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Only when Normans and English referred to these Gaels they called them Irish. Even in Scotland, those who spoke the Gaelic language were similarly labeled Irish, hence the term Erse. (Gàidhlig is the name for the language, btw, not the culture, that's Gàidhealach).

I think keep it historical and leave Irish as Irish.
Well by your definition they labelled both the Gaels and the scots Gaels both Irish so why not keep it historical and keep it both Irish then by your logic?

And if thats the case why have a norse - Gael culture like I originally made in my first comment. I think Gaelic for Ireland would be perfect and for the highlander culture im not too knowledgeable on Scots Gáidhlig, I can read it and apologise for my grammar error. Would Scots Gaelic culture just be there instead of Highlander?

I believe its more accurate to history to represent it as such. Hope the tone of this doesnt come across wrong. Your posts have been great here!
 
I don't know if I'm to late for suggestions for this map but I would suggest splitting Tamworth into two between Tamworth and Lichfield, as Lichfield at this point in this point in history was a very important holy site in England being founded by saint chad in 669 and still having a lot of significance in the church of England. It is also the birthplace of both Elias Ashmore and Samuel Johnson two big academics in England in the early modern era. Also it was one of the main meeting places of the lunar society as Erasmus Darwin's personal residence was there.
 
Another stab at this, taking into account feedback from other people. I'm not necessarily suggesting splitting all locations to this. The biggest change I made was drawing the coastlines better, which let me locate everything better than I was able to earlier.

Scotland.png


I redrew the 'Argyll', 'Ross', 'Caithness' and 'Fife' provinces to hopefully get them closer into shape, though with preference to the later county maps rather than trying reason out the earlier provincial lordships. There had to be some fudging to get some a clickable size, and I'm now convinced there's no good way to do Fife. Given Paradox want to name locations after cities or castles instead of regions, I've named the non-island locations as such too.

Notes on population numbers:
* - star indicates my estimates.
c. 1290: https://forum.paradoxplaza.com/foru...4-great-britain-ireland.1687953/post-29699100
1755, 1801, 1811, 1821, 1831, 1841: https://www.nrscotland.gov.uk/files...us-of-1755-scottish-population-statistics.pdf

Locations:

Aberdeen:
The city held a privileged position during the middle ages, and was the seat of a bishop. It was strongly fortified until 1770, with a castle built by 1264, improved naval defenses built in 1446, and a fort built in 1651. It was one the three major Scottish fish export centres, and also owned the nearby Stocket forest. The city had been burned down by the English in 1336, struck by the plague in 1350 where half the population died, struck by a disease believed typhoid in 1401 and 1536, reached 8-10k people by 1600, the Royalists sacked the city in 1644 under Montrose, the Covenanters sacked it soon after, and was hit by another plague outbreak in 1647 which killed a quarter of the population. It was captured by Earl Marischal in September 1715 for the Jacobite wars and was held until the Old Pretender left on 30th January 1716. The Infirmary hospital was built in 1742. It was not heavily damaged when captured by the Duke of Cumberland in 1746. It became a major linen manufacturing centre in the 18th Century but this only lasted a century. The city was almost bankrupt by 1817, largely from infrastructure projects like improved port facilities.
Population: 16154 (c. 1290*), 29596 (1755)
Trade good: Fish.

Annan:
This is a location I believe should be added for two reasons: 1) Dumfriesshire is drawn smaller than it was and when drawn with correct borders becomes overly large, and 2) it was an important place in its own right. Annandale was the original centre of power for the Bruce family. It went to the Dunbars in 1371 after the death of the king through his aunt Agnes, then to the Douglas by conquest in 1401 after the Dunbars joined the English banner. It passed to the crown in 1440 after the murder of the 16 year old earl William. Annan was on the borders, and so for most of its history was a largely lawless region and suffered predations by reavers, English raids, and fighting between local magnates. Annandale really only turned around after the union of the English and Scottish crowns, and the construction of a cotton mill in 1785. Despite this the region held a relatively high population for the entire period.
Population: 17560 (c. 1290*), 17852 (1755)
Trade good: Fibre crops.

Applecross:
In Wester Ross, I think this location makes more sense than any other you could have. Wester Ross has always had a low population, though the south was more populated than the north. The inheritance of Applecross by Ross is how Wester Ross passed to the Rosses in the first place. This region was mostly Gaelic speaking and held a relatively low population throughout the entire period. The MacKenzie clan supported the Jacobite rebellion in 1715, but not the second in 1746.
Population: 2208 (c. 1290*), 3426 (1755)
Trade good: Livestock.

Arbroath:
Largely under the control of the local abbey. Significantly damaged by fighting over the role of Chief Justiciary in 1446. The town emphatically backed the Jacobites in both rebellions, and it was an important supply port for both rebellions.
Population: 4038 (c. 1290*), 4786 (1755)
Trade good: Fibre crops I think would be a better trade good than Sturdy Grains, as it was an important port and it had jute and sail cloth industries during the time period.

Ardtornish:
Possesion of the lords of the Isles from between 1314 and 1320. Should the Balliol win the Scottish crown, this should be passed to Eóghan MacDougall, Lord of Argyll and Lorne.
Population: 3750 (c. 1290*), 6093 of which 2068 Catholic (1755*)
Trade good: Either sturdy grains or livestock. The soil quality wasn't great and food production only really picked up after potatoes were introduced in the 18th Century.

Ayr:
Ayr was the main port and market in Ayrshire from the 13th Century. It was the centre of the Kyle province, which was historically divided in two: the northern half was held by the Stewarts and the southern half by the kings. The town's population itself was between 1500-2000 people until the mid 18th Century. It suffered numerous outbreaks of plague: in 1545, 1585, 1587, 1597, 1601, 1606 and 1647.
Population: 15279 (c. 1290*), 20054 (1755)
Trade good: Wool, though either fish or livestock would also work. Coal was discovered in the 17th Century nearby.

Banff:
Banff resisted the reformation initially, with the 6th earl of Huntly defeating 10000 protestants under the 7th earl of Argyll at Glenlivet in 1594, though they were unable to follow up the victory. 1624-1645 was characterised with a lot of fighting against the clans in the area. It was staunchly Jacobite, and was a centre of the 1715 rebellion, though the 1745 rebellion wasn't much cared for here. Catholicism held out in several parts of the county.
Population: 14238 (c. 1290), 38478 (1755), 37216 (1801). 38433 (1811), 43663 (1821), 48337 (1831), 49679 (1841)
Trade good: Fish, though stone also makes sense. Wool and wheat/sturdy grains also makes sense.

Blairgowrie:
The province of Gowrie had excellent soil, and grew a lot of fruit from the middle ages onwards.
Population: 11170 (c. 1290*), 15415 (1755)
Trade good: Wheat, textiles became important in the 17th Century.

Brora:
The eastern half of Sutherland. Lots of names possible for this location, I went with Brora though someone else suggested Helmsdale.
Population: 1115 (c. 1290*), 4032 (1755)
Trade good: Fish or stone. Coal was discovered in 1529.

Bute:
Bute was a possession of the Stewarts, and Rothesay was the original centre of power for the family.
Population: 4385 (c. 1290*), 7125 (1755), 11791 (1801), 12033 (1811), 13797 (1821), 14151 (1831), 15740 (1841)
Trade good: Fish.

Comrie:
In Strathearn. Strathearn was in the possession of Malise V, Earl of Orkney. Balliol had forfeited Strathearn to give to John de Warenne, earl of Surrey but this was not effected as Strathearn remained under Scottish control. Comrie was struck badly by the plague in 1645, and by smallpox in the 1790s. Comrie remained Gaelic long after much of the surrounding region stopped. The region sympathised strongly with both Jacobite rebellions.
Population: 17593 (c. 1290*), 24278 (1755)
Trade good: Livestock or wool.

Cromarty:
Cromarty has been drawn to contain the Black Isle. It had an excellent harbour in the Cromarty Firth, and was on the pilgrimage route to Tain. George Ross, the earl of Cromarty was wealthy enough in the the late 18th Century to rebuild the entire town including a factory, brewery, harbour, courthose, church, and manor. The Black Isle was one of the first places in the highlands to be cleared.
Population: 2219 (c. 1290*), 10298 (1755)
Trade good: Fibre crops. Fish as an alternative.

Cupar:
Cupar was the main seat of the earls of Fife. It begins in 1337 occupied by the English/Balliol.
Population: 12939 (c. 1290*), 21368 (1755)
Trade good: Wheat.

Dingwall:
Dingwall was the seat of the earls of Ross. In 1411 Angus of the Isles failed to capture the town, but acquired all of Ross in 1438. This was confiscated by the king in 1475 after the discovery of the secret treaty with England. Dingwall castle was abandoned circa 1600 and the town fell into decline, being described as ruins and almost desolate in 1724.
Population: 3119 (c. 1290*), 9676 (1755)
Trade good: Game.

Dornoch:
Centre of the Sutherland's power, and seat of the diocese of Caithness.
Population: 1572 (c. 1290*), 9046 (1755)
Trade good: Game will do.

Dumbarton:
Dumbarton was a highly defensible town, and begins in 1337 as where Stewart is governing the Bruce's territory of Scotland in his absence (the king was in France in 1337). It was the centre of power of the Lennox family. The castle was repeatedly upgraded during the entire game timespan. Dumbarton was the centre of the kingdom of Alclud, and later belonged to the kingdom of Strathclyde. Flood protections were built for the town in 1605.
Population: 13857 (1755), 20710 (1801), 24189 (1811), 27317 (1821), 33221 (1831), 44296 (1841)
Trade good: Fish.

Dumfries:
Dumfries is drawn as the province of Nithsdale. It was an important market town and port. The Young Pretender set up his headquarters here in 1745. It was struck by a cholera outbreak in 1832.
Population: 27134 (c.1290*), 21936 (1755)
Trade good: Wool

Dunbar:
An important town and castle held by the Earls of Dunbar. At game start in 1337 it is still under control of the Earl of Dunbar and would, led by Agnes as the earl was leading an army elsewhere, repel a siege by the earl of Salisbury in 1338. the lands of the earls of Dunbar were forfeited in 1457.
Population: 10932 (c. 1290*), 29709 (1755), 29986 (1801), 31050 (1811), 35127 (1821), 36145 (1831), 35886 (1841)
Trade good: Wheat.

Dunblane:
In Menteith; site of an eponymous diocese. Menteith was under the control of the Swewarts of Menteith.
Population: 13660 (c. 1290*), 18851 (1755)
Trade good: Wheat.

Dundee:
Major port in Angus, under direct royal control.
Population: 18776 (c. 1290*), 22253 (1755)
Trade good: Fish.

Dundonnell:
The best name I can find of the province of Lochbroom (currently given the anachronistic name of Ullapool), in northwestern Ross.
Population: 1190 (c. 1290*), 2211 (1755)
Trade good: Salt.

Dunfermline:
De facto capital of Scotland until 1437, and site of an important Scottish abbey.
Population: 16855 (c. 1290*), 27835 (1755)
Trade good: Fibre crops.

Dunkeld:
The best name I can think to give to the province of Atholl (Aberfeldy is kinda anachronistic since that's really only known because of Burns). An alternative is Blair Atholl, centre of the Earls of Atholl. Site of a diocese. Should Balliol win the Scottish throne, this should be given to David IV Strathbogie as vassal territory.
Population: 16646 (c. 1290*), 22972 (1755)
Trade good: Livestock.

Dunollie:
Best name I can think of for the province of Lorne. Also contained Lismore, the seat of a diocese. 'Oban' is anachronistic. At game start, Ruaidhri mac Ailein of the MacRorys (in Mull) had been dispossessed but it is thought that he had his rights restored by Edward Balliol (though as Balliol's control never extended this far west, it never actually occurred). David II confirmed this in 1344 but only gave them back Garmoran and the North Isles. After his death in 1346, these lands were inherited by his sister Amy who married the Lord of the Isles, further extending them into Scotland. So in case of Balliol winning the Scottish throne, 'Lorne' should appear as a vassal here, Garmoran and Mull.
Population: 5196 (c. 1290*), 8442 (1755)
Trade good: Clay. The islands off the coast are known as the Slate Islands, and was the centre of Scottish slate production, so trade good of Stone also makes sense.

Dunoon:
Main town and castle on the Cowal peninsula. It was under royal control.
Population: 4922 (c. 1290), 7998 (1755)
Trade good: Clay.

Duns:
For March (Berwickshire), which is awkwardly misplaced as part of the location of Berwick. Duns was part of the property of the earls of Dunbar, though unlike Dunbar begins in 1337 under English occupation. The earl of Northumberland was defeated here in 1377 when the army's horses were scared by the rattles the farmers used to scare birds away from the crops.
Population: 30368 (c. 1290), 23987 (1755), 30206 (1801), 30893 (1811), 33385 (1821), 34048 (1831), 34438 (1841)
Trade good: Wheat.

Durness:
Western Strathnaver, and should begin in 1337 as belonging to that vassal. It was sold to Sutherland in the 18th Century due to debts.
Population: 1042 (c. 1290*), 3803 (1755)
Trade good: Clay.

Edinburgh:
Population: 33269 (c.1290*), 90412 (1755), 122597 (1801), 148607 (1811), 191514 (1821), 219345 (1831), 225454 (1841)
Trade good: Sturdy grains.

Elgin:
Centre of the province of Moray, and site of the cathedral of the diocese of Moray. In 1337 it was the capital of the vassal of Moray; should Balliol win the throne this vassal should be abolished (he was King David's uncle and certainly would never be allowed to retain his lands).
Population: 30604 (1755), 27760 (1801), 27697 (1811), 31398 (1821), 34498 (1831), 35012 (1841)
Trade good: Sturdy grains.

Forfar:
Should Balliol win the Scottish throne, Angus should be created a vassal here under Gilbert of Umfraville.
Population: 15760 (c. 1290*), 18678 (1755)
Trade good: Wool.

Gairloch:
The central parish of Wester Ross; and should start the game in 1337 as belonging to a vassal Ross.
Population: 1381 (c. 1290*), 2050 (1755)
Trade good: Livestock.

Garioch:
I combined this with Strathbogie to make smaller the locations in Aberdeenshire; this may not be desirable. Garioch was largely attached to the county of Mar from before this date, and starts under Christina Bruce or as straight up Scottish royal territory.
Population: 11715 (c. 1290*), 21464 (1755)
Trade good: Wool.

Glasgow:
Population: 30528 (c. 1290*), 58846 (1755)
Trade good: Horses, livestock or wool.

Harris:
Population: 1019 (c. 1290*), 1969 (1755)
Trade good: Fish.

Hawick:
Western Roxburghshire. Emerged in importance after Roxburgh was abandoned.
Population: 6758 (c.1290*), 6871 (1755)
Trade good: Wool.

Inverary:
Main city in Argyll.
Population: 5201 (c. 1290*), 8451 (1755)
Trade good: Salt.

Inverlochy:
Best name I can think of for the name of the province of Lochaber. Should begin in 1337 belonging to the Isles.
Population: 1891 (c. 1290*), 3073 (1755)
Trade good: Alum.

Inverness:
Population: 3421 (c. 1290*), 20624 of which 486 Catholic (1755)
Trade good: Sturdy grains.

Irvine:
Capital of the province of Cunninghame in northern Ayrshire. Experienced plague in 1546. The port at Irvine was very important but declined in the 18th Century due to silting.
Population: 21442 (c. 1290*), 28143 (1755)
Trade good: Livestock.

Islay:
Population: 3964 (c. 1290*), 6441 (1755)
Trade good: Fibre crops or fish.

Jedburgh:
In eastern Roxburghshire.
Population: 27377 (c. 1290*), 27833 (1755)
Trade good: Wheat.

Kenmore:
In Breadalbane, which was separated from Atholl in 1449, and fully separated in 1681.
Population: 3649 (c. 1290*), 5035 (1755)
Trade good: Livestock.

Kenmure:
A potential split of Kirkcudbrightshire.
Population: 5118 (c. 1290*), 4138 (1755)
Trade good: Wool.

Kildrummy:
In the province of Mar. Mar was administered by Christina Bruce in nearby Garioch as the child earl, Thomas, was a hostage in England at the time. He received Mar and Garioch in 1357. Should Balliol win the throne, Mar should be created a vassal for Richard Talbot.
Population: 10746 (c.1290*), 19688 (1755)
Trade good: Wool.

Kingussie:
Best name I can think of for the province of Badenoch. It was mostly Gaelic until the 20th Century. Should belong at game start to a vassal earl of Moray.
Population: 3449 (c. 1290*), 7442 of which 136 Catholic (1755)
Trade good: Lumber or game.

Kirkcaldy:
Should begin in 1337 belonging to a vassal Fife.
Population: 14355 (c. 1290*), 23706 (1755)
Trade good: Coal or salt.

Kirkcudbright:
Population: 21111 (c. 1290*), 17067 (1755)
Trade good: Wool.

Lanark:
Population: 11870 (c. 1290*), 22880 (1755)
Trade good: Horses or sturdy grains.

Lewis:
Population: 2150 (c. 1290*), 6386 (1755)
Trade good: Livestock.

Linlinthgow:
West Lothian. An early centre of leather goods.
6192 (c. 1290*), 16829 (1755), 17844 (1801), 19451 (1811), 22685 (1821), 23291 (1831), 26872 (1841)
Trade goods: Livestock.

Maybole:
The southern third of Ayrshire was the province of Carrick, centred at Maybole. It was attached to the royal family since Robert the Bruce, earl of Carrick, was crowned king in 1306.
Population: 8237 (c. 1290*), 10812 (1755)
Trade good: Livestock, or sturdy grains.

Montrose:
In eastern Angus; I've drawn it to be centred around Montrose and the cathedral town of Brechin. It was an important port city and exported hides and salmon.
Population: 13256 (c. 1290*), 15710 (1755)
Trade good: Livestock, or fish.

Mull:
Should begin in 1337 as belonging to Ruaidhri mac Ailein, who has been stripped of Lorne (Dunollie) by now. Should Balliol win the crown, they should also acquire Lorne. Mull passed to the Lordsip of the Isles by marriage in 1346.
Population: 7230 (c. 1290*), 11747 (1755)
Trade good: Fish.

Nairn:
An important royal city; should belong in 1337 under the vassal Moray (see Elgin).
Population: 1745 (c. 1290*), 5694 (1755), 8322 (1801), 8496 (1811), 9268 (1821), 9354 (1831), 9217 (1841)
Trade good: Sand.

Orkney:
Population: 23381 (1755), 24445 (1801), 23238 (1811), 26979 (1821), 28847 (1831), 30507 (1841)

Paisley:
Renfrewshire; the Port of Glasgow was built here in the 18th Century.
Population: 13823 (c. 1290*), 26645 (1755), 78501 (1801), 93172 (1811), 112175 (1821), 133443 (1831), 155072 (1841)
Trade good: Iron or wool.

Peebles:
Population: 17772 (c. 1290), 8908 (1755), 8735 (1801), 9935 (1811), 10046 (1821), 10578 (1831), 10499 (1841)
Trade good: Wool or livestock.

Perth:
Population: 24322 (c. 1290*), 33565 (1755)

Peterhead:
Best name I could think of for the province of Buchan.
Population: 24414 (c. 1290*), 44730 (1755)

Selkirk:
Population: 4039 (c. 1290), 4021 (1755), 5388 (1801), 5889 (1811), 6837 (1821), 6833 (1831), 7990 (1841)
Trade good: Lumber.

Shetland:
Population: 15210 (1755), 22379 (1801), 22915 (1811), 26145 (1821), 29392 (1831), 30558 (1841)

Skye:
In 1337 Skye had been conquered by the earls of Ross. This would pass to the Lords of the Isles with the rest of Ross in 1411.
Population: 2833 (c. 1290*), 12195 of which 582 Catholic (1755)

St Andrews:
Population: 13054 (c. 1290*), 21557 (1755)

Stirling:
Population: 24684 (c.1290), 37014 (1755), 50825 (1801), 58174 (1811), 65376 (1821), 72621 (1831), 82057 (1841)

Stonehaven:
For the province of the Mearns (Kincardineshire).
Population: 14273 (c. 1290), 23057 (1755), 26349 (1801), 27439 (1811), 29118 (1821), 31431 (1831), 33075 (1841)

Stranraer:
Important port of Wigtownshire. Should Balliol win the Scottish throne, Duncan MacDouall should petition for the restitution of rule in Stranraer and Wigtown.
Population: 9088 (c. 1290*), 8321 (1755)
Trade good: Livestock.

Tain:
An important town in northern Ross, and a centre of pilgrimage to the shrine of St Duthac. The town was resentful of its rule by the earls of Ross, who had violated its sanctuary to hand the family of Robert the Bruce to the English in the first War of Scottish Independence.
Population: 2743 (c. 1290*), 14406 (1755)
Trade good: Livestock.

Tarbert:
Best name for the province of Kintyre.
Population: 9138 (c. 1290*), 14848 (1755)

Thurso:
Should Caithness be split, the northern bit.
Population: 1171 (c. 1290*), 11891 (1755)
Trade good: Fish.

Tioram:
For the province of Garmoran. Should belong at game start to a vassal Uist.
Population: 1932 (c. 1290*), 3139 of which 1065 Catholic (1755*)

Tongue:
Population: 1174 (c. 1290*), 3893 (1755)
Trade good: Fish.

Uist:
Should be a vassal also owning Tioram.
Population: 5268 of which 3140 Catholic (1755)

Urquhart:
A split of Inverness location, if that was drawn to a more accurate representation. Should belong to Moray vassal in 1337.
Population: 1124 (c. 1290*), 8097 of which 1055 Catholic (1755)
Trade good: Livestock.

Wick:
Should Caithness be split, the southern bit.
Population: 1061 (c. 1290*), 10324 (1755)
Trade good: Fish.

Wigtown:
Should Balliol win the Scottish throne, Duncan MacDouall should petition for the restitution of rule in Wigtown and Stranraer.
Population: 8895 (c. 1290*), 8145 (1755)
Trade good: Horses.
 
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Continuing on from the previous post, I do recommend creating some of the Scottish vassals, not just the Isles. Ross I think is too important as it led to a major strengthening of the Isles after they acquired it in 1411. Others are more situational as to how you want this to play.

Scotland 1337 Political Situation.png


Caithness and Orkney:
Malise V was earl of Caithness and Orkney. He was also earl of Strathearn, however this was taken by Edward Balliol during the initial invasion, and then after Balliol's forces were defeated in the north was seized by Robert II Stewart. Malise spent most of the war in Caithness, and was unable to regain Strathearn.

Douglas:
William Douglas (of the Black Douglases) was leading a resistance out of Ettrick Forest in 1337. William did not have the connections other members of the family had, and so was using military prowess to obtain influence and power to win influence with court. He captured Liddesdale (in where I drew Hawick) in 1339 and made that his base of operations, and captured Edinburgh in 1341. In 1342 he was granted Atholl but was soon forced to give it up to Robert II Stewart, receiving instead Ewesdale and Eskdale (in where I drew Annan). William was killed by William Douglas (of the Red Douglases) in 1353.

William Douglas (of the Red Douglases) was able to build a base of power in Dumfriesshire and Roxburghshire, especially after killing William of the Black Douglases in 1353. I think the Douglas estate that emerged would be vassal-worthy given their power was compared to the Isles and the Albany Stewarts.

Dunbar and March:
Patrick V was earl of March and Dunbar and was actively fighting in the war. Dunbar was not under English occupation and repelled a siege in 1339. Berwickshire (March) was occupied.

Fife:
Donnchadh IV was earl of Fife in 1337. Cupar, Fife's capital, was under English occupation in 1337. Fife was ceded to the Albany Stewarts in 1371.

Garioch:
Christina Bruce, aunt of King David II, was ruling in Garioch and over Mar. She led the defence of Kildrummy in Mar against the English in 1335. After her death in 1357, Mar and Garioch were returned to Thomas of Mar. These two locations could logically just be part of Scotland in 1337.

Isles:
Based at Islay, John of Islay was the Lord of the Isles in 1337. He was ostensibly backing Balliol in the civil war and took possession of Lochaber as granted by Balliol for his backing but took no part in any actual fighting. He inherited Garmoran and Uist in 1346 after the murder of Raghnall Mac Ruaidhrí. In 1346 John allied Robert II Stewart and split the large county of Moray between themselves following the death of John Randolph and the capture of the king by England. He received Kintyre in 1350 as dowry for marrying the daughter of his ally Robert II Stewart. The Moray territories were lost when the king returned and marched an army to Inverness in 1369. From 1411 to 1424 the Isles fought for and took control of Ross. Ross was forfeited in 1476, and the Isles were abolished in 1493.

Lennox:
Domhnall was the earl of Lennox in 1337. The line of Lennox ended in 1425 when their close connections with the Albany Stewarts saw them killed off following a failed revolt.

Menteith:
Ruled by Mary II of the Menteith Stewarts. Could be simplified as part of Robert II Stewart's territories.

Moray:
John Randolph, cousin to the king, was earl of Moray in 1337 and co-regent of Scotland but was a prisoner of the English since 1335. He was freed in an exchange for the earl of Salisbury, and was killed in battle in 1346. After his death, Moray was divided between the John, Lord of the Isles, and Robert II Stewart.

Ross:
William III was earl of Ross in 1337. He was at the successful siege of Perth in 1339. He killed Raghnall MacRuaidhrí (of Uist) in 1346, and fearing the fallout returned back to the north instead of accompanying the king in the failed invasion of England that year. After Euphemia II had been pressured to resign as Countess in 1405, the Stewarts made John Stewart of Buchan count, but in 1411 this was challenged by Alexander of Islay, Lord of the Isles, who had a much stronger claim and took over the county with a 10000 strong army. It remained part of the Isles until 1476.

Stewart:
Robert II, King David II's nephew, was the High Steward of Scotland in 1337. The Stewarts were based out of Rothesay on Bute. Mainland possessions in Renfrew and Ayrshire were under Scottish occupation in 1337. He had also seized Strathearn in 1335 from Malise V, Earl of Caithness and Orkney. In 1342 he acquired Atholl. Robert II allied with John of Islay, Lord of the Isles, to split up the county of Moray between themselves following the death of John Randolph in 1346. In 1371 he succeeded David II to the Scottish throne. As David II's heir, depending of mechanics it may make sense for the Stewarts to be part of Scotland proper.

Thomas Stewart, a child, was also count of Angus.

Note: the Albany Stewarts, descendents of Robert II's third son Robert, were powerful magnates on their own, no less significant than the Lords of the Isles or the Douglases. If you did later start dates, it would make sense for the Albany Stewarts to be their own vassal tag.

Strathnaver:
The Mackay clan in Strathnaver were led by Iye Mackay in 1337. The Mackays were arch-enemies with the Sutherlands by this point, something that would continue until they were forced by debt to sell western Strathnaver to Sutherland in the 17th/18th Century, and the rest of their rights to them in 1829. I don't know what Iye Mackay was doing during the war. It may make sense to leave Strathnaver under direct royal control, though they were strengthened by the king during Iye's reign to counterbalance the relatively powerful Sutherlands.

Sutherland:
William de Moravia was earl of Sutherland in 1337. He joined Patrick V of March in the invasion of England in 1340. Any earlier involvement in the war cannot be proven. The Sutherlands were relatively powerful and wealthy for much of the game period, and received viceregal powers in 1345. In 1829 they obtained the rights over Strathnaver, their ancient enemy.

Uist:
Raghnall Mac Ruaidhrí was the chief of Clan Ruaidhrí, one of the three branches of the heirs of Somerled. Raghnall had lost Lorne in 1323. He took no part in the war, and married his sister Aine to the Lord of the Isles. He was killed by the Earl of Ross in 1346, in which his territories passed to the Isles. It does make sense to include these as part of the Isles in 1337, though this wouldn't be entirely correct. As descendents of Somerled, Clan Ruaidhrí had considerable rights in the Hebrides.
 
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Continuing on from the previous post, I do recommend creating some of the Scottish vassals, not just the Isles. Ross I think is too important as it led to a major strengthening of the Isles after they acquired it in 1411. Others are more situational as to how you want this to play.

View attachment 1188808

Caithness and Orkney:
Malise V was earl of Caithness and Orkney. He was also earl of Strathearn, however this was taken by Edward Balliol during the initial invasion, and then after Balliol's forces were defeated in the north was seized by Robert II Stewart. Malise spent most of the war in Caithness, and was unable to regain Strathearn.

Douglas:
William Douglas (of the Black Douglases) was leading a resistance out of Ettrick Forest in 1337. William did not have the connections other members of the family had, and so was using military prowess to obtain influence and power to win influence with court. He captured Liddesdale (in where I drew Hawick) in 1339 and made that his base of operations, and captured Edinburgh in 1341. In 1342 he was granted Atholl but was soon forced to give it up to Robert II Stewart, receiving instead Ewesdale and Eskdale (in where I drew Annan). William was killed by William Douglas (of the Red Douglases) in 1353.

William Douglas (of the Red Douglases) was able to build a base of power in Dumfriesshire and Roxburghshire, especially after killing William of the Black Douglases in 1353. I think the Douglas estate that emerged would be vassal-worthy given their power was compared to the Isles and the Albany Stewarts.

Dunbar and March:
Patrick V was earl of March and Dunbar and was actively fighting in the war. Dunbar was not under English occupation and repelled a siege in 1339. Berwickshire (March) was occupied.

Fife:
Donnchadh IV was earl of Fife in 1337. Cupar, Fife's capital, was under English occupation in 1337. Fife was ceded to the Albany Stewarts in 1371.

Garioch:
Christina Bruce, aunt of King David II, was ruling in Garioch and over Mar. She led the defence of Kildrummy in Mar against the English in 1335. After her death in 1357, Mar and Garioch were returned to Thomas of Mar. These two locations could logically just be part of Scotland in 1337.

Isles:
Based at Islay, John of Islay was the Lord of the Isles in 1337. He was ostensibly backing Balliol in the civil war and took possession of Lochaber as granted by Balliol for his backing but took no part in any actual fighting. He inherited Garmoran and Uist in 1346 after the murder of Raghnall Mac Ruaidhrí. In 1346 John allied Robert II Stewart and split the large county of Moray between themselves following the death of John Randolph and the capture of the king by England. He received Kintyre in 1350 as dowry for marrying the daughter of his ally Robert II Stewart. The Moray territories were lost when the king returned and marched an army to Inverness in 1369. From 1411 to 1424 the Isles fought for and took control of Ross. Ross was forfeited in 1476, and the Isles were abolished in 1493.

Lennox:
Domhnall was the earl of Lennox in 1337. The line of Lennox ended in 1425 when their close connections with the Albany Stewarts saw them killed off following a failed revolt.

Menteith:
Ruled by Mary II of the Menteith Stewarts. Could be simplified as part of Robert II Stewart's territories.

Moray:
John Randolph, cousin to the king, was earl of Moray in 1337 and co-regent of Scotland but was a prisoner of the English since 1335. He was freed in an exchange for the earl of Salisbury, and was killed in battle in 1346. After his death, Moray was divided between the John, Lord of the Isles, and Robert II Stewart.

Ross:
William III was earl of Ross in 1337. He was at the successful siege of Perth in 1339. He killed Raghnall MacRuaidhrí (of Uist) in 1346, and fearing the fallout returned back to the north instead of accompanying the king in the failed invasion of England that year. After Euphemia II had been pressured to resign as Countess in 1405, the Stewarts made John Stewart of Buchan count, but in 1411 this was challenged by Alexander of Islay, Lord of the Isles, who had a much stronger claim and took over the county with a 10000 strong army. It remained part of the Isles until 1476.

Stewart:
Robert II, King David II's nephew, was the High Steward of Scotland in 1337. The Stewarts were based out of Rothesay on Bute. Mainland possessions in Renfrew and Ayrshire were under Scottish occupation in 1337. He had also seized Strathearn in 1335 from Malise V, Earl of Caithness and Orkney. In 1342 he acquired Atholl. Robert II allied with John of Islay, Lord of the Isles, to split up the county of Moray between themselves following the death of John Randolph in 1346. In 1371 he succeeded David II to the Scottish throne. As David II's heir, depending of mechanics it may make sense for the Stewarts to be part of Scotland proper.

Thomas Stewart, a child, was also count of Angus.

Note: the Albany Stewarts, descendents of Robert II's third son Robert, were powerful magnates on their own, no less significant than the Lords of the Isles or the Douglases. If you did later start dates, it would make sense for the Albany Stewarts to be their own vassal tag.

Strathnaver:
The Mackay clan in Strathnaver were led by Iye Mackay in 1337. The Mackays were arch-enemies with the Sutherlands by this point, something that would continue until they were forced by debt to sell western Strathnaver to Sutherland in the 17th/18th Century, and the rest of their rights to them in 1829. I don't know what Iye Mackay was doing during the war. It may make sense to leave Strathnaver under direct royal control, though they were strengthened by the king during Iye's reign to counterbalance the relatively powerful Sutherlands.

Sutherland:
William de Moravia was earl of Sutherland in 1337. He joined Patrick V of March in the invasion of England in 1340. Any earlier involvement in the war cannot be proven. The Sutherlands were relatively powerful and wealthy for much of the game period, and received viceregal powers in 1345. In 1829 they obtained the rights over Strathnaver, their ancient enemy.

Uist:
Raghnall Mac Ruaidhrí was the chief of Clan Ruaidhrí, one of the three branches of the heirs of Somerled. Raghnall had lost Lorne in 1323. He took no part in the war, and married his sister Aine to the Lord of the Isles. He was killed by the Earl of Ross in 1346, in which his territories passed to the Isles. It does make sense to include these as part of the Isles in 1337, though this wouldn't be entirely correct. As descendents of Somerled, Clan Ruaidhrí had considerable rights in the Hebrides.
This is a great summary. The most important vassal imo are still the Isles, Moray, and Ross, with it being reasonable to combine Uist and Isles. I like having the highlands mostly divided between vassals outside of the royal burghs to highlight their general lack of royal oversight and distance from the main centers of power, especially Strathnaver, Sutherland, and Caithness.

I think a lot of the lowland vassals are less important to represent as actual tags - Dunbar and Douglas make sense to represent the marches, especially with the vast lands David II granted to Douglas over the throughout his reign. Having Robert II as a tag is also a great way to represent the conflict between David and his uncle-heir.

I do think simplifying Fife, Angus, and Menteith to either Scotland proper or the Steward is the best thing, Scotland doesn't need a ton of ULMs (uni-location minors). The only vassal I disagree with is Lennox, because Dumbarton was a pivotal royal castle and I think that outweighs the important of having Lennox as a vassal.

Garioch is super interesting. I mostly ignored it in my own suggestions because Christina Bruce's holdings were returned to Mar after her death and it seems she did not have any children in either of her marriages, and she was in her late fifties to early sixties in 1337, so on the balance I would probably cut Garioch just like I would Fife, Angus, and Menteith because their succession was basically already confirmed to devolve to either the Bruce or the Steward.
 
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Continuing on from the previous post, I do recommend creating some of the Scottish vassals, not just the Isles. Ross I think is too important as it led to a major strengthening of the Isles after they acquired it in 1411. Others are more situational as to how you want this to play.

View attachment 1188808

Caithness and Orkney:
Malise V was earl of Caithness and Orkney. He was also earl of Strathearn, however this was taken by Edward Balliol during the initial invasion, and then after Balliol's forces were defeated in the north was seized by Robert II Stewart. Malise spent most of the war in Caithness, and was unable to regain Strathearn.

Douglas:
William Douglas (of the Black Douglases) was leading a resistance out of Ettrick Forest in 1337. William did not have the connections other members of the family had, and so was using military prowess to obtain influence and power to win influence with court. He captured Liddesdale (in where I drew Hawick) in 1339 and made that his base of operations, and captured Edinburgh in 1341. In 1342 he was granted Atholl but was soon forced to give it up to Robert II Stewart, receiving instead Ewesdale and Eskdale (in where I drew Annan). William was killed by William Douglas (of the Red Douglases) in 1353.

William Douglas (of the Red Douglases) was able to build a base of power in Dumfriesshire and Roxburghshire, especially after killing William of the Black Douglases in 1353. I think the Douglas estate that emerged would be vassal-worthy given their power was compared to the Isles and the Albany Stewarts.

Dunbar and March:
Patrick V was earl of March and Dunbar and was actively fighting in the war. Dunbar was not under English occupation and repelled a siege in 1339. Berwickshire (March) was occupied.

Fife:
Donnchadh IV was earl of Fife in 1337. Cupar, Fife's capital, was under English occupation in 1337. Fife was ceded to the Albany Stewarts in 1371.

Garioch:
Christina Bruce, aunt of King David II, was ruling in Garioch and over Mar. She led the defence of Kildrummy in Mar against the English in 1335. After her death in 1357, Mar and Garioch were returned to Thomas of Mar. These two locations could logically just be part of Scotland in 1337.

Isles:
Based at Islay, John of Islay was the Lord of the Isles in 1337. He was ostensibly backing Balliol in the civil war and took possession of Lochaber as granted by Balliol for his backing but took no part in any actual fighting. He inherited Garmoran and Uist in 1346 after the murder of Raghnall Mac Ruaidhrí. In 1346 John allied Robert II Stewart and split the large county of Moray between themselves following the death of John Randolph and the capture of the king by England. He received Kintyre in 1350 as dowry for marrying the daughter of his ally Robert II Stewart. The Moray territories were lost when the king returned and marched an army to Inverness in 1369. From 1411 to 1424 the Isles fought for and took control of Ross. Ross was forfeited in 1476, and the Isles were abolished in 1493.

Lennox:
Domhnall was the earl of Lennox in 1337. The line of Lennox ended in 1425 when their close connections with the Albany Stewarts saw them killed off following a failed revolt.

Menteith:
Ruled by Mary II of the Menteith Stewarts. Could be simplified as part of Robert II Stewart's territories.

Moray:
John Randolph, cousin to the king, was earl of Moray in 1337 and co-regent of Scotland but was a prisoner of the English since 1335. He was freed in an exchange for the earl of Salisbury, and was killed in battle in 1346. After his death, Moray was divided between the John, Lord of the Isles, and Robert II Stewart.

Ross:
William III was earl of Ross in 1337. He was at the successful siege of Perth in 1339. He killed Raghnall MacRuaidhrí (of Uist) in 1346, and fearing the fallout returned back to the north instead of accompanying the king in the failed invasion of England that year. After Euphemia II had been pressured to resign as Countess in 1405, the Stewarts made John Stewart of Buchan count, but in 1411 this was challenged by Alexander of Islay, Lord of the Isles, who had a much stronger claim and took over the county with a 10000 strong army. It remained part of the Isles until 1476.

Stewart:
Robert II, King David II's nephew, was the High Steward of Scotland in 1337. The Stewarts were based out of Rothesay on Bute. Mainland possessions in Renfrew and Ayrshire were under Scottish occupation in 1337. He had also seized Strathearn in 1335 from Malise V, Earl of Caithness and Orkney. In 1342 he acquired Atholl. Robert II allied with John of Islay, Lord of the Isles, to split up the county of Moray between themselves following the death of John Randolph in 1346. In 1371 he succeeded David II to the Scottish throne. As David II's heir, depending of mechanics it may make sense for the Stewarts to be part of Scotland proper.

Thomas Stewart, a child, was also count of Angus.

Note: the Albany Stewarts, descendents of Robert II's third son Robert, were powerful magnates on their own, no less significant than the Lords of the Isles or the Douglases. If you did later start dates, it would make sense for the Albany Stewarts to be their own vassal tag.

Strathnaver:
The Mackay clan in Strathnaver were led by Iye Mackay in 1337. The Mackays were arch-enemies with the Sutherlands by this point, something that would continue until they were forced by debt to sell western Strathnaver to Sutherland in the 17th/18th Century, and the rest of their rights to them in 1829. I don't know what Iye Mackay was doing during the war. It may make sense to leave Strathnaver under direct royal control, though they were strengthened by the king during Iye's reign to counterbalance the relatively powerful Sutherlands.

Sutherland:
William de Moravia was earl of Sutherland in 1337. He joined Patrick V of March in the invasion of England in 1340. Any earlier involvement in the war cannot be proven. The Sutherlands were relatively powerful and wealthy for much of the game period, and received viceregal powers in 1345. In 1829 they obtained the rights over Strathnaver, their ancient enemy.

Uist:
Raghnall Mac Ruaidhrí was the chief of Clan Ruaidhrí, one of the three branches of the heirs of Somerled. Raghnall had lost Lorne in 1323. He took no part in the war, and married his sister Aine to the Lord of the Isles. He was killed by the Earl of Ross in 1346, in which his territories passed to the Isles. It does make sense to include these as part of the Isles in 1337, though this wouldn't be entirely correct. As descendents of Somerled, Clan Ruaidhrí had considerable rights in the Hebrides.
With this many vassals it would allow for many alternative outcomes for the Second Scottish War of Independence which would be cool.
 
Last post, this time looking at what new vassals would exist should Edward Balliol win the English throne. Note: I couldn't find a nice list of the dispossessed and the lands they were promised, so the below may well be incomplete and incorrect.

The main drivers of the 2nd War of Scottish Independence were Henry de Beaumont and Thomas Wake, dispossessed nobles from Scotland who were angry at the Treaty of Northampton 1328. Several other dispossessed nobles also followed and have been promised their lands back. Lastly, a chunk of Scotland had been promised to England as well. The result would've been a weaker Scotland with a weaker king. Maybe not all these vassals would or should be created but some, especially Buchan, seem almost impossible to not be.

Scotland Balliol Victory.png


First and foremost, I cannot imagine that Moray under Thomas Randolph would be allowed to remain in existence. I also suspect that Robert II Stewart would not be allowed to retain any territories as he was David II's heir. England had been promised Lothian, Dumfriesshire, Roxburghshire, Peeblesshire and Selkirkshire as per the 1334 Treaty of Newcastle (thanks Slupie).

Angus:
Gilbert de Umfraville was the son of Robert de Umfraville, the dispossessed former earl of Angus. I don't know what Gilbert was doing during the war, nor if he or one of his brothers would've obtained Angus.

Argyll and Lorne:
John MacGougall (Gallda: 'the Foreigner') was the grandson of the dispossessed John MacDougall, lord of Argyll. He led a fleet in the initial invasion. I originally had thought that Edward Balliol would have given to him several lands that the Lord of the Isles had received in the meantime. However more reading when writing this post instead suggests that he would only receive the lands John of Islay didn't have. So this would be Lorne (Dunollie). I don't know where 'Argyll' was defined as; here I'm assuming this would be a contiguous territory south to the Cowal Peninsula. Kintyre would not be included as that too was promised to John of Islay.

Interestingly the MacDougalls were able to return to Lorne anyway in the 14th Century, though the date and circumstances are unknown.

Atholl:
David IV Strathbogie was the heir to the dispossessed former earl of Atholl, David II Strathbogie. He was a child at the time; his father David III had been killed at the Battle of Culblean in 1335 by Andrew Murray.

Buchan:
Henry de Beaumont was the main instigator of the English invasion and Edward Balliol's claiming of the Scottish throne, and had spent decades agitating for the restoration of Buchan. He was the husband of Alice Comyn, and thus jure uxoris claimant to Buchan and Mar. I suspect that he would have sought control over all of the former Comyn lands, which would also include Badenoch and possibly Elgin. In 1337 he was in England after being ousted from the north by Andrew Murray. Beaumont was loyal to England and so would be an incredibly disloyal vassal of Edward Balliol's, and there was likely no way Balliol could avoid giving him the former Comyn country in the event of his victory.

Liddesdale:
Thomas Wake was the other main agitator for the 2nd War of Scottish Independence, and was looking to regain Liddesdale on the Scottish-English border.

Strathearn:
Edward Balliol had ousted Malise V (also earl of Caithness and Orkney) from Strathearn to give it to his ally John de Warenne.

Wigtown:
Duncan MacDouall was the heir of the dispossessed Dungal MacDouall, Lord of Wigtown. I don't know what he was doing during the war. His family had been freed of their debts in 1328 by Edward III of England, so it's likely he would have been instated in Wigtownshire.
 

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Last post, this time looking at what new vassals would exist should Edward Balliol win the English throne. Note: I couldn't find a nice list of the dispossessed and the lands they were promised, so the below may well be incomplete and incorrect.

The main drivers of the 2nd War of Scottish Independence were Henry de Beaumont and Thomas Wake, dispossessed nobles from Scotland who were angry at the Treaty of Northampton 1328. Several other dispossessed nobles also followed and have been promised their lands back. Lastly, a chunk of Scotland had been promised to England as well. The result would've been a weaker Scotland with a weaker king. Maybe not all these vassals would or should be created but some, especially Buchan, seem almost impossible to not be.

View attachment 1189113

First and foremost, I cannot imagine that Moray under Thomas Randolph would be allowed to remain in existence. I also suspect that Robert II Stewart would not be allowed to retain any territories as he was David II's heir. England had been promised Lothian, and I assume this may have also included Roxburghshire.

Angus:
Gilbert de Umfraville was the son of Robert de Umfraville, the dispossessed former earl of Angus. I don't know what Gilbert was doing during the war, nor if he or one of his brothers would've obtained Angus.

Argyll and Lorne:
John MacGougall (Gallda: 'the Foreigner') was the grandson of the dispossessed John MacDougall, lord of Argyll. He led a fleet in the initial invasion. I originally had thought that Edward Balliol would have given to him several lands that the Lord of the Isles had received in the meantime. However more reading when writing this post instead suggests that he would only receive the lands John of Islay didn't have. So this would be Lorne (Dunollie). I don't know where 'Argyll' was defined as; here I'm assuming this would be a contiguous territory south to the Cowal Peninsula. Kintyre would not be included as that too was promised to John of Islay.

Interestingly the MacDougalls were able to return to Lorne anyway in the 14th Century, though the date and circumstances are unknown.

Atholl:
David IV Strathbogie was the heir to the dispossessed former earl of Atholl, David II Strathbogie. He was a child at the time; his father David III had been killed at the Battle of Culblean in 1335 by Andrew Murray.

Buchan:
Henry de Beaumont was the main instigator of the English invasion and Edward Balliol's claiming of the Scottish throne, and had spent decades agitating for the restoration of Buchan. He was the husband of Alice Comyn, and thus jure uxoris claimant to Buchan and Mar. I suspect that he would have sought control over all of the former Comyn lands, which would also include Badenoch and possibly Elgin. In 1337 he was in England after being ousted from the north by Andrew Murray. Beaumont was loyal to England and so would be an incredibly disloyal vassal of Edward Balliol's, and there was likely no way Balliol could avoid giving him the former Comyn country in the event of his victory.

Liddesdale:
Thomas Wake was the other main agitator for the 2nd War of Scottish Independence, and was looking to regain Liddesdale on the Scottish-English border.

Strathearn:
Edward Balliol had ousted Malise V (also earl of Caithness and Orkney) from Strathearn to give it to his ally John de Warenne.

Wigtown:
Duncan MacDouall was the heir of the dispossessed Dungal MacDouall, Lord of Wigtown. I don't know what he was doing during the war. His family had been freed of their debts in 1328 by Edward III of England, so it's likely he would have been instated in Wigtownshire.
One note here, I think England really should have more land in the case of a Balliol win. Per the 1334 Treaty of Newcastle from this site
1/56/13 Edward, king of Scots, noting the 2,000 librates of land in southern Scotland which he owes the king of England, gives his lord and cousin, Lord Edward, king of England the castles, towns, and counties of Berwick-upon-Tweed and Roxburgh, the town, castle and forest of Jedburgh, the town and county of Selkirk, the forests of Selkirk and Ettrick, the town, castle and county of Edinburgh, with the constabularies of Haddington and Linlithgow, the town and county of Peebles, and the town, castle and county of Dumfries, separated from the royal dignity and crown of Scotland forever.

Per your map, I would give England all of Teviotdale, Annan, Dumfries, and all of Lothian except Stirling. I don't think that Douglas could hold out against the English and Balliol both.

I would also give Skye to the Isles, in that same link from before there are other letters patent and Balliol granted Skye to the Isles in addition to Kintyre, Lochaber, and several other islands.
 
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One note here, I think England really should have more land in the case of a Balliol win. Per the 1334 Treaty of Newcastle from this site


Per your map, I would give England all of Teviotdale, Annan, Dumfries, and all of Lothian except Stirling. I don't think that Douglas could hold out against the English and Balliol both.

I would also give Skye to the Isles, in that same link from before there are other letters patent and Balliol granted Skye to the Isles in addition to Kintyre, Lochaber, and several other islands.
Updated the post. Thanks for the info.
 
Salt - There is very little salt, 4 locations. I don't know if that is historical. I tried to find major salt sources and there just weren't any (other than the ones I represented). As far as I could tell, there was small sea salt industry in many places. That is difficult to model.

I have done a bit more searching for salt in England.

All of the "wiches" in Cheshire were known for salt production (Nantwich, Northwich, and Middlewich). So, the sand in Cheshire could be replaced with a second salt (there is already a sand in the region).

Cheshire salt.png

Bitterne Manor was known for its salt production. So, the lumber in Hampshire could be replaced with a second salt, then the southern wheat could be made into lumber instead.

Hampshire salt.png
 
Would it be possible to incorporate the Cinque Ports into the gameplay? Also, will the gallowglasses be making an appearence?

The language we call Scots was at this time, and until the late 15th century, called English (Inglis and other forms), whereas the word Scottis was reserved for the language of the Scottish Gaels. After the shift, Anglic-speaking people in Scotland adopted the word for themselves and called their Gaelic-speaking neighbors Irish (Erse and other forms).


My own preference is that we avoid giving any of these cultures a name that implies that the people belonging to them were the true Scotsmen. (There are, of course, no true Scotsmen.)

Move south, to the Anglo-Scottish border and the marches that had been established on both sides of it, and we have a very fluid situation. The border had moved around for centuries in both directions. It remained relatively stable after 1337, though it was not settled for good until the final English takeover of Berwick (1482) and the partition of the Debatable Lands (1552). But there's no inherent reason why it can't move around some more in the game - I'd almost be surprised if it didn't. The people themselves were organized into clans on both sides of the border and flexible in their allegiances, and lived under their own system of customary law. In short, these were people who'd feel far less bothered about ending up on the other side of the border than someone from Edinburgh would be with finding his city annexed by England or someone from Middlesbrough would be with having to become a Scot.

Even further south, at least some use of Northumbrian as a demonym seems to have persisted, and not just in reference to the smaller Northumberland County. Whereas the linguistic differences between English north and south of the Humber were widely noted.


The way I'd go about making sense of all of this is as follows: Create a Marcher culture out of the English and Scots culture zones around the Anglo-Scottish border. Create a Northumbrian culture in the rest of England north of the Humber. Rename the English culture to South English. Rename the rest of the Scots culture to Lawland (not a typo). Rename the Highland culture to Hieland.


The Norse-Gael culture should be renamed to something less... modern. Even the spelling Gael has no business being there in 1337. It seems obvious to me that we should call them by their own name, which was... oh, the Gaels and their absurd orthography. I'm pretty sure the term in Classical Gaelic for a member of this group would have been Gall-Gaoidheal, and I think the adjective for that would have been Gall-Gaoidhealg. Maybe remove the hyphen and make it Gallgaoidhealg. (I have no idea how any of these are supposed to be pronounced, and they should all be double-checked with someone who knows something, anything, about Classical Gaelic.) Or just Anglicize it to Gall-Goidelic. Also, if you intend to create a culture group for all the Gaelic-speakers, call it Goidelic.

Welsh was still spoken in Herefordshire and Shropshire, and possibly other parts of western England, at this time.


Does the Norwegian culture in the Northern Isles mean that the Faroes are also considered within the Norwegian culture zone? Because that's what would be most consistent.

The Anglo-Irish I'd include into the English and reduce in spread, especially outside the Pale, to reflect the process of Gaelicization. They were less their own distinct culture and more a group of people drawing later historians' attention to themselves by undergoing a process of cultural assimilation.

It's nice that you have an English minority in Pembroke to simulate the so-called Little England beyond Wales, but I think it would be better to just split it into St Davids in the north (Welsh - Britain's smallest city) and Herford in the south (English majority, Welsh minority - not Haverfordwest, which is the modern name).

Anglesey is an island and should be depicted as such.

Oxford should be Oxenford.

Uist should be divided into North and South Uist. Jura should be detached from Islay.

Kilkenny (ohmygod!) is in Leinster, not Munster, and should be moved to the appropriate area (and therefore a different province).

County Westmeath was only created out of Meath in 1542. You really should just attach it to the province of Meath - it wouldn't be that large, and it would serve as compensation for depriving one of Ireland's traditional cúigí (literally "fifths") of its status.

Kintyre is a peninsula, not an island, and should therefore be part of the province of Argyll in the area of the Highlands. As for the rest of the Hebrides, since the area includes Arran and the Isle of Man but the actual archipelago does not, it should be renamed to the Sudreys (a name which does reach that far south, and which Thomas the Tank Engine fans might be familiar with). Skye should be transferred from the Outer to the Inner Hebrides, which should be renamed to the Inner Hebrides & Mann.

Alternatively, keep Kintyre within its current area, rename that area to the Sudreys & Kintyre, and divide it into the provinces of the Outer Hebrides, Inner Hebrides (with Skye), and Kintyre & Mann (with Arran).

The Northern Isles should be the Norðreyjar (their native name) or the Nordreys (its Anglicization, consistent with the Sudreys).

Not sure about West Country, but the term Home Counties did not yet exist.

(Edited for italicization.)
 
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Last post, this time looking at what new vassals would exist should Edward Balliol win the English throne. Note: I couldn't find a nice list of the dispossessed and the lands they were promised, so the below may well be incomplete and incorrect.

The main drivers of the 2nd War of Scottish Independence were Henry de Beaumont and Thomas Wake, dispossessed nobles from Scotland who were angry at the Treaty of Northampton 1328. Several other dispossessed nobles also followed and have been promised their lands back. Lastly, a chunk of Scotland had been promised to England as well. The result would've been a weaker Scotland with a weaker king. Maybe not all these vassals would or should be created but some, especially Buchan, seem almost impossible to not be.

View attachment 1189401

First and foremost, I cannot imagine that Moray under Thomas Randolph would be allowed to remain in existence. I also suspect that Robert II Stewart would not be allowed to retain any territories as he was David II's heir. England had been promised Lothian, Dumfriesshire, Roxburghshire, Peeblesshire and Selkirkshire as per the 1334 Treaty of Newcastle (thanks Slupie).

I'd possibly include Kenmure and Kirkcudbright, effectively placing the border along the River Cree, in the to the secession to England. It's how Tout mapped it out, and it does look that little bit neater.

1000019413.jpg
 
The Norse-Gael culture should be renamed to something less... modern. Even the spelling Gael has no business being there in 1337. It seems obvious to me that we should call them by their own name, which was... oh, the Gaels and their absurd orthography. I'm pretty sure the term in Classical Gaelic for a member of this group would have been Gall-Gaoidheal, and I think the adjective for that would have been Gall-Gaoidhealg. Maybe remove the hyphen and make it Gallgaoidhealg. (I have no idea how any of these are supposed to be pronounced, and they should all be double-checked with someone who knows something, anything, about Classical Gaelic.) Or just Anglicize it to Gall-Goidelic. Also, if you intend to create a culture group for all the Gaelic-speakers, call it Goidelic.
A very good post in general but Gaoidhealg is the Gaelic language. Gaoidhealach would be Gaelic as an adjective. I'd imagine though that Gallghaoidhil as a plural from of the noun would suffice.
 
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Would it be possible to incorporate the Cinque Ports into the gameplay? Also, will the gallowglasses be making an appearence?

The language we call Scots was at this time, and until the late 15th century, called English (Inglis and other forms), whereas the word Scottis was reserved for the language of the Scottish Gaels. After the shift, Anglic-speaking people in Scotland adopted the word for themselves and called their Gaelic-speaking neighbors Irish (Erse and other forms).


My own preference is that we avoid giving any of these cultures a name that implies that the people belonging to them were the true Scotsmen. (There are, of course, no true Scotsmen.)

Move south, to the Anglo-Scottish border and the marches that had been established on both sides of it, and we have a very fluid situation. The border had moved around for centuries in both directions. It remained relatively stable after 1337, though it was not settled for good until the final English takeover of Berwick (1482) and the partition of the Debatable Lands (1552). But there's no inherent reason why it can't move around some more in the game - I'd almost be surprised if it didn't. The people themselves were organized into clans on both sides of the border and flexible in their allegiances, and lived under their own system of customary law. In short, these were people who'd feel far less bothered about ending up on the other side of the border than someone from Edinburgh would be with finding his city annexed by England or someone from Middlesbrough would be with having to become a Scot.

Even further south, at least some use of Northumbrian as a demonym seems to have persisted, and not just in reference to the smaller Northumberland County. Whereas the linguistic differences between English north and south of the Humber were widely noted.


The way I'd go about making sense of all of this is as follows: Create a Marcher culture out of the English and Scots culture zones around the Anglo-Scottish border. Create a Northumbrian culture in the rest of England north of the Humber. Rename the English culture to South English. Rename the rest of the Scots culture to Lawland (not a typo). Rename the Highland culture to Hieland
I think we should be really cautious about really heavily splitting cultures again. I know the general vibe in this feedback is to add Northumbrian as a culture, but there needs to be more than linguistic differences between groups to truly define it, and adding Marcher as a culture in addition to Northumbrian is quite a stretch imo. On top of that, a certain amount of ahistorical culture naming should be accepted for it to make sense.
 
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I think we should be really cautious about really heavily splitting cultures again. I know the general vibe in this feedback is to add Northumbrian as a culture, but there needs to be more than linguistic differences between groups to truly define it, and adding Marcher as a culture in addition to Northumbrian is quite a stretch imo. On top of that, a certain amount of ahistorical culture naming should be accepted for it to make sense.
I'm not a splitter when it comes to France, Germany and Italy, but in light of how Balkanized those would be even after consolidation (I have some ideas on that topic that I won't go into here), an English culture from the Tamar to the Tweed sticks out like a sore thumb. Anyway, for me the one I'd really like to see added is the Marcher culture, as it's tied to the unique situation of the border. Northumbrian is the optional one.

As for ahistorical naming, if it can be avoided, why do it? Besides, you think people who are unfamiliar with the ethnic diversity of Scotland would make sense of the current culture map? Imagine someone whose entire idea of Scotland is formed by stuff like Braveheart. They wouldn't have any idea who the Norse-Gaels are, they wouldn't understand why the Scots culture only covers part of the country, they'd be surprised that the Highlanders aren't considered properly Scottish, and they might wonder why there's a Highland culture but not a Lowland one.

Or imagine an uninformed player making sense of the Lower Franconians, the Alpines, the Franciens, or the Sicilians in mainland Italy. Those examples are actually all things I'd like to see changed because I think they can be done better, but my point is that making the culture map easy to read for everyone is not part of the game's design philosophy. Otherwise the culture map of India would just say "Indians, but not the ones with teepees and feathers on their heads, the other ones" for most of the subcontinent. By prioritizing historical accuracy, I'm very much playing by the rules.
 
Wonderful work, really!

I must say I realy appreciate this wonderful work, but I have some feedback as it seems to me that the population numbers are a bit off...

FIrst of all, the total population of Scotland is, if I have counted correctly just 427k.
According to The Oxford Companion of Scottish History (2001) however, the population of Scotland was around one million, possibly even higher(!) by the eve of the black death.

"...This phase, which may have seen a doubling of population to over one million, came to an end with the famine of 1315–18 and above all the Black Death of 1349. It is possible that this combination of bubonic and pneumonic plague reduced the population by 25–30 per cent and subsequent epidemics of plague and other diseases brought about a further fall in this ‘golden age of bacteria’. Scotland with its more dispersed population may have been less hard hit than some other countries and recovered sooner but it would be surprising if more than 700,000 people lived there in 1500..."

The following is also written: "The population of Scotland in 1755, according to the Revd Alexander Webster's private census, was 1,265,380 or a fifth that of England." Obviously the proportions can change a lot over the years and that census is was made centuries after but as I have understood it, the pre-indsutrial revolution of Scotland is often believed to have been consistently around one fifth of the population of England, so just over one million would probably be a good number for the 1337 setup.

Hence, the population of Scotland should probably be doubled at least.


Ireland also seems to have a bit to few people, but more accurate numbers than Scotland. I went through the effort of actually counting the people based on the pop by country map and i got it to 879k.
According to the article Contested Ireland (refenrence at the bottom of the post) the population was 1 million bvefore the black death "The population of the island as a whole in 1500 was probably around 750,000, compared to a peak of 1 million two centuries earlier, before the ravages of the Black Death"

Connolly, S. J., Contested Island: Ireland 1460-1630 (Oxford, 2007; online edn, Oxford Academic, 1 Jan. 2008), https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198208167.001.0001, accessed 5 Sept. 2024.
 
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