Marching Towards Destiny
The Kyoto Accord and Reach for Empire
Civil War continued in China throughout 1936, Chiang Kaishek focused only on destroying his communist rival, Mao Zedong. At the same time, two new empires were preparing for war on the continent. Japan's war machine was gearing up for operations in the near future, building its forces and biding its time for an opportune time to strike. So too was the Wu Empire.
Further reinforcements were sent to the border with Xibei San Ma, Nanjing's puppet state in the west. Further technological research was conducted to continue the modernization of the new empire. Most importantly, research focused on developing better aircraft for use against the Nationalists. Amongs the high command, it was already a matter of when, not if, the empire would wage war against the dominant forces in China.
At the clandestine instruction of Wu Qin'a herself, war plans were drawn up beginning in the spring. Using what intelligence the empire had on the warlord army to the east, it was determined that Wu forces would easily outnumber the immediate enemy. The overall goal was to unify as much of China as possible under the imperial banner as was feasible. Though concerned about the chance of facing the bulk of the Nationalist forces, Gen. Sun Shang Xiang developed a detailed plan she felt reflected the empire's chances of conquest realistically.
Presented to Wu Qin'a in October, the plan's primary focus was the conquest of Xibei San Ma. Using their superior numbers and equipment, the imperial army would pour over the border in two main groups. One, in the north, would focus on drawing enemy troops away from the more hospitable lands in the south. It would also create a flank against their capital of Golmu. Meanwhile, the Second and Fourth armies would assault the southwest, supported by the smaller Fifth army. The objective was to knock out Xibei San Ma as quickly as possible, then to solidify a line of defense against the inevitable Nationalist counter attack. If conditions allowed, a thrust in the south against Yunnan would also be considered. However, the general staff concluded, conquest of the main Nationalist forces would be impossible without either large amounts of reinforcements deployed to the front or outside assistance.
Wu Qin'a accepted the plans on a tentative basis, as there was still some diplomacy to be carried out to support the plan. Over the next several months, she resumed her courtship of the Japanese, to the distress of less hawkish courtiers. By 1937, the Nationalists and Communists had agreed to a ceasefire, making the outside assistance all the more important to have. Foreign Minister Cao Jingmei was tasked with negotiating an agreement that would be acceptable to both the Wu and Japan. This proved to be rather difficult, as Japan at first treated the empire as nothing more than another vassal to order around.
Not until Wu Qin'a herself met with the Japanese foreign minister did things change. Through force of personality and political cunning, she managed to convince the man that the Wu should be seen as potential equal partners in a new China. Wu had been a friend to Japan since its opening to the outside world, after all. If a portion of China were to be united under its flag, Japan would have a friendly neighbor eager to purchase its military wares and other exports. In addition, Wu forces opening up a second front in China would aid any Japanese advances in the east.
Months of negotiation and discussion led to a secret agreement between the two empires at last in May. After a long-postponed audience with Hirohito, Wu Qin'a had convinced the Japanese to accept the Wu Empire as a respected, if not full, partner in any endeavors in China. Word was sent back to the imperial commanders to mobilize their forces. All indications from the Japanese pointed to action to be taken within the month. Though secret, the agreement between the empires became known as the Kyoto Accord. In it, the two states vaguely agreed to split China between themselves as well as provide military support for one another. The empress did not like the idea of allowing the Japanese to keep the industrialized east of China, but she realized she was in too weak a position to insist on more. A full restoration of the empire would wait for now. Chiefly, though, the Accord stated that should Japan go to war, the Wu Empire would join her against the common foe.
On May 20, there was an altercation at the Marco Polo bridge in eastern China. Wu Qin'a had returned home to oversee military maneuvers, and what information she had on the incident were unclear. Japan, though, declared war over the matter and began to send her troops into the field against the Nationalists in the east. The same day, Wu forces launched the planned assault on Xibei San Ma. Wu had cast its lot as a partner of Japan, an alliance of convenience.
The invasion in its first stages was even more of a resounding success than had been expected. Xibei San Ma's forces, poorly trained and equipped, put up little resistance against the professional soldiers of Wu. On the 26th, the First Armored division had occupied Dunhuang in the North. This was followed by a joint assault by First Armored and the Third Army into Bayan Nur against another enemy division. Thirteen hours of bitter fighting broke the defenders, and the imperial forces advances again.
Lt. Gen. Xu Hua's thrust into Bayan Nur.
Further success was found in the south, where the bulk of imperial forces overwhelmed the enemy as expected. Supported by the air force's bombers, the infantry stormed enemy positions with great precision. Yushu was captured by Lt. General Qin Ming's Fifth army on June 18; Golmud, the capital, fell to General Chan MengYao's Second Army on June 27. A few Nationalist units were encountered amongst the defenders, but for the time being they were nothing more than one more enemy to push aside. In the east, Japanese forces were trudging their way through Shanxi slowly but surely. Yunnan and Guangxi joined the war against Wu and Japan the same month.
General Chan's Second Army assaults Xining in July.
Wu territorial gains, July 1937.
Facing a stalemate in what remained of Xibei San Ma, the imperial forces made a thrust into northern Yunnan. Catching the enemy off guard, they won a decisive battle and began the march into the southwestern warlord's lands. With over half their lands occupied, the government of Xibei San Ma had collapsed. Trying to avoid furhter chaos, the Nationalists seized power over the administration and armed forces of the province. This accompanied a sudden offensive in the north, which disloged the First Armored division, forcing the first Wu retreat of the campaign. This was in July; the future of the newborn Wu Empire was very uncertain. Japan was seeing success in the east, but a larger Nationalist army than expected was descending upon the west, threatening to overrun the imperial forces of Wu.