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icedt729

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Dec 22, 2010
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Seeing the latest HOI4 DD, where the devs have clearly put a lot of attention into reworking China, it got me thinking about how they would do it in Vicky 3. I think we can all agree the way they did it in Vicky 2 was pretty... suboptimal. Here's what I see as the biggest issues:

-Lack of historical events/decisions. There are no Opium Wars, no Muslim rebellions in the Northwest, no court struggle between reformers and reactionaries, and no Xinhai Revolution. Boxers and Taiping are in, but don't have the impact they should (the Taiping rebellion was the bloodiest war of the 19th century and maybe the bloodiest civil war in history). This ties in with the next point.

-Political stability. China almost always stays an Empire. This seems to be a pretty consistent problem across uncivs so I suspect POPs in unwesternized countries are just very unlikely to become Liberals or Socialists or whichever. But this really ought to be addressed because liberal agitation played an important part leading up to the Xinhai revolution.

-Substates are ahistorical. They take their names from post-1911 warlords, and their territories are basically fictional. So they don't pass for "reasonable alt-history" states because of their bizarre borders, names and ethnic identities, and they don't pass for the actual warlords for the mostly the same reasons.

-Substates are poorly-balanced. One apparent goal of the substate system was to make it possible to sphere parts of China but not the whole. This really only worked out in Manchuria (intended to become a Russian, and later Japanese, sphereling). For basically everywhere else that historically saw Western or Japanese influence, it's still impossible to sphere them because of how large the "Chinese Empire" and "Guangxi" populations are. So instead we get bizarre outcomes like Shanghai being totally free of foreign influence while the Americans meddle in Yunnanese affairs. Another goal was probably to slow down the unification of China, but the Empire controls by far the wealthiest and most populous parts of the country (their nearest rival is Guangxi, with half as many POPs) so this isn't achieved in any meaningful way. The third actually seems to have been to try and make westernization a little smoother for China, since fewer states for the Empire means it's quicker to get to important milestones like 2% clergy, but this is only an issue because of the following point;

-The Japan-China disparity (or, the Japan-every other unciv disparity). So, Japan is the only unciv that's intended to consistently become a legitimate GP, and naturally it's going to need some distinctive advantage in order for that to happen. But the dev's solution has been to make the Japanese something like 8 times as well-educated as the rest of East Asia in 1836 (and to give them a number of starting reforms, and give them additional RP and prestige on westernization). The Japanese are even about four times as literate as the Irish or most Austro-Hungarian ethnicities. This is a little ludicrous considering the Japanese education system was just Chinese education filtered through hereditary feudalism until after the Meiji restoration. So the problem is- westernization is depicted as primarily a technological process, buying reforms through research, when in both China and Japan westernization was a political process that happened through armed revolt. So Japan's earlier and more-successful revolution is produced through *ludicrously high* literacy and a beneficial event, relative to other uncivs that are expected to make the transition much later or not at all. This will require a major politics rework to fix so that reforms become more like laws in CK2- something you have to push through against opposition, and while research might be prerequisite for some of them the ultimate effort to put them into effect is going to be a political one. Then you could have something like the Self-Strengthening Movement or the Hundred Days' Reform, which failed because of political opposition and not any lack of technical know-how. Japan will benefit from its political and cultural solidarity, not from exaggerated intellectual prowess.

-Westernized China immediately becomes a GP. China's massive, backwards armies are often useless in actual fighting but are still enough to keep China ranked #1 in military. And when you have 100 million POPs, you can subsidize enough industry to be a major Industrial contender no matter how backwards and noncompetitive your factories are. So in a situation where China still has really no ability to project power or to compete with rival GPs, it's always going to be put into that position just by virtue of sheer size. To resolve this, the score calculations will have to be refined to weigh quality more heavily than quantity, since the most influential countries of this time were not the most populous ones but the ones with the best institutions, technology and infrastructure.

-GP China tanks the global economy. Because of how buying order works, and how obscenely large some Chinese POPs are, China climbing the buying order can lead to massive shortages in every country lower than them. To resolve this problem there would have to be some pretty fundamental changes to the nature of buying order, price flexibility, and how good producers are at responding to changes in demand, as well as a smoother transition for China from very low to very high buying order.

Lastly, this is extremely nitpicky, but "Beifaren" and "Nanfaren" are typos. You want "fang," not "fa." But considering how big of an improvement EU4's culture map of China is over previous PDS games, I'm pretty confident they'll do a good job with cultures this time around.

Anyway, tl;dr- China lacks flavor and realism, and the game's overall mechanics aren't well-suited for dealing with such a large country.

What changes would y'all want to see made?
 
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There is yet to be a Paradox game where China couldn't be more fleshed out, but I can't say I really agree with you overall.

-Substates are ahistorical.
I've always assumed their borders are based on the Zongdu/Viceroyalties.

-The Japan-China disparity (or, the Japan-every other unciv disparity).
Japan really did have a basic literacy rate that high. Japan was also more urbanized than most of the world in 1836 (A frequently cited statistic is that the least urbanized region of Japan, Tohoku, was as urbanized as the most urbanized region of China, Zhili). The Meiji Emperor and his supporters didn't turn a savage backwater into the most industrialized nation in Asia through sheer political will anymore than the Protestant Work Ethic industrialized England and Germany.

-Westernized China immediately becomes a GP
It probably should be harder to become civilised than it is in Vicky 2, but given what the westernization process is supposed to represent, uh, yeah, of course China immediately becomes a great power. It was the most populous and wealthiest country in the world in 1800 and only through corruption, administrative incompetence, civil wars, extremely low literacy rates, foreign meddling and invasion, capricious and failed modernization efforts,
 
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The sub states had to do with problems occuring when sphering China, and had nothing to do with China itself. In PDM they take the mechanic, but move it to Japan and has it represent Daimyos, and it work better.

I agree that China is something that need fleshing out for a Vicky 3. In the meanwhile, I recommend either normal PDM, or a PDM mod mod such as Divide by Zero or Concert of Europe.
 
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There is yet to be a Paradox game where China couldn't be more fleshed out, but I can't say I really agree with you overall.

-Substates are ahistorical.
I've always assumed their borders are based on the Zongdu/Viceroyalties.
I think the concept came from viceroyalties but the names are taken from post-Xinhai warlord cliques and the boundaries are fictionalized (for some reason they're all ruled from remote, desolate border regions instead of from places that were actually important to administration. Also, why is Hubei split in half?). Those viceroyalties are a good deal smaller and more numerous than the in-game substates and they reflect geographic and cultural splits much better.

-The Japan-China disparity (or, the Japan-every other unciv disparity).
Japan really did have a basic literacy rate that high. Japan was also more urbanized than most of the world in 1836 (A frequently cited statistic is that the least urbanized region of Japan, Tohoku, was as urbanized as the most urbanized region of China, Zhili). The Meiji Emperor and his supporters didn't turn a savage backwater into the most industrialized nation in Asia through sheer political will anymore than the Protestant Work Ethic industrialized England and Germany.
I'm saying that basic literacy is not the same as technological prowess, but in-game that's how it's treated. Furthermore they treat Westernization as a technological process that you buy through high literacy and lots of clergymen. In reality Japan had been highly-urbanized and highly-literate since the end of the Warring States; the Tokugawa were overthrown because of their unpopular policies, not because the Japanese had researched their way out of 'primitive' government. A dense and literate population helped with post-Restoration economic development (which it directly does in-game through easier craftsman and clerk promotions, more efficient building of railroads and factories, maximized use of national focuses, etc) but did not really impact the Restoration itself. Likewise the Xinhai revolution was about politics, not human development in the sense of literacy rates or education systems. Both of them were also influenced by outside pressures, and the nature of diplomacy with Western powers.

I guess to get right to it, I think we should address why so many European and American countries with virtually no literacy start out as Civilized when Japan, with objectively higher human development, needs to research its way into civilization. I think we have to accept that "Civilized" is an ideological distinction, not a technological one, but then why do we use research points to make the change?

(Also, Zhili was seriously the most-urbanized region of China at the time? If that's true it shows a massive failure in Qing economic policy, the region should be a distant third to the Yangzi and Zhujiang deltas at best)

-Westernized China immediately becomes a GP
It probably should be harder to become civilised than it is in Vicky 2, but given what the westernization process is supposed to represent, uh, yeah, of course China immediately becomes a great power. It was the most populous and wealthiest country in the world in 1800 and only through corruption, administrative incompetence, civil wars, extremely low literacy rates, foreign meddling and invasion, capricious and failed modernization efforts,
I'd put it like this: at what time in our actual timeline would you say that China became one of the top 8 economic and military powers in the world? I'd argue that from the mid-Qing until at least the Deng Xiaoping period they were a regional power at best. I'm arguing that GP status be more about having power projection and influence over international events more than just raw quantity of output or manpower, because the key difference between a GP and any other civilized country is sphereing, Great Wars, and crises. The profitability of industry should count for more than the sheer volume of it and the effectiveness of troops and navies should count for more than just their quantity.
 
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I think issues with China largely stem from how Vic 2 was structured, especially how GP status affects markets. As has been said, there was the issue of the game prioritizing scale over efficiency or actual prestige for Great Power status. The way Vic 2 designed markets also made things like sphereing China undesirable (since they'd Made-in-China you kinda like what they have done in recent times)

I actually think Great Power status should only be a function of what you achieve as a nation. Like who hosts great events like the 1850 World Fair or winning a prestigious war (Britain was very proud and envied by its control over 'crown jewel' India). Your Industrial and military might are really only means of achieving things. Thus, you wouldn't be able to simply idle around after investing in huge industries or armies, you need to do something!

If anything, I hope Vic 3 begins to address markets much more realistically. This was a time where unscrupulous practices were employed, such as signing "Unequal Treaties" and making biased trades/dumping to make Asian economies lose and European powers win, giving them control over huge markets.
Also what needs to happen is a good look on how economies are developed. A lot can be read about why China faced headwinds industrializing and some argued that China couldn't industrialize because their coal sources were too far from where their industry would be. The game needs to make it such that industrializing any nation isn't as simple as blanketing the country with rails and factories.
 
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I'd put it like this: at what time in our actual timeline would you say that China became one of the top 8 economic and military powers in the world? I'd argue that from the mid-Qing until at least the Deng Xiaoping period they were a regional power at best. I'm arguing that GP status be more about having power projection and influence over international events more than just raw quantity of output or manpower, because the key difference between a GP and any other civilized country is sphereing, Great Wars, and crises. The profitability of industry should count for more than the sheer volume of it and the effectiveness of troops and navies should count for more than just their quantity.

If "Westernization" is meant to represent becoming an industrial country, as it seems to, since one of the main changes is being able to build factories. China in real life would not have counted as a "Westernized" country in game terms until shortly before World War 2, since its industrial output was negligible up to that point.

And at that point, China WAS considered a great power to some extent - it was treated as one of the five main winning allies of the war. And while Nationalist China was clearly a junior partner compared to the Americans or Soviets, the same could be said of France.

That said, France was clearly more capable of projecting power than China was at that time, even if the two countries actually had fairly similar treatment on the world stage, so the question is whether "Great Power" status is meant to reflect their status in the eyes of the international community or true military power.
 
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