I propose using this thread for Events specific for countries in Central America, the Caribbean, and South America. Also I propose using the Events thread for questions about Event making.
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[Some may make good events, some won't. I'm just posting them for someone else to decide]
Ok then, I guess I'll step up. Here is everything major I could find besides Mexico:
Argentina
1916–22
HIPÓLITO YRIGOYEN, leader of the Argentine Radicals, was elected president after an electoral reform (1912) granted the secret ballot and suffrage to all males over 18 years of age. Yrigoyen introduced modest social reforms (factory acts, regulation of hours, pensions, etc.), but eventually gave up efforts to win over the labor movement and turned to repression to control workers. Large landowners retained their dominance, and the patronage and corruption of earlier regimes persisted. Yrigoyen refused to give up neutrality during the First World War, although diplomatic relations with Germany were strained after the sinking of Argentine ships by German submarines (1917). Argentine supplied huge quantities of wheat and meat to the Allies.
1918
Entrance of middle-class immigrants' children into universities fueled La Reforma, a movement for student participation in university governance and curricular reform. It began with student strikes in Córdoba and soon spread to campuses in Buenos Aires and La Plata. Yrigoyen supported the movement, which also inspired student political activity elsewhere in Latin America.
1919, Jan
SEMANA TRÁGICA (the Tragic Week). Police and the army opened fire first on striking workers and then on the funeral for those killed in the massacre. Perhaps thousands were killed in the worker riots that followed. In the aftermath, the “Patriotic League,” an anti-Communist, anti-Semitic nativist organization, aided in the identification and persecution of surviving strikers and supporters.
1920
Argentina became an original member of the League of Nations, but withdrew from the assembly in 1921 on rejection of an Argentine resolution that all sovereign states be admitted to the League.
1922–28
MARCELO ALVEAR, Radical candidate, elected president. His attempts at fiscal austerity caused a split in the Radical Party (1924). His presidency also witnessed a growing wave of conflicts between the federal government in Buenos Aires and anti-Radical governments in the provinces.
Chile
1919, Aug
Increasingly militant organized labor staged a demonstration of 100,000 people in Santiago, protesting inflation, declining wages, and government repression.
1920, Jan. 10
Chile became a member of the League of Nations.
1920–21
Chile suffered severely from the general world slump and the cessation of the demand for nitrate. The lower classes demanded a more democratic regime and extensive social legislation.
1920–24
ARTURO ALESSANDRI (1869–1950) elected president after a disputed election. Candidate of the Liberal Alliance Party, he advocated wide political and social reforms. His election represented a victory for the middle classes, supported by labor elements. But during his term, Alessandri, impeded by the elite-dominated parliamentary system, was unable to make much progress. At the same time many military officers, seeing the ineffectiveness of repression, began to pressure the government for social reforms. They did gain child labor laws, recognition for unions, and increases in army salaries. When in 1924 the government began to return to more traditional ways, the military forced Alessandri from office.
Paraguay
1916–19
Manuel Franco, president.
1919–20
On Franco’s death, José Montero, the vice president, succeeded.
1920–21
Manuel Gondra, president. He was forced to resign by a revolutionary group.
1924–28
After the short presidencies of Eusebio Ayala (1921–23), Eligio Ayala (1923–24), and Luis Riart (1924), Eligio Ayala was elected president. Representing the Liberal groups, he inaugurated a policy of social legislation.
Uruguay
1915–19
Feliciano Viera administration.
1919–23
During the administration of Baltasar Brum, as in those of his three predecessors and his successors, many social and administrative reforms were initiated and the internal development of the country was rapid. Immigration and urbanization continued throughout the period.
1917
On the entry of the U.S. into the First World War, Uruguay expressed solidarity and later severed relations with Germany.
1919, March 1
A new constitution curtailed the powers of the president, created the National Council of Administration (nine members elected by popular vote and endowed with important functions), and disestablished the Roman Catholic Church. The council was designed to assuage Blanco opposition to continued Colorado rule and prevent them from seeking nonelectoral means of gaining power.
1920
Uruguay joined the League of Nations.
1923–27
José Serrato, president.
Bolivia
1913–17
Ismael Montes president, for his second term in office.
1917, April 13
Bolivia severed relations with Germany but did not declare war.
1917–20
José Gutiérrez Guerra, president.
1920, Jan. 10
Bolivia became an original member of the League of Nations.
1920, March 16
In the Tacna-Arica dispute, Bolivia took the stand that neither Chile nor Peru was entitled to the provinces. The Bolivian government appealed to the League of Nations (Nov. 1) for access to the Pacific, but the effort failed.
1920, July 11
A coup d'état led to the overthrow of Gutiérrez Guerra.
1921–25
Juan Bautista Saavedra became president. By this time Bolivia was producing one quarter of the world's tin supply. The largest tin mining concerns were owned by three Bolivian families: the Hochschilds, Patiños, and Aramayos, known collectively as La Rosca. This period was marked by massive development of the tin industry, some public improvements, and flotation of large loans in the U.S. By the mid-1920s, Bolivia (having had no foreign debt in 1908) owed $40 million to foreign creditors. Americans controlled Bolivia's mining and customs bureaus and had claims on more than half of the government's revenue. Civil unrest grew as miners created a large anarcho-syndicalist union movement, which was only fueled by army massacres of striking workers in 1918, 1919, and 1923.
Peru
1914, Feb. 4
A military revolt led to the overthrow of President Guillermo Billinghurst.
1914–15
Col. Oscar Benavides served as provisional president.
1915–19
José Pardo, president.
1917, Oct. 5
Peru severed relations with Germany, after attacks on Peruvian ships
1919, Jan
Workers led a three-day general strike, winning an eight-hour-day law for Peru's urban workers.
1919, July 4
A coup d'état led to the resignation and imprisonment of President Pardo.
1919, Dec. 27
A new constitution (went into effect Jan. 18, 1920) introduced compulsory primary education, compulsory labor arbitration, income tax, etc.
1920, Jan. 10
Peru joined the League of Nations at the very outset.
1921–29
The long, drawn-out dispute with Chile over Tacna and Arica, when finally settled, assigned Tacna to Peru.
Ecuador
1916–20
Alfredo Baquerizo Moreno, president.
1917, Dec. 7
Ecuador severed relations with Germany because of the submarine campaign, but did not follow most other Latin American states in joining the League of Nations at the conclusion of the war. During the war and the immediate postwar period much progress was made in education, social legislation, and above all sanitation (work of the American Col. William Gorgas at Guayaquil, long a center of bubonic plague).
1920–24
José Luis Tamayo, president.
Colombia
1914–18
José V. Concha, president. He represented the conservative groups (whose rule became known as the Regeneración) that had been in power since 1884 and continued to rule the country until 1930. Even the conservative administrations of Colombia were obliged to initiate a measure of social legislation to meet growing pressure from the lower classes. Colombia remained neutral during the First World War, but joined the League of Nations (Feb. 16, 1920).
1918–21
Marco Fidel Suárez, president.
1919, Aug. 15
Signature of a contract with the Tropical Oil Company for exploitation of the Colombian oil fields, one of the most important sources of national wealth.
1921, April 20
The U.S. Senate finally ratified the Thomson-Urrutia Treaty (concluded 1914) with certain modifications, thus ending the long dispute with regard to Panama. The Colombian Congress ratified it on Dec. 22.
1922–26
Pedro Nel Ospina, president.
1922, March 24
An award by the Swiss federal council ended a long-standing boundary dispute with Venezuela in favor of Colombia. A boundary treaty with Peru settled the frontier on that side.
Venezuela
Can't get much...
1920, March 3
Venezuela maintained neutrality during the First World War, but joined the League of Nations.
Brazil
1914–18
Wenceslau Braz Pereira Gomes, president. The temporary unavailability of manufactured imports during World War I expanded the demand for domestic industrial goods, mainly produced in São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro. Large textile factories, mainly employing women and children, opened in both cities, coexisting alongside smaller plants and workshops. The war also spurred a shift from Britain to the U.S. as the major source of Brazilian imports and financing.
1915, May 25
Agreement with Argentina and Chile (ABC treaty) providing for arbitration of disputes.
1917, 1919
Faced with rising prices for basic goods, Brazilian workers, including women textile operatives, declared general strikes in the major industrial centers. The agro-export oligarchies, which also had interests in Brazil's burgeoning manufacturing industries, generally refused to recognize the unions and called upon the military to crush the strikes. Socialist and anarchist leaders were exiled as result of the strikes, and the oligarchic power holders refused to give in to demands for greater representation.
1917, Oct. 26
Brazil declared war on Germany. Relations had been severed on April 11 after the sinking of Brazilian ships. During the war Brazilian warships cooperated with the Allies, and Brazil furnished large stocks of food and raw materials.
1918
Rodrigues Alves, president. He died (1919) before assuming office.
1919–22
Epitácio Pessôa succeeded Alves as president. He was the only civilian from Brazil's declining northeast to serve as president during the First Republic.
1920, Jan. 10
Brazil joined the League of Nations as an original member.
1922
The Brazilian Communist Party (PCB) was founded.
1922–26
Artur da Silva Bernardes, president. During this time political and economic power was beginning to shift to the new industrialists of São Paulo and their allies. These emerging leaders began to form economic associations to promote their interests.
1922–24
Young nationalist military officers, known as tenentes since many held the rank of lieutenant, revolted on several occasions against the government, calling for social reform and a stronger central state. These movements were all defeated, but left an important legacy for reformist movements in the 1930s.
Panama
1921
A boundary dispute with Costa Rica, inherited from the period of Colombian sovereignty, threatened to provoke war when Panamanian troops occupied disputed territory and armed clashes ensued (Feb.–March). The U.S. government induced Panama to evacuate the area involved, which was then occupied by Costa Rica (Aug.)
1921, April 20
By the THOMSON-URRUTIA TREATY (See 1921, April 20), Colombia recognized the independence of Panama. The boundaries, hitherto disputed, were adjusted, diplomatic relations established, and various accords signed (1924–25).
Guatemala
1920, April 8
MANUEL ESTRADA CABRERA, president since 1898, was deposed by the assembly because of his opposition to the scheme of Central American federation.
1920–21
Carlos Herrera, president. He was overthrown by a revolution (Dec. 5, 1921) led by Gen. José Orellana, who rejected the Central American federation scheme.
1922–26
Orellana, president.
El Salvador
1914
Alfonso Quiñones Molina became president. He represented the Meléndez-Quiñones family, which would control the presidency through several members until 1927, ruling under a state of siege after 1917.
1922
Several thousand women marching in San Salvador on behalf of opposition politicians were attacked and many killed by soldiers.
1923
Signing of a loan agreement between U.S. banks and El Salvador. The agreement, which gave the U.S. control of customs in the event of default on loans, accelerated the emergence of the U.S. as the dominant investor in El Salvador.
Nicaragua
1912
Liberal revolts against the conservative regime of Adolfo Díaz were on the point of victory when U.S. troops were sent to Nicaragua to help put them down. After the entry of American Marines, the U.S. would essentially rule the country until 1925 through a series of puppet dictators.
1914, Aug. 5
Conclusion of the Bryan-Chamorro treaty with the United States by U.S. puppet Adolfo Díaz, giving the U.S. the right to construct a canal across Nicaragua and lease sites for naval bases. The treaty signified a concession for continued U.S. support of the Conservative regime. Costa Rica and El Salvador at once protested against what they claimed was an infringement of their sovereignty.
1916, April 13
The treaty was ratified by the U.S., with the inclusion of a declaration that its provisions were not intended to affect the rights of other states.
1916–21
EMILIANO CHAMORRO (1871–1966), president.
1917, March 2
El Salvador submitted the question of the Bryan-Chamorro treaty to the Central American Court of Justice, which declared the treaty to be a violation of the treaties of 1907. Nicaragua and the U.S. refused to abide by the ruling, and in the process helped to undermine the authority of the court.
1917–24
An American financial commission, in collaboration with the collector-general of customs, stabilized Nicaraguan finances, increasing U.S. control of the economy.
1921–23
Diego Chamorro, president.
1923–25
Martínez Bartolo, president.
Costa Rica
1917, Jan. 27
President Alfredo González Flores was overthrown by a military coup led by Federico Tinoco. The U.S. refused recognition to the new regime.
1919, May 6
Tinoco was deposed by the Flores party. U.S. Marines were landed (June 4) to protect American interests.
1919, Dec. 9
Election of Julio Acosta as president; the U.S. government granted recognition (1920).
1921
Conflict with Panama over the boundary.
Honduras
1916, March
Francisco Bertrand became president following a successful revolution.
1919, Aug
Insurrection of Rafael López Gutiérrez, a Liberal. President Bertrand was obliged to flee, and U.S. Marines were landed (Sept 11). Through American mediation a civil war was avoided.
1920–23
Gutiérrez became president. The elections of 1923 proved to be indecisive, however.
Cuba
1917, April 7
Cuba declared war on Germany. The war period was one of great prosperity for the sugar industry, large quantities being shipped to the U.S. But after the war the market collapsed, with serious results for Cuba.
1920, March 8
Cuba joined the League of Nations.
1920, Nov. 1
Dr. Alfredo Zayas, candidate of the coalition National League, elected, but his opponent, José Gómez (Liberal), launched accusations of fraud. To prevent conflict the U.S. government sent Gen. Enoch Crowder, who arranged for new elections (March 15, 1921), which resulted in another victory for Zayas.
1921–25
Alfredo Zayas, president. Crowder was recalled (1923). Crowder's meddling in Cuban politics, however, combined with rampant government corruption and a collapse in Cuba's monocultural sugar economy, helped to revive Cuban nationalism. Under Zayas the Cuban government gradually adopted a policy of opposition to U.S. interference.
Virgin Islands
1916, Aug. 4
AMERICAN-DANISH TREATY, by which Denmark agreed to cede the Danish West Indies (about 100 islands with a total area of 132 square miles) to the United States for $25 million. The treaty was ratified on Jan. 17, 1917, and formal possession was taken on March 31 of the same year. Danish laws were allowed to remain in effect.
The population (c. 26,000 in 1917) suffered much from economic distress. The sugar industry of St. Croix had been in a process of concentration and many small sugar mills had been abandoned. Ultimately all grinding was done in three large “centrals.” Many laborers were thereby thrown out of employment. The loss of free port status, which had existed under Danish rule, reduced the trade of the islands, especially of St. Thomas. The American Prohibition law (1919) further destroyed the market for sugar products, though bay rum continued to be manufactured. The main achievement of the U.S. administration was the development of education.
The Dominican Republic
1914, June 26
Fearing for the safety of U.S.-owned sugar estates, the U.S. government intervened in Dominican struggles to restore order.
1916, May
Further outbreaks resulted in further intervention.
1916, Nov. 29
U.S. marines invaded and occupied the country. Immediately the American occupying force took over banks and customs houses and broke up small-scale peasant holdings to protect and expand U.S.-owned enterprises. U.S. administrators devastated traditional landholders by imposing modern landownership regulations in the country. This generated opposition in the republic as well as in the U.S., and made the Americans anxious for an early withdrawal of the occupying force.
1922, June 30
Agreement between the Dominican government and the United States. Because of mounting opposition in the U.S. and an aggressive guerrilla campaign against American forces, the withdrawal of American troops was set for an early date. American rule ended on Oct. 21, and the last marines were withdrawn on Sept. 18, 1924. A provisional government was set up.
Haiti
1914, Dec. 17
Fearing German designs on Haiti, and wanting to protect American commercial interests there, U.S. Marines landed at Port-au-Prince and seized $500,000 in gold coin from the National Bank. These actions marked the beginning of a 20-year period during which American troops would occupy Haiti (permanent occupation began in July 1915). The country had been in a state of constant unrest for several years, following upon a century of economic and environmental decline due in part to the inefficiency of Haiti's peasant-based agriculture. Unrest was intensified by the tensions between Haiti's small (10 percent) mulatto population, which held most of the power and wealth, and the large black population, which lived in extreme poverty. During the occupation the U.S. controlled Haitian customs and the police.
1915–22
Philippe Dartiguenave, president.
1915, Sept. 16
Due to a fear that Haitian instability would make the nation an easy target for outside powers, the U.S. Marines occupied Haiti (to stay there until 1934). The U.S. also took over the financial administration of the country and the customs houses in order to ensure timely payment of the Haitian foreign debt. Over the next three decades the U.S. would come to control most aspects of Haitian political life, from the organization of the military to the choice of political leaders.
1918, June 19
A new constitution was introduced.
1918, July 12
Haiti declared war on Germany.
1918–19
A revolt against the U.S. occupation led by Charlemagne Perlate caused much trouble but was eventually suppressed.
1920, June 30
Haiti joined the League of Nations.
1922–30
Luis Borno, president.
Puerto Rico
1915
Santiago Iglesias founded the Puerto Rican Socialist Party (PS). As part of a growing militant labor movement, based in both the urban and the rural sectors, Iglesias led strikes, helped found labor unions, and struggled against the invasion of U.S. goods and capital.
1917, March 2
The JONES ACT, making Puerto Rico a territory and granting U.S. citizenship to its inhabitants. Voting was made compulsory. Proportional representation was established by means of a “limited vote” for certain senators and representatives. It was further provided that U.S. internal revenue collections on the island should be paid into the Puerto Rican treasury. (Subsequently permission was accorded the island to collect U.S. income tax for the benefit of the local treasury.) With such assistance, the budget of the insular government increased from about $2 million in 1901 to $11 million in 1924. More than half of these funds were derived from what would normally be federal taxation. At the same time, however, the island continued to be run by appointed governors from the mainland United States with little experience or knowledge of Puerto Rico.
1917, May
The U.S. having declared war on Germany, the selective draft was extended to Puerto Rico by request of the insular government. Some 18,000 men were inducted into service.
Ok then, I guess I'll step up. Here is everything major I could find besides Mexico:
Argentina
1916–22
HIPÓLITO YRIGOYEN, leader of the Argentine Radicals, was elected president after an electoral reform (1912) granted the secret ballot and suffrage to all males over 18 years of age. Yrigoyen introduced modest social reforms (factory acts, regulation of hours, pensions, etc.), but eventually gave up efforts to win over the labor movement and turned to repression to control workers. Large landowners retained their dominance, and the patronage and corruption of earlier regimes persisted. Yrigoyen refused to give up neutrality during the First World War, although diplomatic relations with Germany were strained after the sinking of Argentine ships by German submarines (1917). Argentine supplied huge quantities of wheat and meat to the Allies.
1918
Entrance of middle-class immigrants' children into universities fueled La Reforma, a movement for student participation in university governance and curricular reform. It began with student strikes in Córdoba and soon spread to campuses in Buenos Aires and La Plata. Yrigoyen supported the movement, which also inspired student political activity elsewhere in Latin America.
1919, Jan
SEMANA TRÁGICA (the Tragic Week). Police and the army opened fire first on striking workers and then on the funeral for those killed in the massacre. Perhaps thousands were killed in the worker riots that followed. In the aftermath, the “Patriotic League,” an anti-Communist, anti-Semitic nativist organization, aided in the identification and persecution of surviving strikers and supporters.
1920
Argentina became an original member of the League of Nations, but withdrew from the assembly in 1921 on rejection of an Argentine resolution that all sovereign states be admitted to the League.
1922–28
MARCELO ALVEAR, Radical candidate, elected president. His attempts at fiscal austerity caused a split in the Radical Party (1924). His presidency also witnessed a growing wave of conflicts between the federal government in Buenos Aires and anti-Radical governments in the provinces.
Chile
1919, Aug
Increasingly militant organized labor staged a demonstration of 100,000 people in Santiago, protesting inflation, declining wages, and government repression.
1920, Jan. 10
Chile became a member of the League of Nations.
1920–21
Chile suffered severely from the general world slump and the cessation of the demand for nitrate. The lower classes demanded a more democratic regime and extensive social legislation.
1920–24
ARTURO ALESSANDRI (1869–1950) elected president after a disputed election. Candidate of the Liberal Alliance Party, he advocated wide political and social reforms. His election represented a victory for the middle classes, supported by labor elements. But during his term, Alessandri, impeded by the elite-dominated parliamentary system, was unable to make much progress. At the same time many military officers, seeing the ineffectiveness of repression, began to pressure the government for social reforms. They did gain child labor laws, recognition for unions, and increases in army salaries. When in 1924 the government began to return to more traditional ways, the military forced Alessandri from office.
Paraguay
1916–19
Manuel Franco, president.
1919–20
On Franco’s death, José Montero, the vice president, succeeded.
1920–21
Manuel Gondra, president. He was forced to resign by a revolutionary group.
1924–28
After the short presidencies of Eusebio Ayala (1921–23), Eligio Ayala (1923–24), and Luis Riart (1924), Eligio Ayala was elected president. Representing the Liberal groups, he inaugurated a policy of social legislation.
Uruguay
1915–19
Feliciano Viera administration.
1919–23
During the administration of Baltasar Brum, as in those of his three predecessors and his successors, many social and administrative reforms were initiated and the internal development of the country was rapid. Immigration and urbanization continued throughout the period.
1917
On the entry of the U.S. into the First World War, Uruguay expressed solidarity and later severed relations with Germany.
1919, March 1
A new constitution curtailed the powers of the president, created the National Council of Administration (nine members elected by popular vote and endowed with important functions), and disestablished the Roman Catholic Church. The council was designed to assuage Blanco opposition to continued Colorado rule and prevent them from seeking nonelectoral means of gaining power.
1920
Uruguay joined the League of Nations.
1923–27
José Serrato, president.
Bolivia
1913–17
Ismael Montes president, for his second term in office.
1917, April 13
Bolivia severed relations with Germany but did not declare war.
1917–20
José Gutiérrez Guerra, president.
1920, Jan. 10
Bolivia became an original member of the League of Nations.
1920, March 16
In the Tacna-Arica dispute, Bolivia took the stand that neither Chile nor Peru was entitled to the provinces. The Bolivian government appealed to the League of Nations (Nov. 1) for access to the Pacific, but the effort failed.
1920, July 11
A coup d'état led to the overthrow of Gutiérrez Guerra.
1921–25
Juan Bautista Saavedra became president. By this time Bolivia was producing one quarter of the world's tin supply. The largest tin mining concerns were owned by three Bolivian families: the Hochschilds, Patiños, and Aramayos, known collectively as La Rosca. This period was marked by massive development of the tin industry, some public improvements, and flotation of large loans in the U.S. By the mid-1920s, Bolivia (having had no foreign debt in 1908) owed $40 million to foreign creditors. Americans controlled Bolivia's mining and customs bureaus and had claims on more than half of the government's revenue. Civil unrest grew as miners created a large anarcho-syndicalist union movement, which was only fueled by army massacres of striking workers in 1918, 1919, and 1923.
Peru
1914, Feb. 4
A military revolt led to the overthrow of President Guillermo Billinghurst.
1914–15
Col. Oscar Benavides served as provisional president.
1915–19
José Pardo, president.
1917, Oct. 5
Peru severed relations with Germany, after attacks on Peruvian ships
1919, Jan
Workers led a three-day general strike, winning an eight-hour-day law for Peru's urban workers.
1919, July 4
A coup d'état led to the resignation and imprisonment of President Pardo.
1919, Dec. 27
A new constitution (went into effect Jan. 18, 1920) introduced compulsory primary education, compulsory labor arbitration, income tax, etc.
1920, Jan. 10
Peru joined the League of Nations at the very outset.
1921–29
The long, drawn-out dispute with Chile over Tacna and Arica, when finally settled, assigned Tacna to Peru.
Ecuador
1916–20
Alfredo Baquerizo Moreno, president.
1917, Dec. 7
Ecuador severed relations with Germany because of the submarine campaign, but did not follow most other Latin American states in joining the League of Nations at the conclusion of the war. During the war and the immediate postwar period much progress was made in education, social legislation, and above all sanitation (work of the American Col. William Gorgas at Guayaquil, long a center of bubonic plague).
1920–24
José Luis Tamayo, president.
Colombia
1914–18
José V. Concha, president. He represented the conservative groups (whose rule became known as the Regeneración) that had been in power since 1884 and continued to rule the country until 1930. Even the conservative administrations of Colombia were obliged to initiate a measure of social legislation to meet growing pressure from the lower classes. Colombia remained neutral during the First World War, but joined the League of Nations (Feb. 16, 1920).
1918–21
Marco Fidel Suárez, president.
1919, Aug. 15
Signature of a contract with the Tropical Oil Company for exploitation of the Colombian oil fields, one of the most important sources of national wealth.
1921, April 20
The U.S. Senate finally ratified the Thomson-Urrutia Treaty (concluded 1914) with certain modifications, thus ending the long dispute with regard to Panama. The Colombian Congress ratified it on Dec. 22.
1922–26
Pedro Nel Ospina, president.
1922, March 24
An award by the Swiss federal council ended a long-standing boundary dispute with Venezuela in favor of Colombia. A boundary treaty with Peru settled the frontier on that side.
Venezuela
Can't get much...
1920, March 3
Venezuela maintained neutrality during the First World War, but joined the League of Nations.
Brazil
1914–18
Wenceslau Braz Pereira Gomes, president. The temporary unavailability of manufactured imports during World War I expanded the demand for domestic industrial goods, mainly produced in São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro. Large textile factories, mainly employing women and children, opened in both cities, coexisting alongside smaller plants and workshops. The war also spurred a shift from Britain to the U.S. as the major source of Brazilian imports and financing.
1915, May 25
Agreement with Argentina and Chile (ABC treaty) providing for arbitration of disputes.
1917, 1919
Faced with rising prices for basic goods, Brazilian workers, including women textile operatives, declared general strikes in the major industrial centers. The agro-export oligarchies, which also had interests in Brazil's burgeoning manufacturing industries, generally refused to recognize the unions and called upon the military to crush the strikes. Socialist and anarchist leaders were exiled as result of the strikes, and the oligarchic power holders refused to give in to demands for greater representation.
1917, Oct. 26
Brazil declared war on Germany. Relations had been severed on April 11 after the sinking of Brazilian ships. During the war Brazilian warships cooperated with the Allies, and Brazil furnished large stocks of food and raw materials.
1918
Rodrigues Alves, president. He died (1919) before assuming office.
1919–22
Epitácio Pessôa succeeded Alves as president. He was the only civilian from Brazil's declining northeast to serve as president during the First Republic.
1920, Jan. 10
Brazil joined the League of Nations as an original member.
1922
The Brazilian Communist Party (PCB) was founded.
1922–26
Artur da Silva Bernardes, president. During this time political and economic power was beginning to shift to the new industrialists of São Paulo and their allies. These emerging leaders began to form economic associations to promote their interests.
1922–24
Young nationalist military officers, known as tenentes since many held the rank of lieutenant, revolted on several occasions against the government, calling for social reform and a stronger central state. These movements were all defeated, but left an important legacy for reformist movements in the 1930s.
Panama
1921
A boundary dispute with Costa Rica, inherited from the period of Colombian sovereignty, threatened to provoke war when Panamanian troops occupied disputed territory and armed clashes ensued (Feb.–March). The U.S. government induced Panama to evacuate the area involved, which was then occupied by Costa Rica (Aug.)
1921, April 20
By the THOMSON-URRUTIA TREATY (See 1921, April 20), Colombia recognized the independence of Panama. The boundaries, hitherto disputed, were adjusted, diplomatic relations established, and various accords signed (1924–25).
Guatemala
1920, April 8
MANUEL ESTRADA CABRERA, president since 1898, was deposed by the assembly because of his opposition to the scheme of Central American federation.
1920–21
Carlos Herrera, president. He was overthrown by a revolution (Dec. 5, 1921) led by Gen. José Orellana, who rejected the Central American federation scheme.
1922–26
Orellana, president.
El Salvador
1914
Alfonso Quiñones Molina became president. He represented the Meléndez-Quiñones family, which would control the presidency through several members until 1927, ruling under a state of siege after 1917.
1922
Several thousand women marching in San Salvador on behalf of opposition politicians were attacked and many killed by soldiers.
1923
Signing of a loan agreement between U.S. banks and El Salvador. The agreement, which gave the U.S. control of customs in the event of default on loans, accelerated the emergence of the U.S. as the dominant investor in El Salvador.
Nicaragua
1912
Liberal revolts against the conservative regime of Adolfo Díaz were on the point of victory when U.S. troops were sent to Nicaragua to help put them down. After the entry of American Marines, the U.S. would essentially rule the country until 1925 through a series of puppet dictators.
1914, Aug. 5
Conclusion of the Bryan-Chamorro treaty with the United States by U.S. puppet Adolfo Díaz, giving the U.S. the right to construct a canal across Nicaragua and lease sites for naval bases. The treaty signified a concession for continued U.S. support of the Conservative regime. Costa Rica and El Salvador at once protested against what they claimed was an infringement of their sovereignty.
1916, April 13
The treaty was ratified by the U.S., with the inclusion of a declaration that its provisions were not intended to affect the rights of other states.
1916–21
EMILIANO CHAMORRO (1871–1966), president.
1917, March 2
El Salvador submitted the question of the Bryan-Chamorro treaty to the Central American Court of Justice, which declared the treaty to be a violation of the treaties of 1907. Nicaragua and the U.S. refused to abide by the ruling, and in the process helped to undermine the authority of the court.
1917–24
An American financial commission, in collaboration with the collector-general of customs, stabilized Nicaraguan finances, increasing U.S. control of the economy.
1921–23
Diego Chamorro, president.
1923–25
Martínez Bartolo, president.
Costa Rica
1917, Jan. 27
President Alfredo González Flores was overthrown by a military coup led by Federico Tinoco. The U.S. refused recognition to the new regime.
1919, May 6
Tinoco was deposed by the Flores party. U.S. Marines were landed (June 4) to protect American interests.
1919, Dec. 9
Election of Julio Acosta as president; the U.S. government granted recognition (1920).
1921
Conflict with Panama over the boundary.
Honduras
1916, March
Francisco Bertrand became president following a successful revolution.
1919, Aug
Insurrection of Rafael López Gutiérrez, a Liberal. President Bertrand was obliged to flee, and U.S. Marines were landed (Sept 11). Through American mediation a civil war was avoided.
1920–23
Gutiérrez became president. The elections of 1923 proved to be indecisive, however.
Cuba
1917, April 7
Cuba declared war on Germany. The war period was one of great prosperity for the sugar industry, large quantities being shipped to the U.S. But after the war the market collapsed, with serious results for Cuba.
1920, March 8
Cuba joined the League of Nations.
1920, Nov. 1
Dr. Alfredo Zayas, candidate of the coalition National League, elected, but his opponent, José Gómez (Liberal), launched accusations of fraud. To prevent conflict the U.S. government sent Gen. Enoch Crowder, who arranged for new elections (March 15, 1921), which resulted in another victory for Zayas.
1921–25
Alfredo Zayas, president. Crowder was recalled (1923). Crowder's meddling in Cuban politics, however, combined with rampant government corruption and a collapse in Cuba's monocultural sugar economy, helped to revive Cuban nationalism. Under Zayas the Cuban government gradually adopted a policy of opposition to U.S. interference.
Virgin Islands
1916, Aug. 4
AMERICAN-DANISH TREATY, by which Denmark agreed to cede the Danish West Indies (about 100 islands with a total area of 132 square miles) to the United States for $25 million. The treaty was ratified on Jan. 17, 1917, and formal possession was taken on March 31 of the same year. Danish laws were allowed to remain in effect.
The population (c. 26,000 in 1917) suffered much from economic distress. The sugar industry of St. Croix had been in a process of concentration and many small sugar mills had been abandoned. Ultimately all grinding was done in three large “centrals.” Many laborers were thereby thrown out of employment. The loss of free port status, which had existed under Danish rule, reduced the trade of the islands, especially of St. Thomas. The American Prohibition law (1919) further destroyed the market for sugar products, though bay rum continued to be manufactured. The main achievement of the U.S. administration was the development of education.
The Dominican Republic
1914, June 26
Fearing for the safety of U.S.-owned sugar estates, the U.S. government intervened in Dominican struggles to restore order.
1916, May
Further outbreaks resulted in further intervention.
1916, Nov. 29
U.S. marines invaded and occupied the country. Immediately the American occupying force took over banks and customs houses and broke up small-scale peasant holdings to protect and expand U.S.-owned enterprises. U.S. administrators devastated traditional landholders by imposing modern landownership regulations in the country. This generated opposition in the republic as well as in the U.S., and made the Americans anxious for an early withdrawal of the occupying force.
1922, June 30
Agreement between the Dominican government and the United States. Because of mounting opposition in the U.S. and an aggressive guerrilla campaign against American forces, the withdrawal of American troops was set for an early date. American rule ended on Oct. 21, and the last marines were withdrawn on Sept. 18, 1924. A provisional government was set up.
Haiti
1914, Dec. 17
Fearing German designs on Haiti, and wanting to protect American commercial interests there, U.S. Marines landed at Port-au-Prince and seized $500,000 in gold coin from the National Bank. These actions marked the beginning of a 20-year period during which American troops would occupy Haiti (permanent occupation began in July 1915). The country had been in a state of constant unrest for several years, following upon a century of economic and environmental decline due in part to the inefficiency of Haiti's peasant-based agriculture. Unrest was intensified by the tensions between Haiti's small (10 percent) mulatto population, which held most of the power and wealth, and the large black population, which lived in extreme poverty. During the occupation the U.S. controlled Haitian customs and the police.
1915–22
Philippe Dartiguenave, president.
1915, Sept. 16
Due to a fear that Haitian instability would make the nation an easy target for outside powers, the U.S. Marines occupied Haiti (to stay there until 1934). The U.S. also took over the financial administration of the country and the customs houses in order to ensure timely payment of the Haitian foreign debt. Over the next three decades the U.S. would come to control most aspects of Haitian political life, from the organization of the military to the choice of political leaders.
1918, June 19
A new constitution was introduced.
1918, July 12
Haiti declared war on Germany.
1918–19
A revolt against the U.S. occupation led by Charlemagne Perlate caused much trouble but was eventually suppressed.
1920, June 30
Haiti joined the League of Nations.
1922–30
Luis Borno, president.
Puerto Rico
1915
Santiago Iglesias founded the Puerto Rican Socialist Party (PS). As part of a growing militant labor movement, based in both the urban and the rural sectors, Iglesias led strikes, helped found labor unions, and struggled against the invasion of U.S. goods and capital.
1917, March 2
The JONES ACT, making Puerto Rico a territory and granting U.S. citizenship to its inhabitants. Voting was made compulsory. Proportional representation was established by means of a “limited vote” for certain senators and representatives. It was further provided that U.S. internal revenue collections on the island should be paid into the Puerto Rican treasury. (Subsequently permission was accorded the island to collect U.S. income tax for the benefit of the local treasury.) With such assistance, the budget of the insular government increased from about $2 million in 1901 to $11 million in 1924. More than half of these funds were derived from what would normally be federal taxation. At the same time, however, the island continued to be run by appointed governors from the mainland United States with little experience or knowledge of Puerto Rico.
1917, May
The U.S. having declared war on Germany, the selective draft was extended to Puerto Rico by request of the insular government. Some 18,000 men were inducted into service.
Whilst researching Bolivian leaders, I came across the carefully named Major Hans Kundt, head of the German military mission to Bolivia before 1914. At the outbreak of war he went back to Germany to take command on the Eastern Front and reached the rank of Major-General by 1918. In 1921 he went back to Bolivia to become the country's Chief of Staff.
Ought we have some event(s) centered around this obscure Bolivianaphilic German officer?
Ought we have some event(s) centered around this obscure Bolivianaphilic German officer?
Why not. Have him available as a 'general' available to the Bolivians (Named Major Kundt) then on the appropriate date, remove him from the list. Then in 1921, assuming Germany is not at war have him come back as a minister and as a general...with an appropriate skill, say level 1 or 2, with a small amount of experience
[stupid typos].
[stupid typos].
Last edited:
Kundt leaded the bolivian army during the Chaco War against Paraguay...and get smashed repeated times by a numerically inferior army, commanded by some russian officers.
Ironies of the history, i guess...
Ironies of the history, i guess...
South American events - nothing to exciting, mind you.
Code:
#######################
# German military mission goes home
#######################
event = {
country = BOL
id = 6100
random = no
style = 0
name = "German military mission goes home"
desc = "With the outbreak of war in Europe, the German government has recalled its military mission from Bolivia."
trigger = { war = { country = RUS country = GER }
}
date = { day = 0 month = january year = 1914 }
deathdate = { day = 0 month = january year = 1924 }
action_a = {
name = "Goodbye!"
command = { type = sleepleader which = 6105 }
}
}
#######################
# German military mission returns
#######################
event = {
country = BOL
id = 6101
random = no
style = 0
name = "With the war finished, the German government has kindly despatched a military mission to Bolivia."
desc = "desc"
trigger = { NOT { atwar = GER }
}
}
date = { day = 0 month = january year = 1922 }
deathdate = { day = 0 month = january year = 1924 }
action_a = {
name = "Hello!"
command = { type = chiefofstaff which = 6053 }
}
}
#######################
# 1914 Brazilian Elections
#######################
event = {
country = BRA
id = 7100
random = no
style = 0
name = "1914 Brazilian Elections"
desc = "Presidential elections in Brazil have come again."
date = { day = 15 month = november year = 1914 }
deathdate = { day = 0 month = january year = 1924 }
action_a = {
name = "Elect Venceslau Bráz"
command = { type = dissent value = -2 }
command = { type = headofstate which = 7031 }
command = { type = headofgovernment which = 7036 }
command = { type = foreignminister which = 7003 }
command = { type = armamentminister which = 7044 }
command = { type = ministerofsecurity which = 7049 }
}
action_b = {
name = "Elect Rodrigues Alves"
command = { type = dissent value = -2 }
command = { type = headofstate which = 7032 }
command = { type = headofgovernment which = 7037 }
command = { type = foreignminister which = 7041 }
command = { type = armamentminister which = 7051 }
command = { type = ministerofsecurity which = 7050 }
}
action_c = {
name = "No change"
command = { }
}
}
#######################
# 1918 Brazilian Elections
#######################
event = {
country = BRA
id = 7101
random = no
style = 0
name = "1918 Brazilian Elections"
desc = "Presidential elections in Brazil have come again."
date = { day = 15 month = november year = 1918 }
deathdate = { day = 0 month = january year = 1924 }
action_a = {
name = "Elect Rodrigues Alves"
command = { type = dissent value = -2 }
command = { type = headofstate which = 7032 }
command = { type = headofgovernment which = 7037 }
command = { type = foreignminister which = 7041 }
command = { type = armamentminister which = 7051 }
command = { type = ministerofsecurity which = 7050 }
}
action_b = {
name = "Elect Venceslau Bráz"
command = { type = dissent value = -2 }
command = { type = headofstate which = 7031 }
command = { type = headofgovernment which = 7036 }
command = { type = foreignminister which = 7003 }
command = { type = armamentminister which = 7044 }
command = { type = ministerofsecurity which = 7049 }
}
action_c = {
name = "No change"
command = { }
}
}
#######################
# 1919 Brazilian Elections
#######################
event = {
country = BRA
id = 7102
random = no
style = 0
name = "1919 Brazilian Elections"
desc = "Presidential elections in Brazil have come again."
date = { day = 15 month = november year = 1919 }
deathdate = { day = 0 month = january year = 1924 }
action_a = {
name = "Elect Epitâcio Pessoa"
command = { type = dissent value = -2 }
command = { type = headofstate which = 7034 }
command = { type = headofgovernment which = 7038 }
command = { type = foreignminister which = 7042 }
command = { type = armamentminister which = 7052 }
command = { type = ministerofsecurity which = 7057 }
}
action_b = {
name = "Elect Rodrigues Alves"
command = { type = dissent value = -2 }
command = { type = headofstate which = 7032 }
command = { type = headofgovernment which = 7037 }
command = { type = foreignminister which = 7041 }
command = { type = armamentminister which = 7051 }
command = { type = ministerofsecurity which = 7050 }
}
action_c = {
name = "No change"
command = { }
}
}
#######################
# 1922 Brazilian Elections
#######################
event = {
country = BRA
id = 7103
random = no
style = 0
name = "1922 Brazilian Elections"
desc = "Presidential elections in Brazil have come again."
date = { day = 15 month = november year = 1922 }
deathdate = { day = 0 month = january year = 1924 }
action_a = {
name = "Elect Arthur Bernardes"
command = { type = dissent value = -2 }
command = { type = headofstate which = 7035 }
command = { type = headofgovernment which = 7039 }
command = { type = foreignminister which = 7043 }
command = { type = armamentminister which = 7060 }
command = { type = ministerofsecurity which = 7059 }
}
action_b = {
name = "Elect Epitâcio Pessoa"
command = { type = dissent value = -2 }
command = { type = headofstate which = 7034 }
command = { type = headofgovernment which = 7038 }
command = { type = foreignminister which = 7042 }
command = { type = armamentminister which = 7053 }
command = { type = ministerofsecurity which = 7058 }
}
action_c = {
name = "No change"
command = { }
}
}
This is my entry in the "best event name" competition
Code:
event = {
id = 2001
random = no
country = ARG
style = 0
name = "The spy, the diplomat's mistress, 200 mules
and some anthrax-laced sugar lumps"
desc = "During 1916, the British Army contracted to buy
a large number of mules from Argentina. However, Germany's
top secret agent in the country, Herr Arnold, heard of this and
managed to infect and kill 200 of the mules with anthrax spores
concealed in sugar lumps. (The anthrax had been smuggled into
the country by the French-born mistress of a German diplomat in
Buenos Aires.) The plan backfired when the British Admiralty's
code-breaking section discovered the plot, and the British
ambassador arranged an audience with the Argentine President
to demonstrate the anthrax-infected sugar lumps to him. This
helped sway Argentina's neutral stance over towards sympathy
with the Allies."
trigger = {
war = { country = ENG country = GER }
NOT = { war = { country = ARG country = GER } }
NOT = { war = { country = ARG country = ENG } }
random = 20
}
date = { day = 1 month = january year = 1916 }
offset = 20
deathdate = { day = 1 month = january year = 1917 }
action_a = {
name = "These dastardly Germans!"
command = { type = alignment which = democratic value = 20 }
command = { type = warentry value = 15 }
}
}