How to Get All Research Without Cheats
First off, this only works at the beginning of the game. Otherwise, you'll have to slightly edit this list, which I'll explain.
How to get all technologies.
Go into Paradox Interactive -> Victoria 2 -> history -> countries
Choose the nation you wish to play as.
Copy the nation's txt file and rename it to 'Cheat1USA' or another name with the name of your nation in it. You can save this file to the desktop or in the countries folder itself: It doesn't matter.
Find where it says # Technologies
Now, copy
post_napoleonic_thought = 1
flintlock_rifles = 1
bronze_muzzle_loaded_artillery = 1
military_staff_system = 1
army_command_principle = 1
post_nelsonian_thought = 1
clipper_design = 1
naval_design_bureaus = 1
alphabetic_flag_signaling = 1
the_command_principle = 1
classicism_n_early_romanticism = 1
late_enlightenment_philosophy = 1
malthusian_thought = 1
enlightenment_thought = 1
introspectionism = 1
private_banks = 1
no_standard = 1
early_classical_theory_and_critique = 1
freedom_of_trade = 1
guild_based_production = 1
water_wheel_power = 1
publishing_industry = 1
mechanized_mining = 1
basic_chemistry = 1
battleship_column_doctrine = 1
steamers = 1
practical_steam_engine = 1
experimental_railroad = 1
strategic_mobility = 1
muzzle_loaded_rifles = 1
iron_muzzle_loaded_artillery = 1
military_plans = 1
army_professionalism = 1
point_defense_system = 1
deep_defense_system = 1
infiltration = 1
modern_army_doctrine = 1
breech_loaded_rifles = 1
machine_guns = 1
bolt_action_rifles = 1
modern_divisional_structure = 1
iron_breech_loaded_artillery = 1
steel_breech_loaded_artillery = 1
indirect_artillery_fire = 1
heavy_armament_dunno = 1
military_statistics = 1
military_logistics = 1
military_directionism = 1
aeronautics = 1
army_decision_making = 1
army_risk_management = 1
army_nco_training = 1
great_war_experience = 1
stock_exchange = 1
business_banks = 1
investment_banks = 1
bank_inspection_board = 1
mutual_funds = 1
ad_hoc_money_bill_printing = 1
private_bank_money_bill_printing = 1
central_bank_money_bill_printing = 1
modern_central_bank_system = 1
market_determined_exchange_rates = 1
late_classical_theory = 1
collectivist_theory = 1
the_historical_theory = 1
neoclassical_theory = 1
keynesian_economics = 1
market_structure = 1
business_regulations = 1
market_regulations = 1
economic_responsibility = 1
government_interventionism = 1
organized_factories = 1
scientific_management = 1
time_saving_measures = 1
management_strategy = 1
organizational_development = 1
romanticism = 1
realism = 1
impressionism = 1
expressionism = 1
mass_culture_n_the_avant_garde = 1
idealism = 1
empiricism = 1
analytic_philosophy = 1
phenomenology_n_hermeneutic = 1
anti__rationalism = 1
positivism = 1
functionalism = 1
biologism = 1
social_science = 1
social_alienation = 1
ideological_thought = 1
state_n_government = 1
nationalism_n_imperialism = 1
revolution_n_counterrevolution = 1
mass_politics = 1
associationism = 1
phenomenalism = 1
experimental_psychology = 1
psychoanalysis = 1
behaviorism = 1
high_n_low_pressure_steam_engines = 1
steam_turbine = 1
combustion_engine = 1
electrical_power_generation = 1
mechanical_production = 1
interchangeable_parts = 1
semi_automatization = 1
assembly_line = 1
shift_work = 1
clean_coal = 1
cheap_iron = 1
cheap_steel = 1
advanced_metallurgy = 1
electric_furnace = 1
early_railroad = 1
iron_railroad = 1
steel_railroad = 1
integral_rail_system = 1
limited_access_roads = 1
medicine = 1
inorganic_chemistry = 1
organic_chemistry = 1
electricity = 1
synthetic_polymers = 1
raider_group_doctrine = 1
blue_and_brown_water_schools = 1
high_sea_battle_fleet = 1
modern_naval_doctrine = 1
iron_steamers = 1
steel_steamers = 1
steam_turbine_ships = 1
oil_driven_ships = 1
fire_control_systems = 1
weapon_platforms = 1
main_armament = 1
advanced_naval_design = 1
modern_naval_design = 1
naval_plans = 1
naval_statistics = 1
naval_logistics = 1
naval_directionism = 1
naval_integration = 1
naval_professionalism = 1
naval_decision_making = 1
naval_risk_management = 1
naval_nco_training = 1
modern_naval_training = 1
And copy it over the old technologies list within the file within Paradox Interactive -> Victoria 2 -> history -> countries txt file. Then save the file to your desktop (it doesn't allow you to save to the folder) and copy the txt over to the Paradox Interactive -> Victoria 2 -> history -> countries folder and replace the original txt file.
You now can start up a new game with that particular nation with all technologies researched.
How to undo for when you start a new game with a different nation.
Now, you're done playing as the USA, England or any other nation, and you want to play another game. Do not just start up the game before doing these steps. You will have your former country dominate everything and anything very, very quickly.
First, delete the old USA file (USA will be code for your nation of choice) within the Paradox Interactive -> Victoria 2 -> history -> countries folder. Now, rename your Cheat1USA on your desktop to USA - USA, or whatever the unedited file you just deleted was.
Now copy that file over to the Paradox Interactive -> Victoria 2 -> history -> countries folder.
You're good to go!
How to edit a saved game.
This will take awhile, and if anyone wants to do this and post it here, please do. I had to edit the above by hand for the demo, and if there's an easier way, do tell in response to this post.
First off, find you Paradox Interactive -> Victoria 2 -> save games folder. Find your saved game you wish to edit. I'd recommend Notepad++ in order to do this, but you can open it with standard MS Notepad.
Press Ctrl+F, then put in 'human=yes' without the quotations. Now, under
technology=
{
replace all the technology with the list above. Now, instead of = 1, after each technology you put ={1 0.000} So you can see, it's written ={1space0.000} with space being a space.
Example:
iron_steamersiron_steamers={1 0.000}
Do that for each technology you want, or all, and then you should be good to play your game with unlimited power!
Happy cheating!