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Introduction & Chapter 1

Fool Esquire

Second Lieutenant
Mar 20, 2021
139
124
Hello everyone! This is my first AAR and I hope you enjoy. I will be playing as the high chiefdom of Songhay, ruled by my custom Bayei dynasty.

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The emblem comes from an old story of the dynasty's foundation: Two shining torches (one held by the patriarch, one by the matriarch) crossed in unity on a lush savanna.

While writing this AAR I will try to experiment with different writing styles. So some chapters will be in a more myth/legend format, some in a more traditional character-following style, some in the first person, and so on.

Goals:
- Form Empire of Mali
- Reform and maintain the African pagan faith
- Maintain a strong empire

I have all gameplay DLCs and am using the following custom rules:
- Exclave Independence: Harsh (helps prevent blobbing)
- Devil Worshipers: Off (they're unpleasant for non-silly games)
- Sunset Invasion: Off (ditto)
- Black Plague: Historical (I actually didn't intend this, I just had it on and didn't notice until I was well into the playthrough)

I will also use console commands for storytelling and/or bugfixing purposes, as needed.

I hope you enjoy!

----

"It all started with old Kodama".
The old man stroked his beard in thought as he regarded the three children sitting and listening to his story. The fire warmed his back, and he continued:
"He was Farbas of this land well before you all were born."
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"A hard worker was he, willing to put time & effort into any goal. And a good sense of rulership to boot. He was a coward, though, and always got others to do the fighting for his wars."
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"He followed the path of the great snake, Bida, and was always trying to get as much money as he could."
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"And he waged wars, too. First taking land from a weaker chief to the east, and then forcing the southern chief to kneel to him."
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"He was respected for his good justice. He once solved a dispute between two hunters over who got to trap a certain grove, by telling them to both set traps there for a night, and whoever caught more game obviously deserved the grove more. But Kodama was forceful, too, and he's the reason why our Chief has to go visit the Songhay tribe once every two harvests."
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"But eventually all his scheming for gold caught up with him, and he died. Indeed, the Great Snake himself appeared at his deathbed to commend him."
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"His son, Kisha, was a lot like his father. Patient and hard-working, but also thought higher of other people. He was also an even more talented aministrator, and as soon as he got enough money, he held a grand ceremony declaring himself Mansa of Songhay. Now, Kodama could have done this, but he didn't have enough money while he lived. This is why we call Kodama "Seed-Planter" - he sowed the seeds of Mansa-hood that Kisha reaped.
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"Like his father, the new Mansa waged wars to grow his lands. But the trouble came after he subjugated a southern lord."
"During this way, the enemy, Takoi of Manding, managed to besiege and capture the fort of the Songhay tribe. Takpi captured Kisha's wife and two sisters, and made them all his concubines. This enraged Kisha so much that after subjugating Takoi, he immediately tried to imprison him. Takoi returned to the battlefield in revolt, but Kisha defeated him again. He then burnt Takoi at the stake.
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"But this angered many Elders, most of whom did not think Takoi's slight merited death. After winning just one more war, a weakness overtook Kisha's body, and he died shortly. This was the spirits' toll for the vengeance he took on Takoi."
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"But when Kisha died, the Elders had their final revenge. Kisha had long called himself Musa of both Mali and Songhay. So the Elders gave Songhay to his successor Kikiya... and Mali to Kukiya's sister Layla."
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"And that, children, is why we can't go south to hunt anymore."
 
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Welcome to AAR writing!
 
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My Mansa, You show great courage in making your FIRST post an AAR. Welcome to the forum as well as AARwriting. Please take time to grant your wisdom (comment) to others as you welcome us to the sub Sahara. What is your current succession plan? Females inherits equally with males Gavelkind? My Mansa, may your journey be safe and fruitful.
 
Welcome to AAR writing!
Thank you!
My Mansa, You show great courage in making your FIRST post an AAR. Welcome to the forum as well as AARwriting. Please take time to grant your wisdom (comment) to others as you welcome us to the sub Sahara. What is your current succession plan? Females inherits equally with males Gavelkind? My Mansa, may your journey be safe and fruitful.
Thank you, that's very kind of you!
The succession laws are just the default, Agnatic-Cognatic Eldership. But I was prompted to nominate successors for both the kingdoms of Mali and Songhay. I managed to keep the two nominations on Kukiya until the trouble with Takoi. I can't switch to primogeniture until I adopt feudalism, which in turn requires reformed paganism. (Or abandoning paganism, which I won't do.) Apart from that, only forming the Empire of Mali will secure the full succession, and that's still a ways away.
Luckily I figured out an immediate solution to the whole matter, as will be shown in the next chapter.
 
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Mali and Songhay are divided.

War is coming over that. Succession crisis?
 
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Always nice to see new people!

Good challenge, especially reformation.
 
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Chapter 2: The Tragedy of the Twins
Chapter 2: The Tragedy of the Twins

"The Tragedy of the Twins", a short play by D. O. Keita, recounting the 10th-century events of Kukiya and Layla. The play received some challenges on basis of historical accuracy, but sold well. Silver Star Press, 1979.

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SCENE 1: The throne room of Songhay. Small, but well-furnished. On the throne sits KUKIYA, a sly and untrusting man of 39. He listens to a kneeling servant, OUALI.

OUALI: The ceremonies are complete, my lord. Your sister reigns as Queen of Mali.

KUKIYA: And her bearing?

OUALI: Personal or regnal?

KUKIYA: Both, imbecile.

OUALI: In body, sire, she is said to be quite weak, and eats little. But in governance she is known to be skilled with money, and quite affable besides.

KUKIYA: Aye, that's the sister I remember. Shame those elders for placing her on Mali's throne. They thought to spite my father, but they have only doomed my sister.
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A MESSENGER enters with haste.

MESSENGER: My Mansa! The eastern lady of Mali, Youma the Bold, has taken up arms against Queen Layla. Their two estates are of equal size, and Youma proclaims her independence as just.

KUKIYA: The gazelles leave the herd, and each exposes itself to the lion.
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OUALI: Do you not plan to aid your sister, my lord?

KUKIYA: Insolent fool! The elders have proclaimed my sister the heir to this throne. She no doubt plots to end my reign even now. The elders' mischief will be undone, and I shall be rightful ruler of all my father's lands! Dongo be with me! We ride for war when Youma puts down her arms.
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SCENE 2: A infantry camp. An OLD SOLDIER and YOUNG SOLDIER sit on a rock, cleaning their weapons.

YOUNG SOLDIER: We march tomorrow, I hear.

OLD SOLDIER: Aye. West.

YOUNG SOLDIER: Against whom?

OLD SOLDIER: Youma or Layla, whomever rules the land.

YOUNG SOLDIER: Our Mansa desires to rule it?

OLD SOLDIER: Aye, as Kisha once did.

YOUNG SOLDIER: And the lands further west? That Layla herself holds?

OLD SOLDIER: No doubt we shall be called to war against them too.

YOUNG SOLDIER: The Mansa would war against his own sister? That is a grave offense.

OLD SOLDIER: Mansas do not think like you or I.

A horn is heard in the distance.

OLD SOLDIER: The call to form ranks No doubt we learn the lord of the fellow lowmen who we must fight.

They leave stage left. KUKIYA and OUALI, armored, enter stage right.

OUALI: Youma stands victorious and independent, my lord. But Layla still styles herself Queen of Mali in her reduced lands.

KUKIYA: What chance! The armies of both the two shall be weakened. We shall march west until we have reclaimed all that my father once ruled!

OUALI: [apprehensively] Verily, my lord!

KUKIYA: Do not question me! Leave now, and prepare our horses.

OUALI leaves. KUKIYA turns to look up.

KUKIYA: O sister! Born in the same hour were we, and oft it seemed born with the same heart. Friends were we, until fate split us apart. I curse the elders for placing you on that throne, which is rightfully mine. You shall be treated well in my court, I pledge. Now, to war!


SCENE 3: Throne room of LAYLA. Smaller and barer than KUKIYA's. LAYLA is in counsel with her MARSHAL.

MARSHAL: Kukiya is victorious, my Queen. The traitorous Youma perished in war, and a new Farbas of Yatenga kneels to Songhay.

LAYLA: And the spies? What say they of my brother?

MARSHAL: He is quite fearsome. He won two fierce duels and left his foes with their wounds.

LAYLA: A questionable mercy.
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MARSHAL: There is more, my Queen. Your brother is said to be afflicted with the same frailness of constitution which once tormented your majesty. But others say he has grown quite muscled from his warring.

LAYLA: A strange contradiction indeed.
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MARSHAL: I must go now to review the garrisons.

LAYLA: Spirits guard you.

He leaves. Layla contemplates a dusty painting of the palace.

LAYLA: O brother! I hold the deepest sisterly love for you, and yet my spies say you intend to make war. Ambition has poisoned your mind. Our two realms could have been friends and allies, yet your greed will urge you to seize my throne. Will you spare even me? Alas! Alas!


SCENE 4: A war-tent. KUKIYA studies a map on a table. OUALI enters.

OUALI: The garrisons have surrendered, sire! The war is won.

KUKIYA: And my sister?

OUALI: [suspiciously] A snake bit her while she slept, sire. Two nights ago. Your nephew Kinkin is now Mansa of Mali.

KUYKIA: What?! [enraged at Ouali's expression] You suspect I would strike down my own sister?!

OUALI: No, sire, I-

KUKIYA: Out!

OUALI flees. Kukiya sinks to the ground in grief.

KUKIYA: The war is won, and yet my sister did not live to see it. What foul miscreant in her court sent the snake? It was not I, though I know many will think otherwise. What shall I do now? How can I prevent this from occurring again?

[Hurrahs of victory are heard from offstage. Kukiya sighs deeply and leaves to join them.]
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SCENE 5: The throne-room of Songhay, again. Now furnished with several items from Mali's throne room. KUKIYA, looking haggard, once again sits on the throne and hears from his SPYMASTER.

SPYMASTER: The ducal war is won, my lord. Your lands now stretch further than Songhay's ever have before.

KUKIYA: [tiredly] Has the realm heard my proclamation that the kingdom of Mali is abolished?

SPYMASTER: Yes, my lord, but it is not as you expected. The elders will choose one person to inherit all your lands, but the landowners now say that the crown of Mali is merely vacant, and another could claim it.

KUKIYA: Damn them! One day all our land shall be under one crown for good. The wretched elders shall never again pull a trick like they did with my father.

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SPYMASTER: There is one more matter, my lord. My agents have caught wind of plot on your life. Rest assured that I am taking every effort to find the perpetrators-

KUKIYA: I am assured. You may leave now, unless there is more to report.

SPYMASTER: Nay, my lord. Shall I send the physician in?

KUKIYA: Nay, I desire solitude.

SPYMASTER: Yes, my lord.

[As the SPYMASTER leaves, KUKIYA slumps down in his throne.]

KUKIYA: A tormented life I have lived, despite having the riches of a mansa. My own sister I had to war against, and then a plot which took her life. My subjects plot against me in turn, and my mind is haunted. Fourteen years have I reigned, and yet all I desire is peace.
[He gets up from his throne.]
O ghosts of years past! Begone! The wasting sickness strikes at my body like a snake's bite. Is this the hour of my fate? Is this the death the spirits chose for me? Layla, I beg your forgiveness! My vision blurs. Life, I bid thee farewell, thou strange and terrible thing!
[He slumps to the ground. Fade stagelights.]
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FIN
 
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Mali and Songhay are divided.

War is coming over that. Succession crisis?
War indeed, but no succession crisis. The dual-succession problem has been resolved for now, but the Kingdom of Mali could still be recreated. Future Mansas had best watch their vassals, for until an Empire is formed, becoming King of Mali means independence...
Always nice to see new people!

Good challenge, especially reformation.
Thank you!

Also, I don't remember how Kukiya got "the Merry" nickname, so I just ignored that.
 
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Kukiya and Layla seem to have an interesting relationship.

Who struck down Layla?
 
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Kukiya and Layla seem to have an interesting relationship.

Who struck down Layla?
I never found out. Is there a console command that can tell me?

Ah, found it. It was the "observe" command, and then clicking on the skull.
Queen Layla's murderer was also named Layla. Layla Askiya, wife of the farin (count) of Timbuktu province, which never left Songhay after being conquered. She's still alive in 934 (year of Kukiya's death). She's a sly and cynical type with little regard for justice.
I can't ascertain a motive, though. She had a strong claim on the duchy of Yatenga, but not Manding, which is what Queen Layla held after the Yatenga rebellion. Eldership succession only chooses candidates from within the ruling dynasty, so neither she nor her dynastic children would have been in line for the Kingdom of Mali. Perhaps the two became rivals? It doesn't display that after death, and they weren't rivals in my last save file before Queen Layla's death. Overall, a strange murder.
 
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Great! Great Stuff!

Per Wiki, requirements for 'the Merry': at least 20, gregarious and kind. It looks like that he had name before you got him. Even the 39yo screenshot does not show those two traits, so he looks like that his character changed as the AI played.

Murder is often most strange both in CK and our timeline.

Be safe. You are off to a great start.
 
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The elders really did force those wars with their decisions. Hopefully that can be avoided in the future.
 
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Chapter 3: The Troubled Giant
Chapter 3: The Troubled Giant

At the age of 50, Kinkin was elected new Mansa of Songhay. He was the nephew of Kukiya, the previous Mansa. A giant of a man, tall and strong, he had managed to avoid the early health issues which plagued so many others with giantism. He took great care in his dress, was a learned man, and a hard worker, with especial knowledge in the medical arts. But he disliked social settings, perhaps as a result of childhood alienation. Finally, he was an envious sort, eager to use his skills in warfare to grow the realm.
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The first opportunity came when the Idrisid Sultunate, which controlled most of north-western Africa, invaded the neighbouring Kingdom of Ghana in an attempt to make it pay tribute. Although Kinkin had designs on Ghana himself, he did not want to see the heathen Muslim go stronger. He declared war to seize Sultan Abdullah's province of Targaza, just north of Songhay's borders.
The war was a disaster. Although the Songhay forces managed to seize Targaza, they were ambushed by a Muslim army of nearly double the size. Kinkin had underestimated the levying power of the Iqta rulers, and he paid for it in a very personal way.

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The spear effectively removed a portion of Kinkin's left cheek, and left damage in his inner mouth as well. Though the wound would eventually heal, his cheek would remain a horrid sight.
The Muslim army continued to press its numerical advantage, repeatedly destroying Songhay's troops until Kinkin was forced to surrender.
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Returning home to Songhay, Kinkin was humiliated by his loss in war and his disfigurement. He began wearing a mask whenever he was not alone, and his reclusive nature intensified. He would often eat in his chambers, and spent most of his time reading or writing down his theories on warfare. Even Kinkin's wife sometimes went days without speaking to him - although Kinkin's physical state didn't exactly make that a complaint for her. His hulking figure, masked face, and secluded lifestyle, all led to some people whispering that he was not a man, but an otherworldly creature barely able to disguise itself as human.
The next shock to Songhay came when the large Kingdom of Kanem to the east abandoned the African faith in favour of Sunni Islam. It was not only the leaders who embraced the ways of the Quran, but the populace at large. One of the five holy sites of Paganism was now under control of a hostile faith.
Kinkin was not a particularly religious man (and this might be understood for one who suffered such as he did), but the mass conversion troubled him. Traders spoke of how other pagans were persecuted and mistreated by Abrahamics. He had no interest in embracing Islam himself; indeed the failed war against the Idrisids made him eve less open to the idea. Kinkin decided to work at the problem with what he was most skilled at: warfare. Two holy sites were located within Songhay. A third was in newly-converted Kanem, a fourth in Indrisid territory to the north, and the final one was located east, in the smaller kingdom of Hausaland. Hausaland would have to fall, so that Songhay could safeguard the holy sites.
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Astoundingly, however, the Mansa of Hausaland beat him to the punch, launching a subjugation invasion while Kinkin built up his treasury.
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The sly and ambitious Mai Shashere, though a military prodigy, was no match for Songhay's larger armies. After the peace treaty ended, Kinkin would then launch a counter-invasion of the weakened Hausaland, seizing a border province. He aimed to seize the holy sites if possible, rather than the whole kingdom, to reduce the amount of governing he would have to do.
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As for the western neighbour, Ghana, Kinkin had also seized a province from them after they successfully fought off the Idrisids. But another blow came when the Farbas of Manding, Samsou-Keïna, had been selected to rule Ghana! The elders once again made mischief of Songhay, as the newly-crowned Mansa incorporated Manding into his territory. For all those wars, Songhay was now smaller than it had been when Kinkin began his reign.
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Kinkin's seclusion was further fuled by the discovery of a plot by the heir of Songhay, who resided in Ghana, to kill Kinkin. Kinkin had trusted Zakoi, but now could not stop the heir's plot. He instead removed his vote from Zakoi, triggering a flurry of re-voting that ended with the treacherous man no longer heir to Songhay.
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Kinkin won another war against Ghana, but there was internal trouble in the realm. Several vassals wished to undo some of the centralization reforms instituted by previous Mansas. Meanwhile, the vile farbas of Kebbi schemed about gaining independence.
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Although neither faction ever made a move, the possibility of civil war kept Kinkin from trying his luck further against Ghana or Hausaland.
Furthermore, the tension surrounding Kinkin's personal life began to ramp up. His loyal spymaster saved him from a kidnapping attempt, and was then attacked in turn while investigating a plot.
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Finally, the Mansa was ambushed and killed on the road by thugs during a rare carriage trip. His book was unfinished, and reportedly found its way into the library of Timbuktu. He had reigned for 14 years, and despite his best efforts the loss of Manding had still left the kingdom smaller overall. At his own written request, Kinkin's body was cremated rather than buried. The disfigured giant had no desire to posthumously preserve the physical features which had caused him so much trouble.
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Kukiya II took the throne in 948. Although Kinkin's victories left Songhay the strongest of the African pagan kingdoms, Ghana was far from powerless. And the threat of the Muslims loomed on the horizon. What did the future hold for the people of Songhay?
 
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Great! Great Stuff!

Per Wiki, requirements for 'the Merry': at least 20, gregarious and kind. It looks like that he had name before you got him. Even the 39yo screenshot does not show those two traits, so he looks like that his character changed as the AI played.

Murder is often most strange both in CK and our timeline.

Be safe. You are off to a great start.
Thank you! Yes, Kukiya's demeanor may have been merry earlier in life, but his time as Mansa certainly was not.
The elders really did force those wars with their decisions. Hopefully that can be avoided in the future.
Ghana's elders are now the ones causing trouble for Songhay. Abandoning those fools will be top priority once it is possible... hopefully they don't become the elder-illuminati or anything.

It was indeed Zakoi who was behind the highwaymen. He was no longer heir, but I guess he didn't like Kinkin enough to abandon the plot.
 
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Kinkin had a hard life. Sheesh, that has to be traumatic.

Stupid elders! And now we have Muslims to deal with, too.
 
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The elders are proving no end of trouble!
 
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Chapter 4: The Road to Reformation
Chapter 4: The Road to Reformation (Or; The Elders Actually Help Me For A Change)

Excerpts from The Seed Writings: A New Look at the 10th Century African Pagan Reformation. D.B. Falau, 2004.

Kukiya II Bayei, previously a minor landowner in Ghana, was elected as new Mansa of Songhay. By all accounts he was quite a prodigious man. Contemporary accounts speak of his strength, diligence and administrative skill, whereas later recollections told of his bravery and intelligence. There were, however, consistent stories about his alleged homosexuality, bolstered by lack of concubines and choice of a wife who was known to lack much sexual desire. But it is likely we will never know, and in any case, those who would have disparaged him for his sexuality found themselves drowned out by his supporters.
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Although this is not a book of military history, attention must be given to the territorial expansion which paved the way for the Reformation. Firstly, the conquest of Aoudaghost from Ghana. Kukiya II's turn on his former lords cut them off from their newly won northern lands, leading to the region's eventual independence.
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Next, the subjugation of neighbouring Hausaland. The ambitious Kukiya II personally fought in many decisive battles of this war. Upon prevailing, he now controlled a second ancient holy site. The paranoid ex-Mansa Shashere, now Farbas Shashere, never left hiding, easing Kukiya's integration of the new lands.
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Another war against Ghana secured a third holy site, in Wagadu. But the foolhardy Kukiya II had bigger plans. He declared his intention to avenge his predecessor Kinkin's injuries at the hands of the Idrisid Sultanate, by claiming the same northern province previously fought for. The war for Taghaza brought Kukiya new fame among his people. An account of a priest who witnessed the army reads: "Kukiya's army was made up of many swordsmen, and also spearmen, and also bowmen, all of whom praised the Mansa as a good leader of men and as a good warrior. They had returned from the land of Targhaza in the north but said they planned to return for another way one day."
While Kukiya enjoyed victories in war, however, religious events were moving quickly. The first catalyst came when the Idrisids sent a preacher to Kukiya's court in an attempt to convert him to Sunni Islam. Kukiya reportedly listened to the priest for two minutes before telling him to leave Songhay or be beheaded.
Then, surprising news came from the east. The people of Djimi, who lived around another African holy site, had returned to the pagan faith as part of a pagan revivalism in the region!
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Kukiya realized that if he could seize the final holy site in Draa, the faith would be in a very strong position. The truce with the Idrisids had ended already, and he called forth a large army.
The deserts of Draa were about to host the most important war in Songhayan history.
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Surprisingly, however, the war was not as arduous as previous ones. The Idrisid levies were still recovering from a pretender war, and Draa was not seen as being important compared to the more fertile and developed coastal lands. From the Idrisid sultan's point of view, the loss of Draa probably wasn't a big deal.
Kukiya once again fought alongside his army and led them to victory. Immediately after the war, however, he returned home and began a very religious lifestyle. He listened to many storytellers and their ancestral tales. He spent hours in seclusion and contemplation. This behaviors puzzled many of his peers, but his good governance kept his vassals content.
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In private, Kukiya had realized his opportunity to reform the faith. He realized that a more structured and codified version of the ancestral traditions needed to be forged, in order to resist encroachment by the Muslims. Surviving records show that even in those early years, Kukiya had already conceived of such vital aspects as a singular holy book and predefined conversion rituals.
But the Mansa could not simply declare the faith reformed. He needed to garner a reputation as a man of holiness and great learning, in order to gain the support of priests and theologians. Thus, his religious lifestyle. He prayed. He made sacrifices and held religious festivals. His wife died, but he did not marry again. He took Dan as his patron deity, seeking the Rainbow Serpent's wisdom in how to bridge the gap between the old ways and the new ones he aimed to create.
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During this time, Kukiya also completed his personal work of literature, a treatise on stewardship. It is ironic that the sole text known to be authored by Kukiya himself was not a theological text it all. Modest Measures is unfortunately lost to time, although references to it can be found in contemporary texts.
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Kukiya waged further wars, but no longer participated directly in them, instead relying on Songhay's commanders and regional numerical superiority.
It was also during this time that Abyssinia, the closest Muslim realm to the east, came under control of Shi'a zealots who were denounced by Sunni neighbours. This likely furthered Kukiya's distrust of Islam.
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Sadly, however, Kukiya II died of natural causes in 981, at age 50. He left behind numerous writings containing thoughts on the possible African reformation. His successor, the charming Queen Dangey, read through his notes and also came to believe in the enccessity of an African reformation. She endeavored to become a religious scholar in the same way Kukiya had.
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Like her ancestor abolished the Kingdom of Mali, Dangey abolished the Kingdom of Hausaland in an effort to secure a single succession for all Songhay's lands. This proved unpopular with her vassals, however, and she dared not wage foreign wars lest an opportunistic farbas raise a rebellion.
Tragically, Queen Dangey died in 988, at age 55. Also dead of natural causes, she had never reached the same theological prowess as Kukiya.
Her successor, however, would change everything. For this was Laraba, or Laraba the Great as some readers may know him (though that nickname was largely posthumous).
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Ascending to the throne at just 29, Laraba displayed the social skills of Dangey and the intelligence of Kukiya. He grew to be a brave and zealous man.
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In 995, capitalizing on the completion of a great totem in his capital, Laraba issued a call for all learned theologians to come to his court. When they had assembled, he began the Great Reformation Council. The aim of this council was nothing less than the creation of a new, codified African pagan faith, based on synthesis of the many regional beliefs and practices.

The proceedings of this council were greatly documented and a full analysis could fill another book. The level of involvement of Laraba himself is also disputed, based on historical and theological beliefs. We will summarize the key aspects of the new African faith as was created in the GRC:
  • Afo tira: One book. The Sintinay Tira - First Book - was defined as the sole holy book, teaching all aspects necessary for the new faith. Also called "the Legends", it contains a creation myth, cosmology of the worlds and spirits, instructions on various rituals, parables on how to live, and so on. This was to prevent sects arising which rejected the Council's decisions. To this day, all major African denominations have the Sintinay Tira as their primary holy book.
  • Sabayáŋ mila: Equality of thought. There would be no central religious authority like a Christian Pope or Muslim Caliph. Instead, anyone who learned the Sintinay Tira would be free to deliver their own interpretation of the faith. This was seen as an effective way to distribute the faith among scattered and often decentralized settlements.
  • Sanniza hini: Power of words. The conversion of Kanem had proved proselytization's power. Priests would be encouraged to perform missionary work to spread the faith, rather than call for wars.
  • Yaw jangal: Foreign tax. Traditionally considered to have been added by the nobles. Infidels within African lands would be allowed to worship in peace... provided they paid the foreigner tax. This was seen as a way to tolerate infidels while still gaining profit. This doctrine has fallen out of favour in modern times, and no government currently collects Yaw jangal.
  • Boori silman kayna: (Setting) Good example. Traditionally considered to have been added by the common folk. The faith would encourage the pursuit of self-excellence in daily life.
  • Bayrayànté alomar: Knowledgeable life. Traditionally considered to have been added by the priests. Those who wished to live a pious life would be allowed to live in special holy settlements and cease to worry about earthly affairs. Of course, there were also cases of people being involuntarily sent to a monastic life, usually for political reasons.
  • Adili: Loyalty. Traditionally considered to have been added by Laraba himself. Remembering his contentious early years with his vassals, he wrote a section espousing loyalty to one's lord. Over time this would become has been more broadly adapted to encourage loyalty to family and peers.
There were of course many objections raised. In particular, the issue of sects or denominations, which some worried would result from priestly autonomy and an emphasis on proselytization. But the above structure is what resulted from the Great Reformation Council, and even today the Old Africans adhere very closely to its structure.
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After much debate and discussion, the Great Reformation Council was proclaimed complete on 2 November 995. Work on copies of the Sintinay Tira begun immediately, and messengers rode out in every direction proclaiming the Great African Reformation.
Laraba himself would adopt a spiritualist personal doctrine, after many years of intensely religious lifestyle.
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A cynical contemporary source noted the irony that Laraba, although a less skilled religious scholar than Kukiya II, ended up as the one in charge of reformation. But it was Kukiya II's conquests which paved the way for the reformation. In any case, Kukiya would eventually receive his own sect: Kukiyists follow various holy writings which they believe were authored by Kukiya himself.
At age 36, Laraba had reformed the faith and his name was praised across Songhay. But his work was not done. Many regions of Songhay refused to accept the new faith, declaring their allegiance to the old oral traditions. The stage was set for a struggle between the old and new ways. And there were still enemies abroad...
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I got really lucky here with a number of things. Kukiya II's inheritance cutting off the northern holdings of Ghana. The eastern holy site owner flipping back to African, preventing me from having to conquer all the way over there myself. And Ghana and the Idrisids weakening themselves in the war for Bir Um Grein. I genuinely was not expecting such an early reformation, but it happened. Hooray!

The words of the doctrines are from the Zarma language of West Africa. It's a member of the Songhay language family and Zarma speakers make up about two-thirds of all speakers of a Songhay language. Although Zarma's real-life presence is somewhat south of our Kingdom of Songhay, I couldn't find a suitable dictionary for the languages that map to our ingame location.
If a Zarma speaker is reading this, I apologize for any mistakes I may have made with my clumsy dictionary-based translations.

Next update, I'm going to show the rest of the map! I've been intentionally keeping glimpses of the rest of the world rare. Songhay has not really concerned itself with the wider world, apart from the trade routes coming from the north and religious activity in the east. But I hope you will enjoy the "world tour".
 
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Interlude: World Tour
Interlude: World Tour at the turn of the millennium

These being the personal recollections of Harun, traveller of Songhay, from the years 996-1006.
In the year 996 news of the Most Holy Reformation reached my home. I saw the wisdom in its teachings and converted forewith, but the majority of my neighbours sought to remain with the old ways. This put me in some danger, and being a widower with no children, I decided to embrace the wanderlust which I had felt for some time. Gathering whatever funds I could, I resolved to travel as far as my body allowed.

I first travelled north past the Idrisid realm, into the land which is called Al-andalos. A great Umayyad empire controls this land, which is fertile and shaped like a circle. They are the furthest west, and westmore is a great ocean which no man has ever sailed across and returned. They are Muslims here, and so is the king of West Francia to the north. But most of his people are Catholics, and there is much mischief plotted against the King, such that he is unlikely to remain on the throne.
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Further east is East Francia, ruled by the same Karling family. West Francia is a land of plains, and East Francia a great forest. The Two Francias were united in the far past, but have drifted apart. There are also divers smaller realms such as Lotharingia and Denmark, and they are Catholics also.
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North of Europe are the rainy islands of Britain, where dwell hardy people. They praise the bloody Norse gods, the largest among them are the kingdoms of England and Ireland. And there is also a group of holy knights, the Jommsvie Kings, who are said to be the fiercest men ever laid eyes upon. To the east of Britain, across the Viking Sea, is the cold Norse homeland. But I could not travel there, for they kill outsiders on sight.
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Britain is north of the Francias, and to the south is Italy. This land is plains, but with a might mountain range down the centre. In the distant past this land held a mighty empire, but now it is fractured and no king claims rulership over it all. Italy is also where the Pope lives, whom Catholics revere as an avatar of their god. Further east is forested Bulgaria, which marks the end of Catholic land and the beginning of Orthodox rule. Orthodox and Catholics are both Christians, but had a great quarrel in the past. North of Bulgaria is a troubled land, with many kings and faiths who fight each other often.
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South of Bulgaria is the remains of the Roman Empire, which ruled it Italy. A rocky land, it is ruled by Greek Orthodoxs now, and they still hold part of Italy. This is also a troubled land, for the Emperor's vassals constantly plot ill against him, and he must use his efforts to quell them.
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North of the Greeks we find the horsemen of the steppe. They hold no castles, but instead live on horseback and sleep in large tents pulled by oxen. They are proud and quarrelsome, and war frequently with each other and their neighbours. There are three great kingdoms of the horsemen. Kazaria follows the Jewish faith. Chigli follows the teachings of the Prophet Zoroaster, and fought among itself as I passed through. And Kirgiz are Buddhists, who believe a man is born again and again until he is free of sin. To the north of the horsemen is an icy land which holds no cities or castles. East of Kirgiz is China, which I could not see as their borders are closed to foreigners.
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South of Kirgiz is a great mountain range which holds divers small kingdoms. They are Buddhists here also, and so is the Pala Emperor who rules almost all India. India is a great land of jungles, filled with creatures seen nowhere else. The other king in India is Pratihara, who follows a faith called Hindu. Pratihara's land is greater than Pala, but the Indians of the south pay tribute to Pala, and together they are greater. Also in India are a peculiar people called Janes, who swear to harm no man or animal so long as they live. They were most kind to me, giving me shelter and board.
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Returning west we find the mighty Abbasid Muslims of the Persian deserts. Their Sultan is also their chief priest, and wields a truly mighty army. I almost died here, by zealous Muslim agents
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Further west, back into Africa, we find the strange land of Yabguid. The lords here are Catholics who long ago claimed the realm for the Pope, but now they have taken up the local culture, although they still praise the Pope. The people are mostly Muslims. The Yabguids, Abbasids, and Greek-Romans all wish mischief on each other, and their border lands are full of trouble.
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Further south there are the Hashimid Muslims, who rule across a great Red Sea. In the past a cult of Muslims called Shia attempted to seize this land, but they were repelled.
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Finally returning west into Africa, I passed through the border realm of Bornu before once again seeing my beloved Songhay...
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What in Dida's name happened here?!
 
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