Chapter 30: The End of All Things
The War was over, but the peace ultimately had not yet been truly signed. With fighting ending across Europe and Asia, the representatives of the Republican League sent representatives to the Khitan Imperial Palace in Flanders. Within the initial conversations were war demands but also the future of a Europe and the World now that victory had been achieved.
To this end there was several viewpoints, Revanchism, Balance of Power and Supremacy, all unofficial terms to describe the different stances of the various Major contributors to the War effort.
The Greeks who had undertaken extensive fighting in Magna Graecia and their Balkan territories wanted to be compensated greatly from the defeated powers. With some Greek delegates demanding borders not seen since Justinian's day. In a Modern climate where nationality and the will of the people however ruled the day such demands were untenable and ultimately were dismissed for what they were, grandious claims in hopes that the Greek Republic could bargain down from rather than starting with more conservative ones.
The British, who had contributed heavily to the war in Africa, and whos navy was vital in locking off American aid to the Central Powers had valued status quo in europe, and the removal of the dangerous and inflamatory colonies of Bohemia, Italy and Spain in Africa. However, a lack of any change in Europe was simply a no sell to either the Greeks of Khitan who had done the majority of the fighting on the ground and had men who had died by the millions in the war. The British had no chance to gain anything from demands made in Europe after all, and so any colonial changes would come alongside European ones.
The Khitan stance was thus, ensure the Central Powers could never again reunited to threaten Greco-Khitan dominance of Europe, Anglo-Khitan Dominance of Africa and the precarious Sino-Anglo-Khitan dominance of Asia. Thus important industrial regions would need to be dismantled, demilitarized or seized entirely, Khitan and Greek back republics needed to be installed in Russia, Bohemia and Italy with the possibility that such countries such as Bohemia be broken up along ethnic lines. For the Greeks however this solution was considered dangerous at best and suicide at worse, the validation of Self Determination for previously forgotten ethnicities such as Germans, Ukranians, Avars and Balkan peoples would have lasting shockwaves on the Greek's onw multiethnic republic. Though it wasnt a central point of the Khitan proposal it ultimately would be used in the congress to discredit many of President Waverly's points.
Eventually a compromised was reached between all three extremes. Ultimately however this was not the peace that many delegates had hoped for and when the Central Powers diplomats arrived to negotiate what they hoped would be more minor peace demands they were faced with heavy reparations, the loss of their colonial empires and heavy demilitarization demands as a starting point. With the fighting over however, there would be no choice but to accept the terms given at Antwerp. The War to End all Wars, had officially ended.
In Europe Spain got off relatively minor, she would pay heavy war reparations to the Khitan Republic, Grant Free Access to the Mediterranean to all neutral and Allied shipping and renounce any claims to Aquitaine, She would also be required to hold Plebiscites in Barcelona and Navarra to determine the future of said regions, though the choice for said Plebiscites would be between Staying within the Spanish Union, Independence and for Barcelona a Third option of union with Aquitaine was allowed. To Ensure the terms of the treaty were upheld however, the Khitan Empire claimed a large slice of land at Gibraltar near the rock in order to enforce access of the straights and serve as a naval base for her Mid Atlantic Fleet.
In Europe as a whole the major change was the shifting of Italian,Bohemian and Aquitaine borders. Italy would renounce all her claims to the Adriatic coastline and cede all Non ethnic Adriatic regions areas to the Hellenic Republic, Bohemia similarly would revoke all her claims to Illyria, and cede the entirety of Wallachia to the Hellnic Republic. Bohemia, Russia and Italy would be forced to hold Elections with Hellenic and Khitan supervision on new constitutions that would limit their abilities to make war in the future.
The Largest change in the Map of Europe however was the birth of the South German Federal Union of the Danube, otherwise known as the Federal Union of Bavaria or Bavarian Republic. Created as both a State for German peoples and also to serve as an essential military link between the Hellenic and Khitan Republics, and the divorce further co-operation between Italy and Bohemia.
In Northern Europe a Plebiscite in the Elbe Heartland would lead to the renewed independence of Holstien as a Khitan Satellite Republic. All Regions between the Elbe and the Oder River would be allowed to vote. Though the Khitan had been sure to Spoil the pot and ensure that at least Pommerania and Berlin would be integrated into Holstein preemptively, so effort could be spent on the vote in Dresden.
In Eastern Europe, borders were officially established between Russia and Khotan and Persia was officially 'revoked' from the Steppeland in order to Grant the new Russian Republic more freedom in her operations. Though this was done with little regard to the ethnicities within said regions, as large numbers of Persians now resided in Russia, Khotan and now the new XinJiang Republic, founded as a Republic for the various Steppe underclasses that resided in Crimea, Alania, and Central Asia.
In The Middle East and India, India was given the entirety of her territorial Claims East of Afganistan. Arabia was granted Italian Yemen while the Greeks pushed their border to minimize the frontage possible against Iran and swallow the entirety of Iraq and the Caucasus. Persia' theocratic Republic would be dismantled and in its place an Election would be overseen by the Greeks.
In Africa, the Story was simple, complete partition. No Central Powers colonies was left, save Morrocco which the Spanish held several centuries long claims to. The British rather infuriatingly were denied access of a connection between their gains in the Congo and Mutapa as Khitan Diplomats refused to redraw the maps for their own colonies in a peace conference. The Greeks, rather reluctantly were given compensation in Africa to avoid further demands in Europe, being given the North Congo, Senegal and the entirety of Italian and Bohemian North Africa. Britain was given a Naval base at Oran to protect her shipping in the Mediterranean.
Italy would also cede her Java colonies to the United States of Central America and otherwise the Status Quo would be upheld in Asia due to Japan's separate peace with the Khitan Republic. Thus concluding the peace conference's demands.
Overall the Central powers had been heavily reduced, and the stipulations of Antwerp meant that their armies would be restricted to self defense forces be forced to make regular reparations payments. In particular Italy had much of the Po valley under occupation during this period both to ensure the payments arrived on time but also to ensure no rapid militarization occurred, effectively holding the country's industry, hostage.
The Treaty would be declared a great victory by some, others would be more skeptical. Hardliners who wanted the complete destruction of Bohemia and Italy as entities of the map of course would never be pleased but even some moderates estimated that peace could not last and that at worst, the Greeks who had started the war had been given license to keep growing into a hegemony that could Threaten Khitan dominance of the world. The Presence of Greek colonies in Africa would only serve to stoke such fears.
In the Immediate aftermath of the war however things were not quite as had hoped. the Japanese occupation in Khitan China had caused a Famine, the likes of which the Empire had not suffered in well over a century and of a scale far greater as well. Combined with the Devastation of the Ukraine, Hostility from the United States and rapid demobilization across the world millions would die and the empire would ultimately be slow to reach and provide aid to one of its more important regions.
The Japanese, who were still fighting the United States had similar issues with thier own colonies. With growing political and ethnic consciousness in the area the entire country would slowly become a hotbed of unrest and resentment within years of the war's end.
In Academia the so called Lost Generation, the dead generation of young working age men had already begun to send shock waves through the economy and the intelligentsia. Women had found a more prominent role during the war as bread winners, causing social upheaval even at the family level while broadly there was a much larger critique of nationalism and national myth but also that of Human exceptionalism. The great war to end all wars didn't come at any significant gain, and at such great cost much of the criticisms turned to anger.
In the defeated central powers this resentment was targeted not at the old establishment but at the new imposed democracies that had started this war and forced such abhorant peace terms upon their nations, and fairly notably, the United States as well who was seen as having sold out her allies in order to preserve her own ambitions.
In America, with stalemate on the Alaskan frontier not making much news, the Great California earthquake had turned the war devastated and for the most part, forgotten California's situation from bad to worse. With unprecedented complete destruction of the Capital city in San Francisco bay occurring the Country was for almost a week without leadership or direction. For many it had seemed that God himself was rejecting the way the world had turned.
In China the Shun Democratized and granted Women the Right to vote. The Shun dynasty having done so in an attempt to try and harness Anti Japanese and Anti Khitan sentiments into new Nationalist Uprisings as appearing to be a more local and democratic alternative to the Imperial Powers. However such a move ultimately backfired as reactionaries within the Shun Administration attempted to walk back the changes ultimately resulting in a standoff between the Shun Emperor and Several prominent members of Government. The Resulting Coup and Counter coup would lead to the Crown Prince, backed by several reactionary members of the military establishing a Junta four years later. The first sign that the Khitan Democratic way forward was showing cracks as the first of its fair weather allies fell back into authoritarianism.
In 1914 A Scandinavian Philosopher would coin the Term fascism with his paper 'The Revision of Nationalism and the Marriage of Socialism and the Military' which outlined terms for what would become known as 'Fascism', a form of Hyper Nationalist Government uplifting masculine values, militarism, ethnic purity and self sufficiency for a nation. Something that would ultimately resonant with many, particularly those with reactionary and conservative leanings who felt threatened by the rising ride of Socialism in the world. Though ultimately it would be a fringe movement for the rest of the decade as reconstruction and war weariness still remained high.
In 1915, The Khitan Republic would hold elections, With President waverly stepping down due to age and health concerns the Liberals, who campaigned on an anti military, low corporate regulation and social rights protection swept the election taking a slim majority on the Senate and winning the presidency. The Liberal President, a man by the name of Alexander Dumonte had promised to fufill the demands of a war wearing populace and send boys home from occupational garrisons in Italy and Bohemia, and ensure the protection of democratic in Europe through diplomacy, not interventionism.
Speaking of Democracy in Europe, the Plebiscites which were demanded by the Treaty of Antwerp had been held in this time, and the results would range widely in legitimacy and scale of scandal. In Spain the Plebicites for Navarra and Barcelona ultimately were resolved but with heavy vote tampering from local officials to ensure union with the Spanish, as Aquitaine, devastated by war was openly accused in the streets as attempting to pillage Catalonia. The Basques, similarly were hesitant to leave union with for fear of reprisal by either Aquitaine for its traditional claims on the region or Portugal for its betrayal.
In Bohemia however things were far, far worse. Nationalism did not simply die with the war, and the new Democratic Government of Bohemia was considered to have offered such elections without the mandate of the people. In order to ensure Dresden remained in Bohemian hands, factions within the Polish and Bohemian government lobbied to send thousands into the region to vote, similarly, Ethnic Bohemians and Poles born in Dresden and its surrounding counties were recalled and encouraged to vote to oppose the Germans in the region from Joining with Holstein. In some instances rioting and violence were the natural result. By the time of the Plebicites end, Dresden did manage to remain in Bohemian hands, though news stories about the Ballot had spread stating that the Khitan had tried to split the ticket between asking the Locals to Go with Bohemia or Poland or Holstein, implying that the Republic intended to divide the entire country soon.
While this particular instance was not true, it ultimately gathered a large amount of attraction with both formal and underground press, specifically within newborn fascist circles, the most prominent being the Polish Impreza Ludowa, or people's party.
By 1916 the War for Alaska had officially ended, officiating the United States as the Third Place great power in the world. Japan's vital oil and gold fields had been seized by the Americans knocking her completely from note from the world at least for the moment. Though tensions continued to build and relax over the decade as war recovery had begun to set in the Khitan Empire, the economy flourished, and soon spread to other stable powers such as the British, United States, USCA and Even the Spanish and Italians. The More ethnically charged nations of Greece and Bohemia however were undergoing rather significant unrest even still, and such problems would only grow worse.
The late 1910's would quickly become known as the Red 10's as the Communists and Socialists returned in force, particularly in Bohemia. In an effort to keep the elections free and fair Socialist parties were allowed the vote in Krakow by Khitan authorities. With this permission, several Socialist movements regrouped together under the National Workers Party based around the Bohemian and Polish Coal Miners unions. When they ultimately swept the 1918 Elections the rest of Europe held their breath.
The NWP quickly set about nationalizing private industry and establishing 'The Congress of Three' a legislative government aimed at promoted a national Polish-Bohemian identity, allowing Ukrainians to participate in government for the first time. These acts, particularly the re-nationalization of Oil refineries in Poland drew the wrong type of attention from Europe who quickly cut ties from the Socialist Led Second Krakow Republic.
What was far more worrying however was the Fall of California. Ever since the Great Earthquake had the Empire of the Rockies been teetering on collapse, and on Friday 13th 1919, That fear had become a reality as a Contested election and subsequent riots in the urban areas of the country turned to a full revolution. The Royal family was caught in the revolution, while they attempted to escape, the Emperor, his wife and children were all executed by revolutionary firing squad.
Japan and The United States in unison denounced the Californian Republic, having both royal ties to the new executed royal family. Rumors of war in the pacific rim had begun to circulate, as the Californian People's Republic had begun to take shape out of the mess of various militarized unions and socialist academia.
The last and heaviest shock however was to come on Red Monday on May 1st, The Mayday protests in the Hellenic Republic had accidentally turned violent when Troops garrisoning Wallachia mistoke mayday celebrations for a nationalist riot. When news reached the rest of the country, it was assumed that the Hardline Conservative party was attempting to crackdown on Socialist unions throughout the country after four years of moves to regress union rights and impede both social and economic mobility in order to keep new Greek territories compliant with the status quo.
By the time the incident had been addressing things had already spiraled out of control. The Greek Socialists walked out of Government, And Communist Red Guard Militias had seized city blocks and soon entire towns. The Military not waiting for Government approval attempted to put down the revolution in force, which only sponsored sympathy as photographs appeared in Papers from Constantinople to Athens. By June, It was no longer a revolution.