Turning a stalemate into a checkmate
In the beginning of the year ’43 the fighting on all fronts had grinded down to halt. Both sides had prepared positions and were determined to hold at all costs. The Allied attacks in Iraq had caused a shift in the front; the Japanese troops in Kirkuk had been forced to retreat. The large scale of Allied operations in the area called in for the Japanese air force to contribute and the veteran bomber wings there were finally committed. Only in few days several American and British divisions were destroyed, including an elite American mechanised division. Japanese operation began immediately, but they were halted by the immense amount of Allied troops in the Middle-East. The Japanese estimated at least one million strong allied forces facing the nimble four hundred thousand men large Japanese forces. During the period of March to the beginning of July the front lines shifted, the Allied troops advanced to Bakhtaran in the height of their offensive in June. The Japanese were able to rally their troops and reclaim Bakhtaran and start attacking Kirkuk and Mosul that had been captured by the Allies.
The Japanese offensive operation picked up speed and as Mosul’s defences hadn’t been overcome yet, due to the large size of defending Allied forces. Field Marshall Hata ordered the city to be encircled. The 18th Motorised Corps were assigned to the task. They had a simple mission: Take Dair az Zawr and hold it until the Allied troops in the Mosul pocket would be overrun. On 28th of July the troops in Mosul received supplies for the last time, and the Japanese troops started their attacks.
The attack against the Mosul pocket was the beginning of the Japanese success in the Middle East.
The battle took two days, and the last British and Turkish units were destroyed or captured on the 30th of July. The 18th Motorised Corps was under attack from all sides and the Japanese intelligence counted nearly ten enemy divisions attacking its positions. 18th Motorised was ordered to retreat on the 1st of August after two days of fighting. The Korean Sergeant-Major Kim Tan-Puy served in the frontline during the two-day offensive and he wrote of the events there to his diary:
Kim’s diary said:
2nd of August 1943
After a year of silence on our front the Brits launched an offensive in Northern Iraq. I heard that they made a quite impressive breach, nearly encircling Iraq, but we fought them off. The we were ordered to attack the city of Dair az Zawr (What a weird name.). We rode there on our tanks with minimal resistance and took positions on the 28th of July. After that the hell broke loose. Brits, Americans, Turks, Dutch, Belgians, Greeks! Everyone was attacking us! And they had so much armour and half-tracks that we thought that the world was going to end. The battles culminated on the 30th of July when our regiment was pitted against a whole American mechanised division. Our positions were in a desert so we saw them coming a mile away. Our tanks were readied for the clash and they received extra ammunition and fuel. We saw the American tanks riding across the dunes in the horizon, nearly three kilometres away. Our new tanks had big cannons and I sat on a tank while the commander estimated ranges, he looked at the dust clouds with his binoculars. He shouted numbers to his gunner, who was aiming. He told the gunner to aim at the commanding tank and load a HEAT round into the tube, when the commanders counting reached two thousands the cannon roared. A cloud of back smoke and fire erupted out of its end and the sound was tremendous. After a second I could see an explosion in the horizon. After a few seconds, I could see black smoke coming from the hit vehicle, verifying the fact that the tank had been destroyed. The commander took a charcoal and drew an “X” to the side of his tank, next to the thirteen X’s. Then the tanks moved out, we sat on their backs, grasping our Tube launched rockets and smg’s. Three new dive bombers flew over us. They were equipped with the new turbojet engines and I could see strange missiles hanging from their wings. They dived on the Americans, launching their missiles, leaving strays of smoke hanging in the air. Many armoured vehicles blew to pieces in an instant, after that the aircraft strafed around the tanks firing their 37mm cannons and finally flying back to their base.
We clashed with the Americans in a minute, our tanks manoeuvred and the heaviest tanks were spearheading our counterattack. We disembarked only a hundred meters away from the Americans, spreading out and taking cover behind burning tanks and shell holes. I saw an American tank go past us and turning its turret slowly towards the flank of our tank. I ripped the rocket from a private and aimed. Trying to remember where the Sherman’s ammo storage was situated I aimed carefully and pulled the trigger. Smoke erupted from the other end of the launcher and the rocket flew with a fiery tail towards the Sherman’s flank. The hit was perfect, hitting the side with full force. The range was only a forty meters so the effects were horrendous. The explosion locked my ears and from the crater where I lay, I could still see the enormous turret flying in the air. It fell of the tank making a loud sound.
This continued for a while, both sides taking heavy losses, finally the Americans retreated back to their positions and we retreated back to ours, certain that the same would be repeated in a few hours.
American soldier posing with a captured Japanese tank, this was rare because the Japanese usually blew their tanks up instead letting them to end up in the enemy’s hands.
After that the Japanese started their offensive. This was not planned, but an improvised offensive. The Japanese saw their chance and grabbed it. The result was surprising, the 18th Motorised attacked Hims, taking it in few days, this opened up the route to Damascus and the recapture of Dawr az Zawr gave the Japanese the opportunity to take the coast of the Mediterranean. The Japanese air forces in the area contributed greatly, destroying all retreating units and all moving enemy units. Soon the Allies were forced to stay in their positions, in fear of artillery and air-to-surface rockets. This left the Japanese with only the mopping up of the Allies and by the end of November the Suez Canal had been taken, blocking the Allied fleets from the Arabic Sea.
The Japanese objective in the East is fulfilled! All of Asia has been nearly liberated!
The only countries still under dictatorships were Communist China and Tibet, which would get the attention of Japan soon enough.
The stalemate in the Marshall Islands was breaking too. After multiple failed attempts, the island of Maloelap was attacked on the 1st of June by twelve divisions and after a day of fighting the Americans surrendered. The Americans lost two infantry divisions and one armoured division in this embarrassing defeat.
The Americans in Maloelap are attacked.
The offensive continued twenty days later when all Japanese forces in the Marshalls, eighteen infantry divisions, attacked the American base at Kwajalein. There were eight infantry divisions and an armoured division defending, but their resistance was crumbled by the Japanese carrier air wings that were used as mobile artillery, taking out American pockets of resistance and preventing supply. After their destruction the Americans sent four new infantry divisions to the island, but they were also overcome. The Marshalls were finally in Japanese hands again and now it was time to take advantage of that. The battles in the Marashalls cost the Americans ten divisions of infantry, two divisions of Marines, three armoured divisions, two aircraft carriers and numerous battleships, battlecruisers and other vessels. Their vigorous attempts to reinforce their garrisons there also caused the destruction of over twenty transport flotillas. The American press tried to keep the events in secrecy, but the Japanese propaganda sent through Mexico, caused the American public’s opinions to turn even more negative towards the war.
On 5th of November the Japanese troops took control of Midway Island, and attacked Wake Island. The defences at Wake Island were too powerful for the Japanese and the carrier fleet there just bombed the harbour, which had thirteen transport flotillas anchored.
The capture of Midway Island and the battles at the Wake Island.
In December the Japanese Pacific Command decided to take the most important American base in the Pacific: Pearl Harbour. Both Carrier fleets operating at the Pacific Ocean were mobilised for the task and twelve divisions, experienced in Island fighting in the Marshalls, were earmarked for the invasion. On the 5th of December 1943 the first six divisions attacked the small island of Niihau and overwhelmed the armoured division posted there. A day later the island of Hawaii was invaded, the coastal guards completely surprised. In the beginning of January 1944 the whole chain of Islands was in Japanese hands.
The American declaration of war is avenged and the Pearl harbour lies in the Japanese hands!
Now the Japanese government had strong positions for peace negotiations, but if there weren’t going to be any, they could continue the war for a long time. The stalemate had been converted into a checkmate and now it is time for the Japanese army to gain total control of the Pacific.
The Americans have now seven carriers, but I haven't seen a single one of them yet, and I suspect that they are using them against the Italians.