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Basically, the following conditions need to be met:

1.) Intended vassal must be the same religion as your nation
2.) Must be in an alliance with your nation 10 or more years
3.) Must have a royal marriage
4.) Must have relations of 190+
5.) Major nations and nations with more provinces than you cannot be vassalised.

FYI, this is in the manual.
 
Addition

As far as I've observed :

6) your target should not be at war
7) your target should not be the victim of a trade embargo from you

(also true for annexing a vassal)

I take the opportunity to ask a puzzling question :

We all know that to vassalize, you must be bigger than your target.
We also all know that being simply bigger (1 more province) is not sufficient.
Does somebody know exactly 'How much bigger' you need to be ?
(I know : i've already post this question...)

Viandox
 
Since tonyp says it's a problem with minors accepting vassalization (as opposed to him not being able to propose it), I would assume that he has already met all of the conditions outlined above.

tonyp, I don't know if there are any factors peculiar to specific minors, but AFAIK, there is a good deal of luck involved in general. I.e., one game you can fail ten times in a row trying to vassalize Hungary, another game you might succeed on the first try.
 
Well, as Russia I have had georgia tell me to p-off despite a 200, alliance, RM, othrodox
and a 20:1 territory edge.. soooo

i think its purely random if they accept or not.

Z
 
Religion doesn't matter, just royal marriages. Also, money is a large factor. You have a much better chance if you have a great deal of money and the other country has just a little. Try it in December (save your money throughout that year though). Also, because of the way savegames work, you usually have a better chance after you load a game. The money values aren't calculated in the actual files so the country you are trying to vassilize may think they are much worse off than they really are. Army size also plays a factor and I'm sure that you need a larger army. You're leader's diplomatic value can also play a large factor.
 
Plus, it's been said that the target's stability matters - if it is high, they are more likely to refuse, which makes sense. But it sure feels random - just keep plugging away until they accept! :)
 
I've found that if a nation consistently disagrees to be vassalised, that if you try to vassalise someone else first (they will reject) then immediately try to vassalise the one you really wanted to, they will accept.
 
Originally posted by Kedryn
I've found that if a nation consistently disagrees to be vassalised, that if you try to vassalise someone else first (they will reject) then immediately try to vassalise the one you really wanted to, they will accept.

Hmm, seems like a bug... Hartmann, you getting this.