There is Quebec with Montreal, St. Louis, and New Orleans. Those are major settlements. There were some trading outposts and forts out there, but by and large, New France was populated mainly by natives. New France made its money by the fur trade with the natives.
I did a little digging. The Jesuits tried converting locals, and their results were mixed. Some tribes were hostile while others did like the Vikings did initial by just inserting Jesus into their existing belief system. That is not a strong Catholic presence in New France, partly because the French didn’t try to push conversions like the Spanish.