• We have updated our Community Code of Conduct. Please read through the new rules for the forum that are an integral part of Paradox Interactive’s User Agreement.
The Reign of Aed, Duke of Ulster - Part II (1085 - 1088)

With Finn safely installed as Count of Tir Connail and the Dowager Countess Margaret Aetheling removed from the scene (hopefully) permanently, Aed settled down to rule his Duchy in peace. There was little to do during the next few years, other than to arrange marriages for the various members of his family and court. Although now a powerful duke, he didn't possess the prestige to persue his wider claims in Ireland just yet. But, he hoped, that would simply be a matter of time.

The first matter of business was his only beloved son Tigernan. Now 19 years old, it was time to give him a taste of being a ruler. He and his ever-growing family (less young Finn, now Count of Tir Connail, of course) were installed in the old family castle in Tir Eoghain, with Tigernan granted the title of Count. He and his wife had a third son, Diartmait, in 1086, and now with three grandsons, Aed felt that at last his family line was secured.

Aed's oldest surviving daughter Una the elder (to distinguish her from her younger sister, Una the younger) turned 16 the year Diartmait was born, and it was high time to find her as suitable husband. Both the Duke of Connacht and the Count of Tuadmumu had suitable sons, but the Duke steadfastly denied Aed's proposals of a marriage alliance. The Count, however, was delighted to send his second son Flaithbertach to Aed's court in Ulster, where the young man and woman were married in that same year. The two made an imposing couple - Flaithbertach was a master of tact and diplomacy and was immediately made the Duchy's chancellor (the old chancellor, the elderly Grianne O'Conghalaigh, gracefully retiring), while his new bride was currently studying under old Steward Aed in preperation for being his eventual successor.

Soon afterwards, the cousins Brian and Ailbe O'Neill, the son of the Marshall and the daughter of the Steward respectively, were also wed, followed the next year by the younger Lady Una and Ailbe's nephew Roolb. Roolb's young brother Niall, now in training with the army under his granduncle the Marshall, was obviously a rising star; proud Marshall Domnall proclaimed him likely to be the equal of the famed generals of old and groomed him to be his successor.

Military matters weighed heavily on the mind of the Duke as well. Despite his grandson becoming Count, Tir Connail still refused to recognize him as overlord. Apparently some of the councellors of the now-departed Dowager Countess remained, and their malicious influence still ruled in the County. Duke Aed repeatedly sent requests, and later demands, that the County return to its traditional vassalage, and each time such requests were denied. By April of 1088, the Duke had had enough. There was nothing left to do but to intervene and remove the evil advisors forcibly from the wayward County. He did this not only to expand his own power, but to ensure his vulnerable grandson and likely eventual heir would be made safe. On April 25, 1088, the Duchy of Ulster called its men to arms and declared war on the wayward County of Tir Connail...
 
Family Trees of the O'Neill Family as of 25 April 1088.

O'Neill Family, main branch

Aed (1031 - ) Count of Tir Eoghain (? - 1080), Duke of Ulster (1080- ) m. Ingerid O'Donnaghile (1048 - )
-Tigernan (1066 - ) Count of Tir Eoghain (1085 - ) m. Ingeborg of Tir Connail (1067 - )
--Finn (1083 - ), Count of Tir Connail (1085 - )
--Roolb (1085 - )
--Diartmait (1086 - )
-Slaine (1067 - 1072)
-Una (1070 - ) m. Flaithbertach of Tuadmumu (1067 - ) Chancellor of Ulster
--Seoan (1087 - )
-Una (1071 - ) m. Roolb O'Neill (1071 - )
-Dub Essa (1074 - )


O'Neill Family, cadet branch

Niall (1004 - 1061)
-Domnall (1030 - ) Marshall of Tir Eoghain and Ulster m. (1) Guaidh MacCaulay (1049 - 1069); m (2) Tailltiu O'Donnaghaille (1049 -)
--(by 1) Brian (1068 - ) m. Ailbe O'Neill (1068 - ) (appears below)
---Ailbe (1086 - )
---Mael Morda (1087 - )
--(by 2) Aibinn (1082 - )
-Aed (1036 - ) Steward of Tir Eoghain and Ulster m. (1) unknown lady; m. (2) Siobhan Ua Flaithbhertach (1049 - 1069); m (3) Aibinn O'Braonnain (1037 - ) Spymaster of Tir Eoghain and Ulster
--(by 1) Donnal (1050 - ) m. Cristina O'Cathasaigh (1050 - )
---Roolb (1071 - ) m. Una O'Neill, d. of Duke Aed
---Niall (1074 - )
---Derbail (1075 - )
-- (by 2) Ailbe (1068 - ) m. Brian O'Neill (see above)
-- (by 3) Roolb (1072 - )
 
Wow! You O'Neills are tough. Waging war on your own infant grandson! Couldn't you just wait until he inherits the duchy itself? Though I guess a lot could happen before then. Still, ouch.

A very entertaining, cuthroat AAR, keep it up!
 
The Reign of Aed, Duke of Ulster - Part III (1088 - 1097)

Yet again, the meager forces of Tir Connail didn't have a chance. By July the forces of the county were scattered to the four winds, and the castle was under seige. It would obviously take some time to reduce it however, as Aed had few men. But this time there was enough money to pay them and no wicked Countess to bribe her way out of the situation. It took nearly a year, to July 9, 1089, but eventually the castle fell, and Aed was reunited with his grandson...

Having conquered Tir Connail, Aed debated what to do with it. He would have liked to have kept Finn on as Count, but it was obvious that he was far too young for the task. The ideal solution was obvious - move Tigernan from Tir Eoghain to Tir Connail. Tigernan agreed readily to the former, but, in a final fit of adolecent picque, he at first refused to return Tir Eoghain to his father's control. Eventually, however, in August, Tigernan reluctantly agreed, and Tir Eoghain returned to Aed's direct control.

Plague swept through Ulster that year. From August to November, many sickened and died from the foul disease, including three children of the court. A return the following year took the life of Una's and Flaithbertach's son Seoan and so weakened the Marshall that he retired in favor of his genius grandnephew Niall (in July 1090 on the occasion of Niall's marriage to the Duke's youngest daughter Dub Essa), whom many were already calling a brilliant strategist for his campaign plan for the invasion of Tir Connail when aged only 14. The Steward, also in frail health, held on to his office until May 1091, when he retired in favor of the elder Lady Una. All in all, among the many who succombed to the disease were three of Aed's grandchildren, and the common folk began to speak of a curse on the Duke for waging war against his own kin.

Although the loss of his grandchildren was tragic, soon many more children born to members of the court took their place. Both Ladies Una and Lady Dub Essa bore several more children in the next few years, and the ducal castle was filled with their laughter. They were joined by Tigernan's second son Roolb, who remained with his grandfather when the rest of his family moved first to Tir Eoghain and then Tir Connail. This was eventually to prove a fateful choice.

While waiting for an opportunity to expand his lands, Aed improved the infrastructure of those he already owned. A library was founded in Tir Eoghain in 1091, and a Court of Justice in Ulaid later that same year. But events to the south inturrupted soon overshadowed these events...

By 1091, Aed felt strong enough to move against the lands directly to his south. The Duchy of Meath was ruled by a bastard dynasty, decended from the Bishop of Armagh and his illegitmate son. Surely God himself would frown upon such dispicable people ruling over such a proud land - and obviously He did, as He had just stuck down the bastard Duke Neachtan at a relatively young age, leaving his young son Eochaid as ruler there. The O'Neills had long ruled in Meath in previous times, and the Duke felt it was time to revive that claim. Although he could have laid claim to the entire duchy, Aed modestly (or so he told the world in the announcement) agreed to only declaring that the County of Dublin was rightly his. It was a masterpiece of research and eloquence, but it was the wrong choice, as it turned out...

Despite his superiority in his number of troops, Aed knew that he would be unable to conquer Meath directly as they had a formidible contigent of armored knights, while he possessed none in all three of his counties. Duke Aed hoped that Meath would be distracted in feudal unrest or an outside war, in which case he could sweep south and make good his claim. And indeed, an Irish duchy was soon embroiled in both foreign conflict and war between vassal and liege. But unfortunately that Duchy wasn't Meath, but Connacht...

During 1092, Duke Bjorn of Connacht, an unstable man if there ever was one, began to, for no apparent reason, deposing and replacing his vassal counts on an almost monthly basis. Various members of his family (including both the son, Valdemar, whom he had earlier refused to marry to the elder Lady Una, as well as several of his minor daughters) and his court were summarily raised and deposed from the two comital thrones under his control. Duke Bjorn's neighbors noted this chaos, and soon the Duchy of the Western Isles took advantage and declared war. Soon afterwards, in July 1092, the forces of the Western Isles landed in Sligo, but, being few in number, they were unable to accomplish much and were soon defeated. Within a matter of weeks, Duke Bjorn's troops had boarded their ships to attack the Western Isles in retaliation, leaving several provinces directly across the border with Ulster enticingly undefended (and with their counts still being changed on a regular basis). Duke Aed, fuming, was unable to take advantage of the situation, as he didn't dare lay claim to yet another county while his recent claim on Dublin remained unredeemed or before he had enough prestige in the eyes of the world to add a second claim to the first.

Another possibility soon appeared in Connacht, however. Countess Thyra, the latest in a long string of courtiers and family members Duke Bjorn had raised to the throne of the County of Gallway, fearing that she was soon to be deposed as well, and resenting the use of her troops overseas, rebelled against her liege and declared her independence. Throughout 1094 and 1095, Duke Aed repeatedly sent her offers of vassalization to protect her from her ex-lord's eventual and inevitable wrath, but the foolish old woman refused. Eventually, after Connacht and the Western Isles made peace in December 1095, Duke Bjorn's troops returned and promptly marched south to chastise their master's former vassal. Gallway was placed under seige, but Duke Bjorn lacked the troops to make such a seige effective. For months, a few dozen troops sat outside Gallway castle doing very little indeed...

Duke Aed was distracted from these important actions to his south by more personal matters. Plague struck Tir Connail in March 1095. Old Aed, the retired Steward, was visiting there at the time and was quickly struck down. Finn, the Duke's oldest grandson and the once Count of Tir Connail, also grew very ill. He died in January 1096, aged only 13. Only a little over a year later, Diartmait, Tigernan's 11-year-old third son, also succombed to the illness. In only 16 months time, Aed's dynasty, once seemingly secure, was suddenly very much again in danger of dying out. Tigernan's second son Roolb, 12 years of age in 1097, and who had fortunately remained in his grandfather's court, now represented the sole hope for the continuation of the dyansty...
 
The Reign of Aed, Duke of Ulster - Part IV (1097 - 1107)

Although the Duke of Connacht only had a few dozen men surrounding the castle in Galway, it was enough to intercept food and other necessities from getting in. By June 1097, conditions were very bad indeed inside the castle and the elderly Countess Thyra grew ill and suddenly died. Duke Bjorn could not rejoice, however, as her distant relative Knud seized power and continued resistance against his lawful Duke. Duke Bjorn, frustrated of his ambition tried again and again to assault the castle. In one of these attempts in 1098, the Duke himself was wounded by an arrow. The cut seemed innocent enough at first, but it became infected and the Duke became seriously ill. Shortly afterwards, the mad old Duke died in agony, leaving his duchy to his son Mikkel, one of the few family members to survive his endless purges. Duke Mikkel immediately abandoned the siege and marched back to Sligo in order to secure his new throne. Count Knud followed him with his meager forces and attempted to lay siege to Sligo castle. After a short while, this was shown to be an obviously fruitless venture, and the two sides in this conflict settled down to a frustrated and uneasy peace.

On January 1, 1100, the Pope called for a Crusade to rid the Holy Land of the infidel. Duke Aed supported the idea, but he had too few troops to spare for such an undertaking.

More tragedy struck the O'Neill family in June of 1099 when Duke Aed's youngest daughter Dub Essa died in labor. Her husband, Marshall Niall, went into deep mourning and refused to think of remarrying, and his brooding sapped his health. However, young Roolb, the Duke's grandson and future heir to the Duchy, was now growing older and soon would be ready to marry. In a mirror image to his father's marriage plans, a suitable bride was to be found just across the border, Catriona of Armagh, sister of the current Duke of Meath, Eochaid. In January of 1102, the two were married, and the wheels in Duke Aed's mind began turning again. If something had worked in Tir Connail, why not in Meath as well? Within a few months, in April, Duke Eochaid suddenly and mysteriously died, leaving his duchy to his infant son Gilla Isu. Aed smiled at another job well done by his spymaster, but shortly afterwards unpleasant news was brought to his attention - Meath did not recognize female succession, and thus the new Duke's aunt Catriona and any of her decendents were not in the line of inheritance. Aed grimaced, but in his mind, the marriage still gave him a possible future claim against Meath...

After having, and then losing, their first daughter (and causing Duke Aed much pain and worry) in 1103, Roolb and Catriona soon had two healthy sons: Pilib, born in 1104, and Amlaib, born in 1105. Aed was pleased - once again his dynasty seemed to be assured of survival. But the unexpected could always happen, and he hoped to see more great-grandsons soon...

During 1104, 18-year-old Ailbe O'Neill, daughter of Brian O'Neill and the eldest granddaughter of the old Marshall Domnall, suddenly became a hot commodity on the European marriage market. First Morgund, Count of Mar, then Jan, Duke of Krakow, repeatedly asked for her to marry their bastard brothers. Duke Aed declined - surely if Ailbe was so eagerly persued by mere bastards, there was every likelihood that she would have more prestigious suitors. And indeed she did - in 1105, Aed agreed with Johann, Count of Metz, that Ailbe would marry Agathe, his younger brother and heir presumptive. The two were married on May 3. The two were perfectly matched for each other, spending money like it was water. Wagers were soon circulating around the courts of Europe on just how fast the couple would descend into bankrupcy...

Duke Aed also continued the improvement of his provinces. In 1103, royal posts were built in both Ulaid and Tir Eoghain, and, after the previous one had burnt down, a new fishery was completed in Ulaid in May 1105.

Several members of Duke Aed's court were now in need of wives. Marshall Niall, although stricken with a disease which periodically sapped his health (though he remained strong in spirit and mind), was among these, his first wife, it will be remembered, having been the Duke's late daughter Dub Essa (after whose death the first symptoms of the disease began to appear). Several other members of the O'Neill clan were also coming of age, and Aed sent messengers around the courts of the British Isles to procure wives for them. Astonishingly, many refused outright to discuss such proposals, even though Aed's prestige was fairly high. The Counts of Sutherland, Ross, Moray, Westmoreland, and several others simply sent such messengers back home, even though they all had one or more eligible ladies in their courts. Eventually, two ladies, from Argyll and Moray, were found for Marshall Niall and his nephew Gofraid, but several other O'Neill boys remained unmarried.

It was at the marriage of Marshall Niall O'Neill and Lady Maud Luarn of Moray in March 1107 that the old Duke made a startling announcement. Too long, he declared, had the wayward Count of Galway been without a lawful liege. If he refused to take one, an offer given him many times by Duke Aed himself, it was an abomination in the eyes of God and the laws of men, and his county should be stripped from him. Duke Aed declared his intention of claiming the County of Galway, and immediately called up his forces to march south and take it.

Count Tigernan gladly added his levies to his father's army, and together they marched south, reaching Galway in May. Count Knud's tiny forces were no match for those of the Duchy of Ulster, and on May 27, the siege of the castle was begun, overseen by Marshall Niall, too sick to take part personally, but still as sharp a tactician as ever from his tent. Duke Aed, as well, now 76 years of age, accompanied his army to war. But it was to be for the last time. On June 18, 1107, at the camp in Galway, watching the siege engines do their work, the old Duke collapsed and died suddenly and unexpectedly as his moment of triumph approached. Count Tigernan was immediately proclaimed Duke of Ulster by the nobles and soldiers gathered in camp, and the ducal coronet, worn so long and so well by his father, was placed upon his head...
 
Family Trees of the O'Neill Family as of 18 June 1107

O'Neill Family, main branch

Aed (1031 - 1107) Count of Tir Eoghain (? - 1080), Duke of Ulster (1080- 1107) m. Ingerid O'Donnaghile (1048 - )
-Tigernan (1066 - ) Count of Tir Eoghain (1085 - 1089), Count of Tir Connail (1089 - 1107), Duke of Ulster (1107 - ) m. Ingeborg of Tir Connail (1067 - )
--Finn (1083 - 1096), Count of Tir Connail (1085 - 1089)
--Roolb (1085 - ), Count of Tir Connail (1107 - ) m. Catriona of Armagh (1085 -)
---Dunchoblaig (1103 - 1103)
---Pilib (1104 - )
---Amlaib (1105 - )
--Diartmait (1086 - 1097)
--Nualla (1094 - 1098)
~~Murchad (1092 - 1092)
~~Muirchertach (1101 - )
~~Mael Sechlainn (1105 - )
-Slaine (1067 - 1072)
-Una (1070 - ) Steward of Ulster m. Flaithbertach of Tuadmumu (1067 - ) Chancellor of Ulster
--Seoan (1087 - 1090)
--Maire (1088 - 1089)
--Dunchoblaig (1090 - 1106)
--Siobhan (1091 - )
--Pilib (1100 - )
-Una (1071 - ) m. Roolb O'Neill (1071 - )
-Dub Essa (1074 - 1099) m. Niall O'Niell (1074 - )


O'Neill Family, cadet branch

Niall (1004 - 1061)
-Domnall (1030 - ) Marshall of Tir Eoghain and Ulster m. (1) Guaidh MacCaulay (1049 - 1069); m (2) Tailltiu O'Donnaghaille (1049 -)
--(by 1) Brian (1068 - ) m. Ailbe O'Neill (1068 - ) (appears below)
---Ailbe (1086 - )
---Mael Morda (1087 - )
---Tomas (1088 - 1089)
---Aibinn (1089 - 1089)
---Diarmait (1090 - )
---Ualgarg (1091 - )
---Nuala (1094 - )
---Murchad (1100 - )
--(by 2) Aibinn (1082 - )
-Aed (1036 - 1095) Steward of Tir Eoghain and Ulster m. (1) unknown lady; m. (2) Siobhan Ua Flaithbhertach (1049 - 1069); m (3) Aibinn O'Braonnain (1037 - ) Spymaster of Tir Eoghain and Ulster
--(by 1) Donnal (1050 - ) m. Cristina O'Cathasaigh (1050 - )
---Roolb (1071 - ) m. Una O'Neill (1071 - ), d. of Duke Aed
----Mor (1088 - 1089)
----Gofraid (1090 - ) m. Margaret of Argyll (1090 - )
----Cathal (1093 - )
----Roolb (1100 - )
---Niall (1074 - ), Marshall of Ulster m. (1) Dub Essa O'Neill (1074 - 1099), d. of Duke Aed; m. (2) Maud Loarn of Moray (1091 - )
----(by 1) Cerbail (1091 - )
----Dubchoblaig (1093 - )
----Dub Essa (1094 - )
----Donnchad (1095 - )
----Duchoblaig (1097 - )
---Derbail (1075 - ) m. Cynan Cynfyn (1075 - ), Steward of Carrack
----Derbail Cynfyn(1101 - 1102)
----Seoan Cynfyn (1102 - 1103)
-- (by 2) Ailbe (1068 - ) m. Brian O'Neill (see above)
-- (by 3) Roolb (1072 - ) m. Anna of Connacht (1073 - 1105), d. of Duke Bjorn of Connacht
---Aine (1093 - )
---Raghnialt (1094 - )
---Domnall (1095 - )
---Ualgarg (1096 - )
 
The Reign of Tigernan, Duke of Ulster - Part I (1107 - 1111)

The death of the old Duke did not slow the Ulster war machine one bit. The siege continued unabated, while the new Duke settled into his new office.

The first act of the new Duke was to grant his only surviving legitimate son, Roolb, the title of Count of Tir Connail, on the very day of the death of the old Duke. Running the county had been an excellent training ground for himself, said the duke, and now it was his son's turn to learn how to rule there. Moreover, Roolb was the direct decendent, through his mother, of the old line of Counts there, and it seemed only reasonable that he should continue in their footsteps. Duke Tigernan also stated that he would change none of the officers of state, the current officeholders being superior to anyone from his old county. Thus Niall O'Neill stayed on as Marshall, the Duke's sister Una as Steward, her husband Flaithbertach as Chancellor, and Aibinn O'Braonain, the widow of old Steward Aed O'Neill, as Spymaster.

Meanwhile, the siege in Galway continued. Death struck the Ulster camp once more on October 9, when the old Marshall, Domnall O'Neill, died just as suddenly as his kinsman the old Duke. The retired Marshall had insisted on accompanying the army to Galway to watch with pride the excellence of his grandnephew and protege Niall, the current Marshall. He was widely mourned by all of his former soldiers.

Finally, on January 26, 1108, the walls of the castle in Galway were breached and the province fell to the army of Ulster. Duke Tigernan declared Count Knud deposed and took the county as his own possession. Galway was added to the Duchy of Ulster, and for the first time since time immemorial* a new province was afixed to the ducal domain. Duke Tigernan could look now with pride upon the completion of his fathers great, but final, expedition.

Tigernan now looked overseas for his next project. During the reign of his father, scholars at his court had discovered a distant kinship with the Counts of Lincoln in England, a line eventually deposed by William the Conqueror. The current counts could claim no relationship to the ancient and rightful line, and so the Dukes of Ulster could rightfully insist that they were the legal heirs to the County. Aed had thought the Duchy too weak and too distant to press the claim, but Tigernan had no such qualms. Since England was decending into anarchy after the death of the Conqueror and the accession of his weaker son Robert, the time seemed ripe to interfere in English politics. And Tigernan never forgot that his wife had a good claim to the English throne through her mother, although that could not as of yet be proclaimed in public.

News from Lincoln was mixed. The current Countess (like many English nobles) refused to acknowledge the overlordship of King Robert, and thus if Tigernan were to attack the county, the Countess would likely be isolated and lacking allies to come to her aid. She possessed only a small army, although it included some dozens of knights, of which Tigernan possessed none (the thought of adding such powerful troops to his army was another incentive to invade). The most important consideration, however, was the fact the Lincoln was currently being ravaged by a smallpox epidemic. Tigenran feared what such a plague could do to his army, and thus decided to temporarily postpone the invasion.

1108 was a year of marriages in Ulster. Two couples of distant cousins, Ualgarg and Aine O'Neill and Diarmait and Siobhan O'Neill, were married on November 12, followed on December 29 by Cathal and Dubchoblaig O'Neill. Since it was difficult to find acceptable brides in foreign courts (and proposals for such acceptable and available ladies usually being denied), Tigernan decided that it was best in most cases to wed members of his court to each other.

On August 9, 1108, the Teutonic Order were formed from Denmark in the Baltic, and on April 13, 1109, the Duke of Gwynedd, Cadwgan, proclaimed himself King of Wales. On May 19 of that year, a training ground was completed in Galway - the former counts had been shockingly neglectful of the infrastructure of that province. A fishing wharf was soon planned for that province as soon as funds allowed.

On October 3, 1109, Marshall Niall O'Neill, having suffered for almost a decade from a debilitating disease, finally passed away, aged only 35. His passing was greatly mourned throughout Ulster, as he had not only been an outstanding general, but inspired his troops by insisting on going on campaigns with them, despite his obviously fragile health. Duke Tigernan had hoped the Marshall would have been healthy enough to accompany him on his planned war against Lincoln. However, the Marshall had already drawn up detailed plans for the invasion, and, as they were soon put into action, the general was able to influence events from beyond the grave. Diarmait O'Niell, the grandson of old Marshall Domnall and thus the late Marshall Niall's second cousin, was subsequently appointed to the office. Despite his military training, however, Marshall Diarmait inspired little confidence in his troops, as he often had given misguided advice in war councils and had more than one time narrowly escaped disaster after leading his troops into traps laid by the enemy. Luckily, young Ualgarg O'Neill, son of Roolb, and grandson of old Aed O'Neill, was nearing the completion of his military training and looked to be a worthy successor of his cousin Niall, so it appeared that Diarmait's appointment as Marshall might only be a temporary measure.

Marshall Niall's young widow Maud immediately became one of the more sought-after potential brides in Europe. But after receiving only proposals from various bastards and minor courtiers, Tigernan decided that the young lady would be best married within his own court - more specifically to her step-son Cerbail.

On June 3, 1110, the long-planned war with Lincoln was begun. Smallpox still raged through the province, but Duke Tigernan could wait no longer, as his spies told him the Countess' troop strength was steadily getting stronger. Tigernan called for a grand mobilization and immediately embarked his troops from Ulaid and Tir Eoghain on waiting ships. Count Roolb's troops were to remain behind to guard the Duchy from any surprise attacks while the Duke was away. On August 13, the army landed in Lincoln, and by September 15, the county's troops had been confined behind the walls of the castle. The siege then commenced, and lasted for five long and expensive months. Finally, on April 19, 1111, the castle fell, and Lincoln was added to the domains of the Duke of Ulster. God showed his approval of the Duke's invasion by ending the smallpox plague in August. In only four short years, Duke Tigernan hand almost doubled the size of his lands...


*Time immemorial was fixed by statute in the Duchy of Ulster as January 1, 1066.