Amaury, The Mighty (Part 2)
Lived: 1339-1394
Head of House of D’Albon: 1353-1394
Latin Emperor: 1353-1394
Roman Emperor: 1381-1394
Vice Gerent of Christ: 1359-1394
King of Jerusalem, Egypt, Syria and Araby: 1353-1394
King of the Armenians: 1373-1394
King of Africa: 1378-1394
King of Croatia 1381-1394
King of Babylon: 1393-1394
With the end of the Pact of God early in his reign during the 1370s Amaury aimed to improve relations with the other major power of the Mediterranean – Sicily. In the constituent Latin Kingdoms if Italy, Sicily and Africa a new, very separate, branch of the D’Albons had formed since the division of Alderic I’s Empire. Here the D’Albons had adapted to Italian culture and by 1370 had adopted the local name for D’Albons former the Di Albano ‘clan’. Strangely the primary D’Albon line had bred much more thoroughly with the Di Albanos than they had with their fellow Frankish D’Albons in the far West of the Empire. In Sicily and Italy the rulers were still closely related cousins of Amaury and thus when the Emperor requested an alliance with the Sicilians it was quickly signed off.
In 1377, barely two years after the alliance was agreed, Sicily got Jerusalem involved in one of the frequent wars amongst the Di Albanos. This conflict was one that clearly depicted the intertwined nature of the families in the Mediterranean part of the Empire. Henriette D’Albon was the eldest child of Amaury. She was also the niece of the King of Italy and was betrothed to Donato King of Sicily. However on the very night she was supposed to be married to Donato King Antonio of Africa (a close cousin of both her and Donato) stole her away in a strangely Homoresque action. However Antonio failed to learn the lessons of Paris all those Centuries before and quickly the scorned King Donato of Sicily went to his Imperial cousin in Jerusalem for help. Amaury, equally enraged at his daughter’s betrayal, agreed to marshal the armies of Jerusalem and into a war of vengeance against the tiny Kingdom of Africa.
The initial phase of the war saw the Sicilian African levies crushed by Antonio and his armies in the passes of the Tunisian highlands. After this the King of Africa simply waited for the inevitable Imperial assault. When it came in mid 1378 he was shocked at it scale. A huge fleet, carrying as many as 60,000-70,000 men arrived off of Malta. There the regionally powerful African fleet (which had up to then stopped Sicilian forces from crossing from Europe) was utterly annihilated. Shortly later the huge army began to land all around the Kingdom’s coast. Antonio decided to surrender himself, his army and Henriette rather than fight a doomed battle. In exchange for letting Amaury annex Africa and seize the crown the Imperial Generals handed both Antonio and Henriette over to Donato. If the chroniclers are to be believed (and they were rarely kind to Donato) he beat Henriette to death, forcing Antonio to watch as he did so, before having the former King of Africa tortured to death in Palermo’s dungeons.
Yet peace would be only short lived. Only a few months after the conclusion of the War in Africa Emperor Konstantinos Lakarikis, the very man who had crushed the Bulgar and Aqba Khan in the Great Crusade, effectively condemned the Greek state to oblivion by invading the Patriarchal Kingdom of Croatia in November 1378. By the end of the year he had forced the Patriarch of Croatia into exile and crowned himself King of Croatia. In response Donato King of Sicily went to war in Spring 1379.
Konstantinos invaded Southern Italy with nearly ¼ of a million men. Donato managed to muster around 120,000 in opposition and marched to meet at some of the Roman army. However after landing his host at Bari the Emperor had quickly sent a large contingent into the Southern Apennine Mountains.
Whilst travelling across the mountains from Naples Donato’s army was ambushed and all but destroyed. Barely ¼ of the original Sicilian army escaped.
By August 1379 all that remained of Sicilian Southern Italy was the city of Foggia. Here the 18,000 man remnants of Donato’s army had managed to beat back several much larger Roman attacks. It was at this time that the King of Sicily again sent a desperate cry for help to his Imperial cousin in Jerusalem. Amaury quickly assembled a mighty army from every part of his Jerusalem and in October declared war.
When Amaury invaded in October 1379 the Roman Empire virtually empty of warriors with so many men in Italy. This allowed Jerusalem to seize all of Anatolia, Thrace and Greece proper as well as placing the Queen of Cities under siege (the siege was led by Amaury personally). This forced Konstantinos to abandon his dream of reconquering Italy for the Romans in favour of protecting the Greeks from Latin invasion. Out of the initial army of ¼ of a million there were around 150,000 survivors. 50,000 Greeks were left in Italy to try to hold onto the Roman gains there whilst Konstantinos led 60,000 ashore at Dyrrachion with the remaining 40,000 being dispersed to other fronts in the Balkans. Just in shore from Dyrrachion the one and only major battle of the War of Emperors took place at Orchid.
Many people claim that the Battle of Orchid was the beginning of the end of the Medieval period. Not only did bring about the collapse of the Greek Roman Empire but it also ended the old methods of warfare which had been in place since the Dark Ages. For Centuries heavily armed cavalry had been an unstoppable force, whilst Eastern style horse archers may have been able to severely batter a heavy cavalry charge there was nothing on earth that could stop one. That was until the Battle of Orchid.
Richard Jimenez Duke of Oultrejordan was a military genius and an innovator of his age. Whilst almost every army at this time (even other Jerusalemer armies) still relied on the large contingents of heavily armoured knights Richard had very few. Instead he equipped his well paid and trained infantry with great pikes. At the Battle of Orchid the Roman Emperor had a very large force of mighty Cataphracts with large numbers of infantry levies in support. Meanwhile Jimenez had around 1/3 of the number of men in the Emperor’s 60,000 man force and little to no cavalry. Instead his army was mostly made up of the new pike regiments with a smattering of heavily armoured swordsmen on foot.
Seeing the supposed weakness of the Jimenz’ force Konstantinos charged down on the Duke’s army at the head of several thousand Cataphracts. However rather than buckle and break under the Emperor’s pressure the pikemen stood firm. The cavalry charge was utterly broken and as the broken Greek force tried to turn back and flee Jimenez unleashed his swordsmen to cut down the prime of the Roman army. The Emperor barely escaped with his life. Following this the levy infantry of the Romans charged but was cut down by the much better trained and equipped Latin force.
Mere days after news reached Constantinople of the shocking reverse the city threw open its gates to Amaury on the promise that the city would not be harmed. For the rest of the war the seemingly dazed and confused Byzantine armies would march from defeat to defeat, often against much smaller and supposedly weaker armies. On March 3rd Bari, the last Roman stronghold in Italy, fell. By June everything Roman South of the Danube was in Latin hands. On July 19th Konstantinos surrendered his Imperial tile, the Kingship of Croatia, Constantinople, Anatolia, Croatia and much of Greece to Amaury. Within months 3 Greek successor states would form.
Amaury’s gains in the war were huge in both territory and prestige as he became the world’s first ever double-Emperor. Meanwhile the Greek territories he did not annex quickly divided into several successor nations. In Nubia a Greek elite crowned themselves Kings of the former theme. In the Northern colonies Alexios Komnenos (one of the last of his dynasty) made himself Prince of the Northern Mark. In the only recently conquered Principality of Rashka the local Serbs rose up to reform the independent Principality of Rashka. Meanwhile Konstantinos Lakarikis (the former Emperor) became King of Bulgaria with his son ruling the Despotate of Achaea as his nominal vassal.
For the rest of his reign discontent would simmer angrily throughout the vast Empire ruled over by Amaury with many minor rebellions (including many in Greece) but nothing too threatening breaking out across the realm. Meanwhile in this period the Empire slowly expanded. In 1383, for reasons still unclear, the Patriarch of Croatia (no longer equivalent to a King but now back in control of his old lands) called upon his flock to take the last Pagan outpost in the known world – the Canaries. The Canary islands had long been ‘officially’ ruled by many different Islamic states of North Africa but never had their overlords been able to exert any real control over the islands and so they retained their Shamanist religion. During the conflicts in the Mediterranean the King of Zenata had given up his claim to the islands, allowing them to rule themselves. So in 1383 the Patriarch himself sailed to the islands to take them for his own Holy See. In 1389 the Archbishop of Tripoli (by now surrounded by Amaury’s nation) decided to swear allegiance to his Emperor, giving up his self determination. Then between 1392 and 1393 Amaury had his second son Louis led an expedition against the crumbling Seljuk Empire which ended in great success.
Then, sensationally, upon the return of Louis from Persia the dying Emperor became the first and only ever D’Albon to stray from Primogeniture when he declared Louis his rightful heir, shunning his older son Philippe who had led a failed rebellion in the 1380s and been generally incompetent. On Christmas Day 1393 crowned himself King of Babylon and just two weeks later passed away peacefully. His son would leave Jerusalem for the comfort and opulence of Constantinople, the primary line of D’Albons would never again rule from the Holy City.