Hello. I like game. But there were difficulties in understanding the europa universalis 4 game. I don't understand how morale is calculated in battles. I visited website, but I still didn't understand the formula. Where to substitute the morale pips of defense and attack.?
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The morale pips are part of the BaseCasualties: https://eu4.paradoxwikis.com/Land_warfare#Base_casualties
I don't understand. Can you explain to me, please, is it the same for ships? Where does the moral stripe come from?
No. They don't use pips and have a different combat formula (see https://eu4.paradoxwikis.com/Naval_warfare#Morale_damage )
The stripe has nothing to do with the pips. The strip is how much morale you have compared to the max of the army/battle (depending on which stripe you are talking about). The pips are just one of the many factors which determine how much morale your troops and the enemy troops lose each day.
If you want to know how the maximum morale is calculated, have a look at https://eu4.paradoxwikis.com/Land_warfare#Morale
The number from your top questionmark is the MaxMorale in the formula. But you have to note that in the case of multiple countries on one side, the battle screen only shows the highest MaxMorale value of all participants while each country actually uses their own MaxMorale when determining morale casualties. These morale casualties are calculated for each regiment and reduce the (current) morale of the regiment. The morale bars(the other questionmarks in your screenshot) show the average (current) morale of the regiments on each side.