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The Making of a Maharaja
The Making of a Maharaja

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The Miracle of Kalot, stone representation of the Zunbil protected by Zun's messengers. Found in lost temple near Locil in Kalot province.

Jouishka was the great nation builder of Zunism. After uniting the church, he worked towards uniting his people. After gaining complete control of the Hindu Kush alongside Ghandhara and Multan, he would found a new Zunist state from his seat in Multan, inspired by the old Kidarite kingdom.

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With the shift of seat of power into lowland India, there was a splintering of culture between the mountain dwelling tribes and the new lowland Zunist converts of India. Jouishka would attempt to heal the split but over the next few decades the lowlanders would identify as Hindustanis while the mountain folk would refer to themselves as Pashtunis or Pashtuns. The lowlanders would identify strongly with the Indian cultures around them while the Pashtuns would hold on to their East-Iranian cultures. The Zunbils would style themselves Maharaja of their new kingdoms moving forward.

The Kidarite Kingdom
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The Kidarites, or Kidara Huns, were a dynasty that ruled Bactria and adjoining parts of Central Asia and South Asia in the 4th and 5th centuries. The Kidarites belonged to a complex of peoples known collectively in India as the Huna. The Kidarites consolidated their power in Northern Afghanistan before conquering Peshawar and parts of northwest India including Gandhara probably sometime between 390 and 410, around the end of the rule of Gupta Emperor Chandragupta II or beginning of the rule of Kumaragupta I. It is probably the rise of the Hephthalites and the defeats against the Sasanians which pushed the Kidarites into northern India. They would rule Bactria, Kabulistan and Punjab until they were exhausted by the imperial conflicts with the Gupta and Persian Empires in the late 5th century.


The First Grand Sacrifice

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Jouishka did not rush to implement the more brutal aspects of Zun worship upon his newly conquered people. Instead, he would focus on opening religious schools across Multan, indoctrinating the people into the creed and practices of Zun. It was fortunate that the Persians dynasties were still busy with their own feuds and the Zunbil enjoyed a near decade of peace to instil in his people the necessary piety and devotion to the one true god, Zun.

In 934 CE, he would call for the first grand sacrifice with all in Satrapy of Multan invited. He had a grand ziggurat built in the middle of a field and had many of his prisoners from past wars marched up the pyramid. Each would have their hearts carved out and be ritualistically disemboweled as the High Diviner offered their lives to Zun and seek his forgiveness for their sins and ask for his blessing. Many attendees stood numbly through the event but when the ground shook at the end of the ritual, many took it as sign of Zun’s favor and several cut themselves to offer their own blood to this deity who was evidently present.

The Sacrifice Ritual
The Zunist sacrificial rituals took more than two people to perform. In the usual procedure of the ritual, the sacrifice would be taken to the top of the temporary ziggurat. The sacrifice would then be laid on a stone slab, a chacmool, by four flamen, and their abdomen would be sliced open by a fifth flamen with a ceremonial knife. The Zunists believed that the heart (tona) was both the seat of the individual and a fragment of the Sun's heat (istli). The chacmool was a very important religious tool used during sacrifices. The cut was made in the abdomen and went through the diaphragm. The flamen would grab the heart which would be placed in a bowl held by a statue of honored Zun, and the body would then be thrown down the ziggurat’s stairs.

Later Reign of Maharaj Jouishka

The Zunbil would take only two wives, Mrigavati of the house of Utpala and rulers of Kashmir and Nestokhot, a Zunist commoner. Maharani Mrigavati would bear him three sons and two daughters while Maharani Nestokhot would only gift him a daughter. Despite only gifting him one child, he would favor Nestokhot and would even make her his primary wife, much to the chagrin of the royal Mrigavati. All his children would live to adulthood but his twin younger sons would pass on soon after. Rajkumar Katana would be struck down by cancer at 27 while Jouishka II would see another three more years but indulged in heavy drinking in that time, to help him manage his grief and the paranoia that his father had incalculated into him. His only surviving son was Jouishka’s least favourite, a layabout who focused more on love affairs then on realm management. He refused all marriage proposals and bore no children even as he entered his 40s, fully expecting his younger brothers to be gifted his father’s throne.

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The Maharaj would fight one last great war during his waning days as the mighty Chola Empire declared a holy war to expunge the so-called bloodthirsty Zunists from India. This war would drag on for four years and ravage eastern Multan before the Cholas surrendered.

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His final decade of life would see Jouishka mellow out on some of his more hardline view. The stress of kingship, his innate paranoia and the lost of his favourite son, Katana would see the Zunbil explore ideas from other religions as well as slide into a kind of depression, refusing to partake of food. Combined with his other practice of self-flagellation, it drove him into ill health as the realm debated between the merits of the dilettante Prince Shania and marshal Prince Youishka, now a man grown deep into his cups and reputed frequent visitor to the whorehouses.

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Jouishka would finally ascend to Zun in 947, a man exhausted by his labours and praying to the sun that his realm would survive the incompetence of his son.
 
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India and Persia in 947 CE
India and Persia in 947 CE

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By the end of Jouishka’s reign, the Kingdom of Zunbil had made significant inroads into both Ghur and Makran, thanks to the able generalship of the Houses of Shapur in Bost and a cadet Zunbil house in Zabulistan. Both had taken it on themselves to expand the kingdom’s borders and to create a buffer between the Muslim infidels and the heartlands of the Pashtuni Hindu-Kush.

The Persians were still in the middle of fighting each other and Saffarids were the victum of Zunist opportunism, after decades of war exhaustion. At the southern end of Caspia, in Daylam, there is a last gasp revival of Zoroastrianism (with many “Zunist” flamen abandoning Zunbil for their former faith). The outcome of this rebellion would play out during the reign of Maharaja Shania.

In the East, Indian marriage and inheritance laws had rendered the land into a hodgepodge of messy petty kingdoms with lords owing fealty not on geographical proximity but to ancestral promises and religious alignment. The mightiest of these kingdoms were the Pratiharas of Delhi, Tejapalids of central Rajasthan, the Ratta who’s heir was married to Jouishka’s daughter and the Cholas of Tamilakam in the far south of the Deccan plateau.

The Doolani of Sindh were the last remaining Muslim kingdom in India and Jouishka had attempted to convince them to abandon Allah for Zun in his final years to little avail. For now, they still held strong as the HIndus fought to consolidate power among themselves.

Little news passed on from the North as the Himalayas and the Hindu-Kush formed a formidable barrier to invaders and trade, and the Zunists controlled Bamian, the one major pass from Bactria into the Kush mountains and India.
 
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Haaaang on a second - there are Zunists in CK3? I had one of my most fun runs ever with those guys in CK2, and not just because I got to revoke every single title in the Abbassid Empire!

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Now I know where my next CK3 run is going to be! (Well, in Tamriel, because I want to try out the Elder Kings mod. But after that, it's Zunist Afghanistan!)
 
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Fascinating. Does CK3 have decadence for the Muslims? Who is next man up after Shania and how bad is Shania? Thank you

CK3 doesn't have a decadence mechanic as I understand it from CK2 (never played it). Shania is very much a lover, not a fighter and he's raising quite a brood, though they're all quite young. Let's see which ones makes it to the top and how the inheritance gets divided.

What culture are your rulers?

Originally, they were Turco-Hepthalites (Persian heritage), a new culture introduced by the RICE mod. I've just done a hybridization with Kashmiri to create the unique formable culture of Hindustani. Quite nicely, it's only taken root in Multan and Ghandhara, while Zabulistan and Kabulistan stayed Turco-hepthalite - giving me a lowland vs highland cultural split. For the story, I'm calling Turco-hepthalites Pashtuns but I might slip up in my references. In the new conquests in the West, they're all Afghani.


Haaaang on a second - there are Zunists in CK3? I had one of my most fun runs ever with those guys in CK2, and not just because I got to revoke every single title in the Abbassid Empire!


Now I know where my next CK3 run is going to be! (Well, in Tamriel, because I want to try oit the Elder Kings mod. But after that, it's Zunist Afghanistan!)

Yes, Zunism exist as an unreformed religion in CK3 but there are no starting characters with the religion in the default 867 start. You have to either create a character with the religion or use RICE to have them added to the map (historically the last Zunbil was only conquered in 870 or so). Trying to convert to the religion from any of the starting characters in the region (all belonging to organized religions) is next to impossible needing >100k piety.
 
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Well, the Zunists are doing well, even if they're brutal. I can't imagine that they'll be well liked among their neighbors, which means that the ideal rulers will have to be brutal. That makes Shania's peacefulness problematic.
 
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Maharaja Shania the Crownless
Maharaja Shania the Crownless

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Shania, oldest child and only surviving son of Jouishka, came to power at 43, and immediately took three wives. The first was his half-sister Puun, the second his brother’s widow Rajamati, a princess of the house of Pratihara and lastly Maharani Karmavati, the ruler of Gujarat. From these marriages, he would have seven children – six boys and one daughter but only five would live to adulthood.

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The Maharaja and his three Maharanis - Rajamati, Puun and Kamavati

Shania was a contrast to his father where his father was an ambitious kingdom builder, Shania preferred celebrations and maintaining the peace. As such, he forged a web of alliances within his own domain and beyond. His other sister, Firg, was bethrothed to the heir of the Ratta Kingdom on the Deccan plateau by his father Jouishka and Shania would renew that alliance, even befriending him and making him see the light of Zun. Before he and Firg took the throne of Ratta, he was even entrusted with the guardianship of one of Zun’s temples in Ghandhara. When the Rajput finally became Maharaja Amoghavarasha II , he would proselytize among his own people. This attempt would be met with great resistance with many lords rising up in rebellion against this strange new religion. Shania would march his armies in support of his brother-in-law, helping to put down multiple insurrections in Ratta in the next decade.

Shania’s other great alliance was with his bride, Maharani Karmavati of Gujarat. Again, he would spend much Hindustani blood on her campaigns of conquests against the faltering Doolani of Sindh and scattered holdings of Pratihara in Southern Rajasthan. With this, he showed his devotion to his wife and eventually converted her to the path of Zun.

Within his own realm, he would adopt the orphans of his deceased brothers and sisters, raising them in court and eventually granting them influential court positions until he found an opportunity to make a new alliance. Through this, the Shapurid (Sistan) and Udabhandid (Ghandhara) Rajs were kept quiescent. He was also generous with his money, embarking in great temple building projects in Bost and the newly acquired Shapurid holding of Nishanpur both holy sites of Zun. Multan Fort itself flowered through his beneficence as he build many new vineyards, farms and manors. By only pursuing wars fought outside the Zunbil Kingdom in the name of alliances, he kept his own lands peaceful and prosperous. The Shapurids of Sistan were the major exception to this time of peace, aggressively expanding their holdings at the expense of the Muslims of Persia. We’ve already mentioned their capture of Nishanpur but they also captured Sanij and Panjigur from the Saffarids, controlling a domain as large as the rest of Zunbil combined. Shania was content to let them vent their aggression westward but the power of Shapurid would be something all later Maharajas would have to bear in mind.

The wars, feasts, favour trading and building projects placed great pressure on Zunbil’s treasury and the Zunbil himself even had to melt his own crown down to pay his soldiers and workers. Though Shania never went on campaign with his men, he ordered his generals to sack the cities they captured on behalf of Shania’s alliances. These sacks ravaged the Eastern half of Ratta and much of Sindh, making it difficult for his allies to maintain control but Shania was callous about it, knowing he had fulfilled his portion of the bargain to offer aid. The plunder acquired kept his men placid and allowed Shania to maintain his court in Multan.

Maharaja Shania would rule for 22 years, holding the realm together and spreading the faith to new lands in central India. At first glance, his reign would be considered a success but it hid the deep divisions within the Holy Land of Zun. Increasingly, the Shapurids and the other Pashtuni Rajs of the Hindu-Kush felt disassociated from the lowland Hindustani culture of Multan while the finances were broken by his generosity. Ruling through glad-handing and personal relationships meant little would carry over to his successor who would face an incredibly stressful time after ascending to the seat of Zunbil.

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In 969 CE, Shania would be struck down by consumption and pass on soon after and his oldest son, Nuhunzuk would succeed him.
 
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Why do I feel like the Shapurids are going to be an issue in the future?

I wonder why he was called the Crownless?
 
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Three years shy of a generation length rule, Shania has paid the fifer by borrowing from the drummer. At only 20, Nukunzuk could have a long reign. Thank you for the update.

Nukunzuk will have a lengthy rule and make some major decisions for Zunism.

Why do I feel like the Shapurids are going to be an issue in the future?

I wonder why he was called the Crownless?

Nukunzuk will find an accommodation with the Shapurids to the detriment of his youngest's birthright. He earned the title 'The Crownless' when he had to melt his own crown to pay for his campaigns and bribes to keep the peace.
 
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Maharaja Nukunzuk
Maharaja Nukunzuk

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The Zunist faith enshrined honesty, justice and bravery as the most important virtues of his people. Nukunzuk would champion these traits throughout his long reign. Within his realm, he was known for his piety, holding many great sacrifices to Zun and inviting all the low and great to attend. For nobles accused of crimes, he would defer to Zun’s judgement – placing them on a great flat rock to endure the sun for three days without food or water. If they survived the ordeal from the Most High One, they would be proclaimed innocent in the eyes of king and god.

His initial years of rule would be trying, placing incredible stress upon the young Maharaja as he attempted to live up to the ideals of Zunism, the expectations of a king and maintain the diplomatic ties his father had built up inside and outside his realm. Within his realm, Nukunzuk had two major issues to contend with – the Shapurids of Bost and Sistan, and the recently acquired territories of Kashmir, acquired late in his father’s reign. Kashmir was supposed to be the inheritance of Nukunzuk’s brother Wagra but he died young before siring any children and the land returned to the crown. Along with Kashmir, he inherited the restive vassals of the land who refused to kneel before Zun, holding strong to their Vajrayana faith. Led by Satish Utpala, last remaining scion of that famed dynasty, they would prove a stumbling block to the reforms that Nukunzuk sought for the throne of Zunbil. Learning from the playbook from his father, he would offer generous terms to Thakur Satish, reducing his feudal duties and granting gifts of gold in return for loyalty. Similar measures were taken to bring the Shapurids on-side including a promise of a royal marriage to one of Nukunzuk’s children.

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The lands of Zunbil in 981 showing the domains of each of the Great Houses

The other Great Houses of Zunbil would also be made to swear new oaths of loyalty in return for promises of gold and reductions of their military obligations. Kabulistan was now ruled by his brother Piduk who would form the cadet house Pidukid which he would extend his protection to against the covetous eyes of the Udabhandid of Ghandhara while he consolidated control of Kashmir through a fortunate claimant, the Lady Dhruradevi of house Shagari, arriving in Multan seeking his aid to restore her to the Raj of Pamiri. The war for her claim was over quickly as the Maharaja’s Mountaineers proved decisive and converted to Zunism in gratitude. Lastly the house of Huspasin ruled Zabulistan and Ghur. The Huspasin was another cadet house of Zunbil, descended from the great Firuz through his daughter Man. Content with their mountain realm, they would rarely get themselves involved in realm politics.

When the stresses of realm management and vassal politics grew too much for Nukunzuk, he would often indulge in his pastimes of wrestling or foot races through the mountain, often challenging his courtiers to competitions. He was also known to confide in his sister, wife and lover, Rajpuri Nana.

Maharaja Nukunzuk would prove to be a great lawmaker instituting several great reforms to centralize control of the realm. In his reign, it would become forbidden for external claimants to inherit Zunbil lands. He would also reduce the taxation and levies demands within his domain, spurring economic growth and professionalising the army to a greater degree. By the end of his reign, there was a 3,000 men professional army based in Multan and loyal only to the Maharaja. But his greatest goal was the creation of a more egalitarian society. He pushed through equal inheritance laws and allow women to serve in the military. Though he was later forced to walk back the inheritance laws near the end of his reign by pressure from his sons supported by the traditionalist Zunist clergy, the precedent had been set and would come back into play in the later centuries.

The Zunbil would spend the later half of his reign significantly expanding his realm, completing the conquest of Punjab, Makran and Kashmir. Combined with the slow but growing presence of Zunism in Gujarat and Maharashtra, the faith had expanded wider than any flamen of Firuz’s day had hoped or dreamt of. With the later conversions of the Emir of Jubal Kufs and the Maharaja of Delhi, Multan was situated in the middle of a continually expanding Zunist lake.

Nukunzuk was a great king, renowned for his fairness and he would rule for 38 years and his four sons would enjoy that bounty of fairness. His oldest, Shania, would take the seat of Zunbil but his other sons would also all be raised as kings. Kur would take the throne of Punjab, Kalan would be the Maharaja of Kashmir and his children would become Kings of Kashmir and Delhi through a well planned marriage and his youngest Gatfar would be the Maharaja of Makran. Fulfilling his promise to the Shapurids, Gatfur was also betrothed to Alow, the ruler of Sistan and their children would be Shapurids, not Zunbils.

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In 1007, the reformer Maharaj Nukunzuk would die of heart failure and the single unified realm of Zunbil was no more. He stated that his goal with such a succession was to ensure that Zunism would no longer be dependent on a single ruler but that each Maharaja would be entrusted to spread the faith and keep his fellows on the path of righteousness.
 
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While this man appears to have been a good ruler, his succession plans are going to be a problem. Will the different Maharajas attempt to reunite the realm by warfare or by intrigue? Or perhaps by alliances?

The division that it engendered could also be a massive problem in that it makes each individual realm easier to attack and conquer lands from...
 
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Maharaja Shania II the Spawn of Darkness
Maharaja Shania II the Spawn of Darkness

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Shania II ascended to the throne of Multan in 1007 CE, aged 37. He had been trained for war his whole life and even took the seat on his father’s council as the Zunbil’s Warmaster. While much of this history has focused on Zunism, there’s also the cultural roots of the Zunbils. Descended from Hephthalites or Sveta-huna in Sanskrit, this nomadic people’s stronghold was always Tokharistan on the northern slopes of the Hindu Kush, in ancient Bactria. The Hephthalites may have originally migrated from the East, through the Pamir Mountains, possibly from the area of Badakhshan. Alternatively, they may have migrated from the Altai region, among the waves of invading Huns. What mattered to Nukunzuk was the eventual reclamation of the Hepthalite heartlands, a mission he would task his son with.

He enjoyed a good relationship with his brothers, being the senior by at least 10 years over any of them. Kalan, Kur and Gatfar would accept the primacy of the throne of Zunbil and were content with their own kingdoms, allowing Shania free reign to focus on his Zun-sent mission. Already, he had a toe-hold in the region, when his grandfather Shania I had captured East Tokherestan on behalf of a petitioner to his court, Aurang Samanjan. He raised his armies and aimed to test the defences of the Khudids, the rulers of all Transoxiana by taking Balkh.

The Khudids were originally from Khorasan and had supplanted the original Samanids for control of the Grand Amirate after they pressed their claim to the throne. The Samanids were relegated to the holdings Shania II eyed – the Amirates of Balkh and Khuttal. The campaign went as planned with Shania leading his armies in person against the Amir-e Amiran Turaj Samzde. At the Battle of Andkhud, he would break the core of the Khudid’s army, slaughtering 9,000 of the Maturidi defenders. Peace was quickly secured and Balkh would be transferred to the Zunbil’s control as part of the resulting peace treaty.

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Riding high on this victory, Shania would continue his wars of aggression against the Tahirids of Khorasan, capturing Herat, and seizing all of Northern Sindh from the faltering Doolani. It seemed to promise much for the rest of his reign. Unfortunately, further campaigning would be cut short in 1014 with the return of the pox. It had last afflicted Multan during the time of Jouishka, ravaging noble and poor alike. This time was no different and even the precaution of secluding the court was no defence. It would kill about a quarter of Multan’s citizens and as the Maharaja sought ever more desperate wards and cures for his people, a dark rumor arose among pious Zunists that Shania had made pacts with the Darkness, the anathema of the great sun lord.

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Prior to the plague of the pox, Shania was known to dabble in fertility rituals of suspicious provenance to overcome his inability to sire an heir. He married his sister Arduksh as per Zunist tradition but took on another bride, Mapressey Afrigan, supposedly chosen for her fertility but no child would be born of these marriages. Suspiciously though in 1011 CE, a child was presented to the court as the daughter of Shania and Arduksh. Court officials did not report any pregnancy and the child, Rajkumari Man, did not seem to take after either parent. The common folk whispered that it was a Child of Darkness and that the Maharaja had made deals with the Shadow to keep his line going.

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The plague was said to be Zun’s vengeance for this blasphemy and Shania would be struck down in 1017, first taking his handsome features and then taking his soul. Man would be the first female Zunbil and the first child to take the throne, aged six.
 
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While this man appears to have been a good ruler, his succession plans are going to be a problem. Will the different Maharajas attempt to reunite the realm by warfare or by intrigue? Or perhaps by alliances?

The division that it engendered could also be a massive problem in that it makes each individual realm easier to attack and conquer lands from...

If things had gone as planned, it would likely not have been a problem but Shania II's reign was ill-struck early and prevented him from being the guarantor of his brothers' lands. Already, Maharaja Gatfar of Makran was being tested by the Tahirids late on in Shania's reign when Zunbil's armies were ravaged by the plague. I'll have a post to cover the four kingdoms soon.
 
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Shania II didn't have much luck, it seems.

Didn't rumors say that Man was the child of Darkness? Why are Shania II's opponents happy about that? Shouldn't they be seriously afraid?

Also, why is Shania called the "Spawn of Darkness"?
 
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the first female monarch is named man

Heh, irony but Persian names going to be like that. Thanks for reading!

Shania II didn't have much luck, it seems.

Didn't rumors say that Man was the child of Darkness? Why are Shania II's opponents happy about that? Shouldn't they be seriously afraid?

Also, why is Shania called the "Spawn of Darkness"?

Man really lived up to that child of darkness rumor. Shania's vassals were all ready to rebel at many points during Man's long regency and her regent (her mum) had to be extremely harsh in dealing with them.

Either the next update or the one after is going to be quite a doozy. I'll just tease you that there are now only 5 living members of the Zunbil dynasty 20 years after Shania II's death.
 
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