Leaders of the Faith
After giving his Grand Domestic, Alexandros Beliarious an audience in Milan, Italy, Emperor Konstantinos XV moved further eastwards, traveling by ship from the port of Genova to Marseille and then traveling by land to Avignon, home of the Papacy and the current Pope, Clemens XI. A meeting with the Pope was the true reason why Konstantinos XV had traveled from Constantinople to Italy. Relations between the two had been cool at best since the Papal exodus from Rome in the early 16th century, and this had only served to widen the fissure between the two Churches.
On October of 1704 the Emperor had dispatched an envoy to Avignon requesting an audience with Pope Clemens XI on the grounds of officially ending the hostilities between their two Churches. The Pope accepted his offer and the Emperor agreed to meet with him at Avignon. The trip from Constantinople took nearly six months, but the Emperor finally arrived. On April 14th, 1705, the two leaders of Christianity met.
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The sun gleamed off the small but peaceful city of Avignon on the early morning of April 14th, 1705. The inhabitants of the city went about their daily lives without any real concern for the world outside of the modest but sturdy walls that protected the Papal seat of power. Things rarely changed for the people of Avignon.
Since 1309 they had been under the rule of the Papacy, and twice had they been the seats of a succession of Popes, as well as number of Antipopes. Since the Papacy was forced to reestablish itself in the city after the fall of Rome, Avignon had become a popular ‘resort’ for wealthy Catholic nobles from all over Europe.
In spite of this however, the permanent residents of the city changed little in number over time. Unknown to the content people of this relatively quiet city, one of the most powerful Monarchs in Europe was riding through their streets to meet with Pope Clemens XI. He was the Roman Emperor, Konstantinos XV, whose very ancestors drove the Pope from Rome, and were responsible for his stay in their quiet city.
The sounds of hooves beating against the gravel roads filled the streets, as shop owners gazed at the illustrious carriage that was flanked by several horsemen on each side. This one clearly wasn’t just some random Aristocrat coming for a vacation.
“Such a stark contrast from Constantinople this is, do you not agree Your Majesty?” One of Emperor Konstantinos’ retinue questioned him, as he gazed out the window of the carriage. Konstantinos simply nodded his head slightly; as he quietly watched the modest buildings of the city pass them.
The quietness of the city was soothing to him. The noise of Constantinople, with its population of nearly 700,000 could become taxing. Especially considering that the Imperial Palace was located practically at its heart.
As the Emperor continued to stare out the window of his carriage, he could make out the highest points of the Palais des Papes, literally the Palace of the Popes. Despite the opposition of the Imperial Army, the Emperor had chose to go to Avignon, rather than ask the Pope to come to Constantinople.
The military had feared he was placing himself in too much danger going with only a dozen or so horsemen as escorts. However, Konstantinos knew that if he wished to truly win over Clemens XI, he would have to treat him as his equal, and not act as if he wishes to assert dominance over the Catholic Church.
As their carriage rounded the street corner the Palais des Papes clearly came into sight. It was truly a grand sight to behold, and had clearly been well kept by the Pope. As the carriage grew closer, more details could be made out with the naked eye.
The Champeux Gate of the palace filled the view of the Emperor as he approached, its construction still awe inspiring even to one who lived amongst such wonders as the Hagia Sophia and the Imperial Palace. Their carriage slowly turned to ascend the ramp in front of the gate, before turning to enter it.
The Guards at the gate hastily opened it for Clemens’ special guest. Konstantinos couldn’t help but notice the vast difference in size between the actual door, and the wall that surrounds it. The castle was clearly meant to withstand a siege, even if the chance of it being attacked was nearly inconceivable today.
As they entered the Palace, the Emperor could clearly see the Grand Chapel, where the Pope himself supposedly said his prayers and went to be with God. The Palais Vieux, or ‘old palace’ loomed in the distance, mostly uninhabited but still well kept, while the Palais Neuf, where the Pope currently resided was clearly active, as clergymen moved throughout the palace grounds going about their religious duties.
Finally, they arrived at the entrance of the ‘New Palace’, and a member of the Papal Swiss Guard awaited the Emperor as he exited his carriage.
“The Holy Father awaits you inside, Your Majesty.” The guard said with a slight bow of his head. Konstantinos nodded his head slightly, and the guard led him through the entrance of the Palace.
Immediately, he could see Pope Clemens XI waiting for him in the distance. As the Emperor approached, they both remained silent. A long moment of awkward quietness proceeded, as they both struggled to find their first words.
How should I address him? The Emperor asked himself. He did not wish to show disrespect, but he would not undermine himself either. He was the Emperor of the Roman Empire, and head of the Orthodox Church, after all. The Pope was tackling the same questions himself. The silence was unnerving, and both men could sense one another’s uneasiness.
“Welcome to my palace, Konstantinos.” The Pope finally forced himself to say. Konstantinos could almost feel himself breathe a sigh of relief.
“It is my pleasure Clement.” He replied. Another short pause between them followed, before the Pope gestured towards the Dining Hall with his hand.
“I have instructed my cooks to prepare us a fine dinner with which we can discuss important matters over.” The Pope said with a warm smile.
Konstantinos nodded his head slightly, ”My thanks to you, it is most appreciated.” The Emperor said in a cordial tone.
The two men went through the large double doors and into the illustrious dining hall. The walls were lined with colorful stain glass windows, and in the center of the room sat a relatively small table that was quickly being populated by several delicacies that were hastily being brought in from the kitchen by the chefs themselves.
Konstantinos noted that it was probably made specifically for the Pope and his private guests, as it was too small for a banquet, which would have likely been seen as over indulgent. A fireplace crackled and popped as yellow flames danced within it, as the two took their seats at opposite ends of the table.
For the next ten minutes, the two men ate and spoke light heartedly about the day-to-day task of ruling their respective realms. This helped to ease some of the tension that had been in the air when the two men had first met.
As they continued to eat however, the conversation gradually became more serious, as the matter of their two Churches gradually took over the discussion.
“We can not continue to delude ourselves by pretending that the ‘Great Schism’ was a single event.” Konstantinos said as he sipped from his wine. “It was caused by centuries of separation between our two Churches, that started with the fall of the Western Empire.” Konstantinos finished as he gently sat his glass down on the table.
“Perhaps sooner than that. Perhaps it started when the Roman Empire was first split.” Clements stated, as he took a modest bite from a loaf of bread. “The linguistic barrier was fundamental in the collapse of the Unified Church. A Latin speaking west, and a Greek speaking east.” The Pope finished.
Konstantinos ruffled his beard slightly in thought, “It is true that after the fall of the Western Empire, we became isolated from the Western Patriarch in Rome – your predecessor.” The Emperor sipped of his wine once more, “However, I fear I must mention the ‘filioque’…it was, and still is a great center of tension between our two Churches.” He knew he was treading on sensitive ground by bring this up, but it had to be discussed in full, or his trip would be pointless.
“Its formal acceptance into Nicene Creed in the early 11th century was a major contributor to the growing rift between the East and West. And the Schism itself was nowhere near as damaging as the 4th Crusade, and the horrific sack of Constantinople…” The Emperor stated strongly, though doing his best to stay calm.
Clements also remained composed and calmly replied, “The 4th Crusade was indeed a tragedy, but surely its wounds have healed with the destruction of Venice and its Republic, as well…as well as the conquest of Rome.” The Pope finished. He could feel himself becoming angered, but he held his tongue.
“The acceptance of the filioque was…necessary, the Papacies’ independent authority was weak at the start of 11th century, and we were forced to submit to the will of the Emperor, which was to adopt the filioque.” Clements explained.
Konstantinos sighed slightly, realizing they were on the verge of turning their discussion into a hotheaded bicker. “It is true that the wounds of 1204 have been mostly healed, and our pride recovered, however the filioque remains highly controversial to the Patriarch of Constantinople, and…” Konstantinos paused, trying to choose his words carefully, “The subject of the power and influence and power you wield over the other Patriarchs is also one of the primary obstacles to reunification. The Patriarch wishes to hold the position of ‘First among equals’ in the East, while you maintain a similar position in the west.” The Emperor explained in the most respectful way he could.
The Pope shook his head, “Such a position is impossible. For the past centuries, up until the emergence of the Lutherans, the Papacy has held the undisputed position as the Head of the Western Church. First among equals would never be acceptable.” Clements stated calmly. They had almost finished with their meal at this point.
Konstantinos nodded his head slightly, understanding the Pope’s determination to hold on to his position within the Church. “I am not a fool. I do not believe reunification can happen now, or even in the near future.” Konstantinos said, still gently stroking his beard as the Pope quietly listened to the Emperor’s words.
“The scars of the Great Schism still run deep, and it will take time before they are able to truly heal. What I have come here today for, is to extend my hand to you in friendship. For now, that is all that I can do. I’m afraid the Patriarch is, as you are, unwilling to change his position. However, I come here asking for our Churches to end the hostilities that have flared since the 4th crusade. I promise to respect the faith of all of the Catholic citizens within the Empire, and end missionary activity in the regions they inhabit as a sign of that friendship.” Konstantinos concluded.
The Pope sat silent for what seemed like an eternity, in silent thought. Finally Pope Clemens XI nodded his head slightly, and smiled at the Emperor. “Very well. I understand the words that you speak, and see the wisdom within them. Perhaps one day, our two Churches will be one again. Until then however, they will at least be at peace with one another.”
Konstantinos returned his smiled, “That is something I shall happily agree to.” The Emperor stated. The tense mood had finally been broken, as Pope Clemens XI and Emperor Konstantinos XV Palaiologos continued their light-hearted conversations from before. As the day grew late, the Emperor departed from the Palais des Papes in his carriage, knowing that he had accomplished what he had set out to do.
The Catholic subjects of the Empire had always been somewhat resentful about the Papal Exodus from Rome, especially as the Papacy preached against Constantinople from Avignon, further enflaming the situation.
The preaching would finally end however, and hopefully, the Empire would be at peace with its Catholic subjects.
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The Roman Emperor’s meeting with Pope Clemens XI served to ease relations between the Catholic and Eastern Orthodox Churches for the time being, and stabilized the situation within the Catholic regions of the Empire. Though many modern historians claim that the meeting had little affect in the long run, as the Churches have yet to even come close to reuniting, it can be safely said that it indeed served to cool relations between the two branches of Christianity, and allow them to live side by side without hostility.
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Hope you enjoyed that. And you better give me more than one reply this time if you want more.
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