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The only way you can forcibly convert a province is by sending in a colonist, if the population is below 5,000. You can kill off enough of your subjects to achieve this by repeatedly causing rebellions, having them take the province, then taking it back... if you're happy with mass murder as a religious strategy :D

And there's a random event that might come to your rescue, if it's a core province. Otherwise you're stuck with them.
 
Hey, mass murder can be a very good strategy for certain provinces.

Keep in mind that a province's growth rate is affected by religious tolerance- having it be a religion you love (say, your state religion) can be worth 5% more in growth than a religion you just tolerate (middle of the bar). That means that for medium (20,000 or less) provinces, the increase in growth is enough that in 40 or 50 years you'll be caught up from knocking them down to 5000- and by caught up, I mean at the point you would have been had you let it grow normally. And *from* that point, it'll grow faster and have less risk of revolting, which is a big benny.

So unless it's a *huge* province, give them a tax collector and set your religious tolerance to 0, then sit back and let them revolt. Don't bother attacking a revolt until they've taken the city, then drop in and seige. You can keep checking up on their population by right-clicking on the province and selecting "View".

Of course, keep in mind that by setting that religious tolerance to the minimum, you're telling all countries that have that as a state religion to go sod off- so be carefull on that one.
 
This would be a great idea if only your numbers added up :D

5% per decade extra, it's going to take centuries to make up the lost numbers.
 
And, it would be an even better idea if it actually worked that way. Having double checked the numbers last night, it doesn't look like religious tolerance actually affects your growth rate at *all*.

And the growth rate is per *decade*, huh? That explains a lot.

Still, I like crushing the Muslims. Is that so wrong? :D