Sounds like one of the mods you installed put local files in your Cities Skylines II directory that were causing the issue. These sorts of local files aren't disabled when using the --disableModding game option.I fixed it by renaming the Cities skylines II folder and letting the game create a new one
I would be wary of using mods that do that as you might find it hard to locate and delete any problematic, unsupported assets.
Glad you got it to work!