Despot Goszczon I «the Repulsive»
(1245-1272)
Wives:
Sired:
- Demetrios
- Kallistos
- Agathe
- Theodosia
Despot Goszczon I «the Repulsive» was, it turns out from contemporary sources as well as his epithet, not a beautiful man. He was cunning, patient and gifted though, and would lay the foundation for his successors to build a magnificent legacy for the Komnenos dynasty and Byzantine power.
He was the most powerful vassal in the Byzantine Empire by far, controlling all of Hungary, most of Egypt and parts of the Balkans and Anatolia. He did not, however, have a valid claim on the Byzantine throne, his family’s claims to the Basileus title being two generations away from the present.
Thus, after having secured his grip on the power he
did have, he went to Constantinople in 1247 to pay fealty to the reigning Basileus and in all ways he made it clear that he was but a servant to the Basileus. A just man, Goszczon pointed out, the Basileus also had treated the Komnenoi well during his reign and had even given Goszczon’s late mother additional lands before she died. The Basileus was a true sovereign under Christ, and Goszczon would honor him as well as he could.
Two years later, Goszczon again travelled to Constantinople, petitioning the Basileus for parts of the duchy of Delta in Egypt, lands he did not yet control. The Basileus, swayed by the treatment, agreed, even though other vassals thought this a tyrannical move. The Basileus and Goszczon seemed destined to everlasting friendship. To prove this, the Basileus agreed to marry his daughter to Goszczon’s second son Kallistos!
In 1250 Goszczon had secured such a grip on power that he declared himself despot of not only Hungary, but Egypt as well. And then he went on the offensive, warring for the divided lands of the Muslims in the Levant. Impressed by the zeal of his vassal and friend, the Basileus then in 1253 gifted another vassal, the now reduced doux of Delta, to Goszczon.
With Egypt now firmly in his hands, Goszczon made Egypt his primary title, declaring his protection of Hungary was everlasting, but his focus and powerbase was Egypt. Continuing to wage war into Muslim lands, he got himself declared as despot of Syria as well in 1257, before he went to war with the powerful Musais sultanate, the largest Muslim neighboring nation, for control over Palestine. This war was quickly won, and he kept his expansion into the small Muslim beyliks.
A setback happened in 1262, when his second son Kallistos, the one married to the daughter of the Basileus, mysteriously died. Now he had only one son, which made sure his lands would not be divided after his death, but it also made him and his line vulnerable, and many sorrowful poems was written in this time, found only after his death.
Perhaps did this only enlarge his zealousness, though, for the same year Goszczon declared a holy war for the despotate of Arabia, including the Muslim Holy Cities of Mecca and Medina! The war was won in slightly more than one year, but the struggle was only just beginning… Enraged by the Christians despoiling the Holy Cities and the Kaba – or so rumor had it – a huge Bedouin rebellion rose like waves on the sea, overwhelming Goszczon’s forces and forcing the Basileus and the entirety of the Byzantine Empire to join in the fight. The Bedouins numbered tens of thousands, some said hundred of thousands, and for a while the future of Christian rule in Arabia seemed lost, but after almost five years of fighting, the Bedouins had to admit defeat.
The old Basileus died during the rebellion, but his successor were so thankful for Goszczon’s impressive feats, he offered him a position at his court, as his father had given Goszczon before him, as well as another vassal from the bordering regions of Goszczon’s now impressive realm. Goszczon keept cleaning up the smaller Muslim enclaves still present, including kicking the Caliph out of Sinai, who then only had a one province enclave in the Palestinian hinterlands to his name.
Following this, in 1270, Goszczon declared himself despot of Arabia and Jerusalem, having secured his rule in both regions. Only the southernmost tip of Arabia was now in Muslim hands. In 1271, he declared a war for Muslim lands in Mesopotamia, but before this war was over, he died peacefully in his sleep.
Due to the inheritance laws of his lands, and to relief of the Basileus, Goszczon’s despotates were divided between his 43-year-old son Demetrios, and his grandson from Kallistos, the young Andronikos. Andronikos got Arabia and Jerusalem, with the rest of the despotates inherited by Demetrios. Thus, the two most powerful vassals in the Byzantine Empire were of the line of Alexios. Together, they controlled a good half or more of the Empire.