I am unsure if anyone has the names of American divisions that actually participated in some fashion so here is what I have found.
Source:
http://www.powell76.freeserve.co.uk/Americans in WW1.htm
(This site has some good information on the US army during WWI.)
The following divisions served in France in some capacity and at some time (often short):
Regular Army: 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th.
National Guard: 26th (New England), 27th (New York), 28th (Pennsylvania), 29th (Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, New Jersey and District of Columbia), 30th (Carolinas and Tennessee), 32nd (Wisconsin and Michigan), 33rd (Illinois), 35th (Kansas and Missouri), 36th (Oklahoma and Texas), 37th (Ohio and Iowa), 41st (Western States), 42nd (Rainbow).
National Army: 77th (New York), 79th (Pennsylvania and Maryland), 80th (Pennsylvania and the Virginias), 81st, 82nd (All America), 89th (Mid West), 90th (Oklahoma and Texas), 91st (Pacific Coast and Rockies), 92nd (Buffalo).
The Rainbow Division comprised detachments from about twenty states not all forty eight as sometimes thought, the Buffalo Division comprised Negro enlisted men with white officers.
In addition to the usual collection of army troops in France one regiment (332nd Infantry) was sent to Italy, two (27th and 31st Infantry) to Siberia and two (339th Infantry and 310th Engineers) to North Russia. Of the 29 Divisions sent to France only 19 were fighting divisions, the rest were to supply reinforcements; the original plan was to form corps of three fighting and two supporting divisions, but reality soon defeated that idea.