The Empire of China
中華帝國
Zhōnghuá Dìguó
~ Sun Baoqi
Minister of Foreign Affairs for the Empire of China
Minister of Foreign Affairs for the Empire of China
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The Empire of China
中華帝國
Zhōnghuá Dìguó
A Day in February
February 1, 1911, would be a day that would live in infamy for the Kingdom of Portugal. On that day, fiendish assassins would gun down the King and his heir as they traveled through Lisbon. These acts were brutish, and meticulously planned out, but they also exemplified the growing shadow looming over the Portuguese state following the withdraw from the Treaty of Lisbon. Many felt that Carlos I's statements the prior years were nothing more then hopeless optimism following the events of 1911, and that his death would only deteriorate the situation further.
Following the announced withdraw from the Treaty of Lisbon, the Portuguese market was thrown into crisis. Many experts discovered that the payments requested by Spain and payed for with French money was exaggerated. This was confirmed when Spanish factories began leaving at an alarming rate, faster than what was anticipated over the course of the five year withdraw. To many opponents of the withdraw, this was Spain punishing Portugal for hurting the business endeavors made in the country over the past ten years. With these reports, many economists argued that this quick withdraw of Spanish industry (what made up most of Portugal's industrial capacity) would destroy the Portuguese market and lead to a worse situation then when the Treaty was in-place. Arguments against these statements claimed that greater Portuguese control over its own market would only begin major economic growth, growth not hindered by foreign investments. Regardless of the argument, Portugal still was withdrawing, and it owed France money that it may not have needed.
The Portuguese nation would be thrown into chaos. With economic depression looming, far-left and Republican agitators were outraged at the government. One group in particular angered by the withdraw was the Carbonária, an anti-clerical and revolutionary founded and disbanded in 1822, but revived in 1896. Two members of the group, Alfredo Costa and Manuel Buíça, would conspire to assassinate the King. On February 1, the two men initiated their plan, and would assault the King in the Terreiro do Paço, the Palace Courtyard of Lisbon.
(The two assassins)
The King was already traveling to Lisbon prior to the 1st of the month. Political events regarding the withdraw had forced him to leave his winter home in the Alentejo plains in southern Portugal. On the morning of the 1st, the royal family, including the King, the Queen, Crown Prince Luis, and Prince Manuel, would disembark a ship near the Palace Courtyard and board a carriage with Prime Minister Riberio and the King's brother, the Duke of Porto. Even in a tense political climate overshadowing the King insisted on traveling in an open-top carriage.
As the carriage rounded the eastern part of the square, Manuel Buíça would emerge, expose a Winchester Carbine, kneel, and fire at the King from roughly eight meters. The first shot went straight through Carlos I's neck, killing him instantly. Buíça fired again, hitting the King in the shoulder. At this point, Alfredo Costa jumped onto the carriage and shot the King at passenger height. Queen Amélie d'Orléans proceeded to hit Costa with a flower bouquet, while shielding her youngest son Manuel. Prince Luis removed a concealed revolver from his jacket, but before he could shoot, Costa fired a shot right into his chest, lodging the bullet in the Crown Prince's sternum. Luis fired four shots off but hit nothing. The Prince was standing up, more exposed. Buíça then fired his rifle again, this one hitting the Crown Prince, exiting the top of his skull. Manuel tried to stop the bleeding, but to no avail. As both assassins continue to fire, Prince Manuel was struck in the arm, and the coachman was struck in the hand. Eventually, infantry divisions on standby were sent in, and both assassins would be killed.
(The Palace Courtyard (ignore the modern setting))
The carriage was whisked to the Royal Naval Arsenal, where the Crown Prince and King were declared upon arrival. The Duke of Porto yelled furiously at Prime Minister Riberio, blaming him for the event. The Queen Mother and the Queen mourned together over the death of their sons, as Prince Manuel's injuries were treated. The young Prince though was not able to rest, for in the span of an hour, the Kingdom of Portugal was pushed into his hands, and he would be crowned King...
President Elías Fernández Albano Announces State Funeral for President Montt
Special invitations are sent to the President of Argentina, the Qing Emperor, and the President of the United States of America.
Fight on against the foreign invader!
~Provisional President Georgi Sugarev delivering a speech in the town square of Strumica, to be repeated by criers throughout rebel controlled areas.
The Republic of Argentina wishes to express condolences to our ally and its people. The President will of course accept the invitation and attend personally. We also hope for an orderly upcoming election and a peaceful transfer of power to the next chosen successor. Argentina and its citizens reaffirm our alliance and look forward to greater cooperation between our two nations. May President Pedro Elias Pablo Montt rest in peace.
~Epifanio Portela, Minister of Foreign Affairs
A statement on the USS Michigan Incident and Japanese aggression
The Republic of China wishes to express its shock and anger that the Empire of Japan, having pledged to end its unlawful blockade of our shores with the entire international community as witness, has nevertheless chosen to maintain its illegal course of action. American ships escorted by the USS Michigan attempted to enter our ports, as their right under international law, and yet were forcibly turned back by vessels of the Imperial Japanese Navy, a blatant contradiction of their government’s alleged peaceful intentions. In addition to issuing our own denunciation, we once again call upon the international community to condemn the deceitful and aggressive actions of a state which continues to defy the code of civilized conduct with impunity. The Republic of China wishes for nothing less than normalized, peaceful relations with the Land of the Rising Sun, and is deeply troubled this seems to be a solitary desire.
On Behalf of the Republic of China,
Minister of Foreign Affairs WU TINGFANG
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The Constitution of 1911
Given the upheaval of 1910, the Constitution of Moesia was unfortunately never able to properly go into service. Instead a new Constitution was drafted. An obvious sign of the alliance between both the Republicans and Monarchists against Stalin and his international brigade. Hoping to boost popularity for the Anti-Socialist cause and to counter the PRM's own constitution. While it bore significant similarities to the initial constitution that was never publicly release, the biggest differences was that the hopeful election of 1913 was removed. Instead elections were set for either 1918, or two years following the end of the civil war. Whichever came first. As part of these elections would include a referendum for if the country would go forward as a Republic or a Constitutional Monarchy from that point on. Giving the people the option to choose and more or less serving as a way to delay any potential internal tensions until hopefully far down the road.
As an extension of the original United Macedonian State and Moesian constitution, all men and women above the age of 17 were considered citizens, and any citizen was allowed to try for the army and join assuming they passed the entry tests.
La Troisième République at the beginning of 1911
The Canal du Loing, one of many internal waterways to be expanded under the "Rural Law."
The Canal du Loing, one of many internal waterways to be expanded under the "Rural Law."
News of the troubles in Moesia, Portugal, and China were drowned out by the celebrations that accompanied the long-awaited alliance with the United Kingdom. The friendship of Britain brought the help of the Royal Navy and gave more room for the French government to reach out to the Italians and continue to maintain advantageous relations with the peoples of Iberia. The demise of the Portuguese King was a regrettable incident and steps would have to be taken to reduce tensions in Portugal in the future. For now, the Thierry Cabinet turned to economic development. La coalition conservatrice in the Chamber of Deputies was rather laissez faire compared to previous majority groupings but were open to investing in public infrastructure as a way to promote trade and development. President Castelnau's "French System" called for the revitalization of the rural economy, a move that would be popular with his Catholic-base, and the advancement of education by the reform of the Jules Ferry laws.
The French railways were among the densest in the world by 1911 but France's abundance of waterways and canals had gone relatively untouched in recent years. France's three major rivers, the Loire, Seine and Rhône, fed a vast network of canals and navigated riverways that had been the backbone French transportation until the 1830s. This network was ideally placed to allow the rapid transportation of agricultural products from the countryside to the cities. With the railways becoming congested with civilian and commercial traffic, transport by water was one way considered by the Thierry Cabinet to reduce shipping costs for mercantile interests, while at the same time rewarding the rural Conservative base with greater access to urban markets.
The efforts of Jules Ferry and other Radical Republicans were genuinely responsible for advancing educational opportunity to the masses. The l'école républicaine created by the Radicals had replaced the dual-Church and State system of education prevalent up until the end of the Second Empire. Turning back that clock to pre-1882 was neither practical nor cost effective but efforts would have to be undertaken to reduce the amount of Godlessness caused by the laic restrictions passed by the Radicals. Under the Jules Ferry laws, France's system of "free, secular, and mandatory" education was underwritten by local communes and departments and salaries for instructors guaranteed against reduction by mandates from Paris. Slowly, changes would be made to correct the inequities of this system. In short order, the Cabinet mandated that school holidays would be patterned to follow the Christian liturgical year and restrictions on members of religious orders from teaching in secular schools lifted. In the long term, the government began to investigate ways to place graduates of elite religious secondary education institutions on the same footing as graduates of the secular grandes écoles in job placements in the French Civil Service. One method devised would be creating common curriculum for both bodies, namely one that glorified the ideal of the French Nation, France's role as Eldest Daughter of the Catholic Church, and on instruction that emphasized both skill in arts and letters as well as the hard sciences.
The Oran - Tangiers - Western Sahara Line
Though much ado was made about the conquest of Morocco, largely for political and public opinion reasons, it was clear that the territories annexed were unlikely to be very productive and would be hard to control down the line. Though the Spanish half of the country was largely coastal and arable, it was still rough going for traditional transportation methods which meant much of the territory was based on subsidy farming, making just enough to keep themselves fed, with little contact with the outside world.
Aiming to change that, largely for reasons of trade and taxation, the Maura government offered several lucrative government contracts to incentive the construction of railways throughout Spanish North Africa. The planned railway would start at Oran, cut to Melilla, heading to Tangiers and from there keep near to the coast to the Western Sahara, neatly connecting the Spanish overseas territories to foster better infrastructure and trade opportunities.
El Rey de España
"Whoso sheddeth man's blood, by man shall his blood be shed: for in the image of God made he man."
-Genesis 9:6
It is with the greatest of sadness that We, King Alfonso of Spain make this address to the brother peoples of Portugal and Spain. The murder of a man in itself is a crime too vile to even contemplate, but the murder of a monarch, a sovereign lord representing his subjects in the flesh is a crime not only to man, but to god.
King Carlos was a good man, and an even greater King. He offered succour to his people, an open hand to his enemies and even in the darkest of hours We always knew his embrace would be open for anyone with a need for it. No words can bring back the man, nor the King, but in a show of unity and friendship, We would join our brothers in Portugal in mourning. As such, We would decree February the 1st a day of mourning to remember this man and king alike, and wish him well upon his eternal journey.
Our best wishes go with the young King Manuel, and the Portuguese people.
King Carlos was a good man, and an even greater King. He offered succour to his people, an open hand to his enemies and even in the darkest of hours We always knew his embrace would be open for anyone with a need for it. No words can bring back the man, nor the King, but in a show of unity and friendship, We would join our brothers in Portugal in mourning. As such, We would decree February the 1st a day of mourning to remember this man and king alike, and wish him well upon his eternal journey.
Our best wishes go with the young King Manuel, and the Portuguese people.
The Ottoman Empire
Public Announcement From Grand Vizier Mehmet Talaat Pasha
My brothers and sisters, we have withstood the onslaught aimed against us. The brigands and bandits have failed in the Armenia region, fleeing like the cowards they are against the might and glory of the Imperial Army. They refused to stand down while they attempted to continue their weak and dishonorable cause against our most cherished Empire and it's people. They were aided by members of the local community which are imprisoned on charges of treason, those rebels who have been captured charged with murder of Ottoman citizens and our brave soldiers.
The Balkans have unfortunately undergone another round of rebellion, this time the vile atheist communists have arisen within the Macedonian region, we shall officially state that the communist rebels and their "state" are not recognized by the Sublime Porte and we shall take the necessary steps to protect Ottoman interests and that of our borders from any potential incursion. We also call for a conference with the powers of Europe and the Balkans to discuss this pressing issue and find a solution to finally bring peace to the region.
And finally to all people of the Empire, we have begun a new page in our history, even if it seems dark and unknown we can overcome these obstacles and become united, strong and glorious once again. Allow me to lead us going forward, for conflict has ceased and peace may prosper for us all. May Allah guide us to a new Golden Age for the Empire.
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Secret Telegram from Grand Vizier Talaat Pasha to 3rd Army Headquarters
I send direct orders from His Imperial Majesty Mehmed V and from the General Staff, the 3rd Army is to secure the Ottoman-Russian border from any future attempts by the Armenian brigands from Russia. Military checkpoints shall be established at key entrance points to check for illegal and military contraband and smuggling of rebels into Ottoman territory. The General Staff has procured the necessary amount of men required to accomplish this which will be sent in a separate dispatch from them directly. I hope on behalf of HIM and myself that the 3rd Army may finally bring law and order to the region, may Allah grant you success in finally ending the instability within the Six Vilayets.
My brothers and sisters, we have withstood the onslaught aimed against us. The brigands and bandits have failed in the Armenia region, fleeing like the cowards they are against the might and glory of the Imperial Army. They refused to stand down while they attempted to continue their weak and dishonorable cause against our most cherished Empire and it's people. They were aided by members of the local community which are imprisoned on charges of treason, those rebels who have been captured charged with murder of Ottoman citizens and our brave soldiers.
The Balkans have unfortunately undergone another round of rebellion, this time the vile atheist communists have arisen within the Macedonian region, we shall officially state that the communist rebels and their "state" are not recognized by the Sublime Porte and we shall take the necessary steps to protect Ottoman interests and that of our borders from any potential incursion. We also call for a conference with the powers of Europe and the Balkans to discuss this pressing issue and find a solution to finally bring peace to the region.
And finally to all people of the Empire, we have begun a new page in our history, even if it seems dark and unknown we can overcome these obstacles and become united, strong and glorious once again. Allow me to lead us going forward, for conflict has ceased and peace may prosper for us all. May Allah guide us to a new Golden Age for the Empire.
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Secret Telegram from Grand Vizier Talaat Pasha to 3rd Army Headquarters
I send direct orders from His Imperial Majesty Mehmed V and from the General Staff, the 3rd Army is to secure the Ottoman-Russian border from any future attempts by the Armenian brigands from Russia. Military checkpoints shall be established at key entrance points to check for illegal and military contraband and smuggling of rebels into Ottoman territory. The General Staff has procured the necessary amount of men required to accomplish this which will be sent in a separate dispatch from them directly. I hope on behalf of HIM and myself that the 3rd Army may finally bring law and order to the region, may Allah grant you success in finally ending the instability within the Six Vilayets.
~ Signed, Mehmet Talaat Pasha
Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire
Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire
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In regards to the state funeral, a delegation composed of several members of the Brazilian embassy in Santiago will be present, being led by the Ambassador himself, who will be there to honour the memory of the late president.
The Young King
(Manuel II in his coronation attire)
(Manuel II in his coronation attire)
Manuel Maria Filipe Carlos Amélio Luís Miguel Rafael Gabriel Gonzaga Francisco de Assis Eugénio de Orleães Sabóia e Saxe-Coburgo-Gotha Bragança was born November 15, 1889 during the first year of the reign of his father Carlos I. He was the third child and second son of Carlos I and Amélie of Orléans. Manuel's birth was an auspicious one, since on that day, Pedro II of Brazil (also a member of the House of Braganza) was deposed as Emperor of Brazil in a military coup.
Manuel would grow up in the shadow of his older brother Luis, the heir to the Portuguese throne. For much of his life, Luis was the one to inherit the throne, and because of this Manuel never received any grooming for kingship. He did though receive and education befitting of his noble class, one much similar to his older brother. While Luis would often be found doing various physical activities, Manuel would be found constantly having his nose buried in another work of literature. Manuel was one who loved reading. He would learn French by the age of six. He was a lover of the piano, admiring the great compositions of Beethoven and Wagner (his piano teacher was the famed Portuguese pianist Alexandre Rey Colaço).
He also adored sailing. In 1903, he and his mother would sail from Portugal to Egypt to observe the pyramids and the ancient civilizations that lived their prior. His admiration for sailing would lead him to enroll in the Portuguese Naval Academy in 1907, where he remained for almost four years.
As stated before, many expected his older brother Luis to inherit the throne, but that all changed in February of 1911 when Luis and his father were gunned down in Lisbon. In the span of an hour, Manuel had gone from being second in line for the throne to being King of Portugal and the Algraves. Many look to the young monarch to see what he will do. After all, Manuel is only twenty-one years old at this moment. Perhaps though a young and fresh face is what Portugal needs?
The Kingdom of Italy issues the following statement on some recent global events. Regarding the latest Balkan crisis, Italy does not recognize any new government. We will deploy as many soldiers as needed to carry out our duty to protect the people of Albania in event the crisis spills over. As well we are open to negotiations with other governments that seek to resolve problems in the Balkans. We will reserve final say regarding our intentions on possible direct involvement until we have consulted with outs.
On the events in China the Italian Kingdom is deeply worried. There is no reason an internal crisis to China should continue to spin into problems between other nations. Possible disagreement should be solved through talk and not force. However there does come some time when only force, can meet an obstacle of force and remove it. We would prefer to see talks take place to resolve the latest crisis, as it seems eventually there will be one last crisis. And that one will lead to major war not a minor conflict.
And finally the Kingdom desires it to be known that while we seek peace, we do not seek it simply for the sake of peace. We seek peace only if it comes with Italian interests protected. We will continue to match the build up of others, as we deem it necessary. As well we will seek to adjust our foreign policy to match the recent years changes. If it is vital to Italian interests we will as well seek and sign alliances with others to safeguard the Kingdoms interests. And the navy will ever be prioritized as the pride of the Kingdom. Given our location in the world and state of our borders, it is our most important line of defense.
Antonino Paternò Castello, Marchese di San Giuliano~Foreign Minister Kingdom of Italy
The Kingdom of Greece
The development in the region of Moesia is highly disturbing and destroys the peace that was established by the Treaty of Berlin, that was signed by many powers and the Moesian representatives. Now the Moesian people have shown that they are not capaple to rule a country and not capaple to protect the numerous Greek communities that live in the southern part of their 'country'. The utter lack of protection of these minorities that suffer brutal oppression by the socialist tyrants. The Kingdom of Greece wishes to protect all Greeks and thus the Greeks living in Moesia are now under Greek protection. Furthermore, the rightfully Greek areas that formerly was part of the Macedonian Kingdom, where glorious kings, such as Alexander the Great once rules, are now under Greek protection as well. We hope that the rightfully Moesian government respects and will support Greece in the endevour to protect their countries minorities.
~ Eleftherios Kyriakou Venizelos
Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Greece
An announcement from the Serbian Government
The Serbian government recognises its treaty obligations to stand against the barbaric forces of communism to our southern border.To combat this threat, a partial mobilisation is to be announced, with reservists to report to the local barracks as per further instructions.
In addition from this day forth the Serbian state is on a war footing with the rebel group known as the 'people's republic' until they have been expelled and their devious leader under the moniker 'Stalin' is arrested and brought to trial.
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BY THE WILL OF HIS IMPERIAL MAJESTY
HONGXIAN
ON THE PROVISIONAL IMPERIAL CABINET
With the reclamation of rightful Chinese lands from both the Manchu and Republican regimes, His Imperial Majesty has deemed it prudent to reshuffle and reorganize the Provisional Imperial Cabinet as to better facilitate the organization and government of the Empire of China. The Empire of China is dedicated to forward and meaningful progress, and the Provisional Imperial Cabinet is but an example of the Hongxian Emperor's stalwart dedication to progress and a free and just democracy under his benevolent guidance. With the return of Shanghai to rightful Chinese, rule, His Imperial Majesty is honored, humbled, and proud to announce that elections for the Empire of China shall be held in two years time, in order to ensure that all people who may disagree with His enlightened vision may be given a chance to stand up for their opinions. His Imperial Majesty is proud of the advancements China has made under his indomitable vision, and he hopes that by the end of the decade, all China will be unified, fighting for a modern Chinese state. May the Heavens Bless the Empire of China and Her People.
~ Zhao Bingjun, Special Advisor to His Imperial Majesty
THE SECOND PROVISIONAL IMPERIAL CABINET
Given on Hongxian 7, Xin Hai, Xin-Mao
Given on Hongxian 7, Xin Hai, Xin-Mao
Chancellor of State: Tang Shaoyi, Duke of the 1st Rank
Secretary of Foreign Affairs: Sun Baoqi, Baron of the 1st Rank
Secretary of Defence: Duan Qirui, Marquess of the 1st Rank
Secretary of Finance: Liang Shiyi, Count of the 1st Rank
Secretary of Culture: Zhou Ziqi, Marquess of the 1st Rank
Secretary of Justice and Arbitration: Xu Shichang, Baron of the 1st Rank
Secretary of Education: Li Jingxi, Marquess of the 1st Rank
Special Advisor to His Imperial Majesty: Zhao Bingjun, Count of the 2nd Rank
A formal communique to the International Community regarding the unrest in Moesia;
The French Republic is deeply concerned by the ongoing unrest in Moesia and recognize the interests of the Balkan Powers in putting down this Communard menace growing in the Balkans. We urge both our Greek and Serbian partners to respect the territory integrity of Moesia while doing sending troops to put down the rebels. The Republic is also weighing an appropriate response of our own to the growing disorder in the region but for the moment shall only engage in direct involvement in concert with the other powers of the region, in accordance with the Berlin Treaty.
Signed,
M. Delcassé, Ministre des Affaires étrangères
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A formal communique to the International Community regarding the unrest in lands of China;
Signed,
M. Delcassé, Ministre des Affaires étrangères
Signed,
M. Delcassé, Ministre des Affaires étrangères
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A formal communique to the International Community regarding the unrest in lands of China;
The French Republic is deeply concerned by the intervention of foreign powers into the domestic disturbances in China. The latest misunderstandings and unilateral actions place the informal "Open Door Policy" into jeopardy, and the lack of common agreement by the international community on who or what to recognize as the legitimate Government of China will only create additional complications in the future. We agree with the Italian Government that disputes in the international community with regards to this situation in China ought to be solved through talks. Signed,
M. Delcassé, Ministre des Affaires étrangères
In regards to the incident between the Imperial Japanese Navy and the United States Navy, His Majesty's Government would like to invite representatives of both the Empire of Japan and the United States of America to a Conference in London, to discuss the issue at hand and find a solution that does not involve the force of arms.
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To ensure the safety of international trade within the East China Sea, the Admiralty has ordered the China Station to patrol the entire area and provide safe passage for any trading vessels travelling from and to the ports of China.
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To ensure the safety of international trade within the East China Sea, the Admiralty has ordered the China Station to patrol the entire area and provide safe passage for any trading vessels travelling from and to the ports of China.
大日本帝国
Dai Nippon Teikoku
富国強兵 - Fukoku kyōhei
君が代– Kimigayo
His Imperial Majesty's Government, having consulted with figures from the United States, as well as with its own ministers, wishes to formally express its sorrow over this incident. Whilst the full information eludes the government, it seems that certain officers chose to disregard the accords reached between the United States and the Empire regarding the Chinese situation. Those responsible shall be punished accordingly, having acted outside the will of His Imperial Majesty and His Government. Furthermore, His Majesty's Government wishes to apologise fully for this matter, both to the American government and the people it represents, as well as to the crewmen of the USS Michigan who were accosted, and further affirms that the lifting of the blockade, hitherto agreed to by all parties, shall more effectively and stringently followed, to ensure further such incidents do not occur. The Greater Japanese Empire, lastly, reaffirms its commitment to the maintenance of peace in the East, and of cordial and productive relations to the United States, and as such shall ensure its fleet and its varying fleet actions shall not approach the Chinese shore, as previously agreed.
~ Inseruto Namuhero, on Behalf of the Emperor and His Government
