Whether there was a consensual method of pronouncing names in different parts of Europe.
In dunno; there is an article entitled "Latin and the Structure of Written Romance" in the Cambridge history of the Romance languiages, and there's Latin and the Romance languages in the early Middle Ages. As Romance languages weren't standardized until much later, the kind of pronunciation variation in Romance even today would not have been intepreted as right/wrong, esp. in a name which had just been borrowed from German, and probably wouldn't conform to any pattern we could easily analyze (i.e. Norman versus Portuguese, Gallo-Roman versus Iberian). "Henry/Henrico/Henric" of course was as foreign a name in 12th century Portugal as Abdullah is in 21st century Portugal.; that it's Abdullah rather than Abd-állāh is of little significance.